CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to the Study Education is a preparation for life. This is related to the acquisition of skills to earn a living. Today as always, the definition of education is the ever change and increasing in scope. Our schools are confronted with new pressures arising from changing needs with students; societal expectation, economic changes and technological advancement are to look into (Federal Ministry of Education, 2008). Ali (2002) believes that the word science stands for a variety of information, abilities and operations about the natural environment. He believes that science is more concerned with various investigative processes and activities with regards to developing, acquiring, and controlling knowledge, skills, attitudes and capabilities about the natural factors of the environment. According to Aniodoh (2009), science is a body of knowledge arrived at through systematic and procedural processes based on tentative observation and experiment. Biology as one of the science subject is defined as the study of life and structure of living things and concerns itself with the study of structure, behavior, distribution, the origin of plants and animals and their relationship with the environment. Abugu (2007) stated that biology is a natural science in which the study living organisms-plants and animals. Biology has been identified as the bedrock of understanding life, treating ailment and maintenance of ecosystem. However, it has been discovered that secondary school students have misplaced biology in their choice of subject on the basis that biology is too wide for them to cope with teacher have always been blamed for students poor performance in biology but should not be allowed to bear the whole blame alone, rather it should be looked at as a problem that has many contributory factors among which are teaching aids, students and government factors. The West African Examination Council (WEAC) and National Examination Council (NECO) among others syllabus on biology is structured using the conceptual apparatus. It is expected that with adequate exposure to the syllabus, the students will not only acquire scientific skill and attitudes, but will also demonstrate a thorough understanding of scientific concepts and then in providing practical solutions to real life problem (Bandele, 2003). Achievement test results over the years have shown an ever decreasing gap between the performances of Biology at senior secondary school level in Makurdi Local government Area of Benue State (Onekutu and Onekutu, 2002). Available statistics from West Africa Examination Council, WAEC Chief Examiners report that WAEC May/June 2016, a total of eight hundred and seventy eight thousand and forty (878,040) candidates, representing 52.97%, obtained credits in five (5) subjects and above, including English Language and Mathematics. There are varieties of materials which the Biology teachers use. These resources are models, charts, preserved specimens of plants and animals, culturing equipment and microscope (Olagunju, 2000). The resources should be provided in quality and quantity in classroom for effective teaching-learning process (Umeoduagu, 2000). Josiah and Ali (2013) in an empirical study, revealed that essential facilities such as equipment like radio, television, computers, chemicals, specimens, videos tape, stave, Bunsen burners, models and charts are not available in schools. This inadequacy of teaching materials, laboratory, space, has been of serious concern to educators. According to Ajewole and Okebukola (2000), a number of factors are said to have contributed to the students poor academic achievement in school, some of these factors include: poor study habits and lack of available resource materials, teachers ineffectiveness, the teaching method and the type of learning environment available for both the students and the teachers. From the authors view, the poor performance of students in Biology may be a reflection of the type of learning environment. Â The authors stress that a host of these factors may surround students poor achievement in school which may include: poor study habits and lack of available resource materials, poor school climate, indiscipline, inadequate facilities, teachers ineffectiveness, the teaching method and the type of learning environment available for both the students and the teachers. From the authors view, the poor performance of students in primary school may be a reflection of the type of learning environment. Obaka (2005) observed that school environment may have negative influence on students academic achievement especially if such environment lacks good school climate, instructional materials, discipline, physical facilities, has poor teacher quality, type of location of school is questionable. The decline in performance in science Technology and Mathematics (STM) may be unconnected with poor learning environment created by this state of infrastructural facilities Akinsola (2000). Â Mapaderun (2002) also emphasized that the availability and adequacy of these facilities promote effects teaching and learning activities in schools while there in adequacy affects the academic have performance negatively. Several efforts have been extended by science Teachers Association of Nigeria (STAN) to train secondary school teachers on improvisation techniques in various on science subject including Biology; hence there is need to valuable how far teachers have been able to improvise instructional material for effective teaching
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| Settings | Assessment of the resources available for the effective teaching and learning of biology in senior secondary schools, Makurdi Benue State remove | CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL SECTOR (A STUDY OF IMO POLY) remove | EFFECTS OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS ENHANCE THE TEACHING/LEARNING PROCESS BY EXHIBITING INFORMATION NECESSARY TO ACQUIRE KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS remove | Multifunction Baby Stroller seat remove | THE SUITABILITY OF HEALTH EDUCATION IN THE CONTROL OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASE SPREAD IN NIGERIA INDUSTRIAL DISEASES AMONG PRE-SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN (1-5 YEARS). remove | COOPERATIVES FACTORS THAT CAN INFLUENCE THE ESTABLISHMENT IN EDUCATIONAL SECTOR IN IMO STATE: (A CASE STUDY OF OWERRI EDUCATIONAL BORD. IMO STATE) remove | ||
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| Name | Assessment of the resources available for the effective teaching and learning of biology in senior secondary schools, Makurdi Benue State remove | CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL SECTOR (A STUDY OF IMO POLY) remove | EFFECTS OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS ENHANCE THE TEACHING/LEARNING PROCESS BY EXHIBITING INFORMATION NECESSARY TO ACQUIRE KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS remove | Multifunction Baby Stroller seat remove | THE SUITABILITY OF HEALTH EDUCATION IN THE CONTROL OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASE SPREAD IN NIGERIA INDUSTRIAL DISEASES AMONG PRE-SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN (1-5 YEARS). remove | COOPERATIVES FACTORS THAT CAN INFLUENCE THE ESTABLISHMENT IN EDUCATIONAL SECTOR IN IMO STATE: (A CASE STUDY OF OWERRI EDUCATIONAL BORD. IMO STATE) remove | ||
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| Description | CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Conflict management in a education sector, the management of conflict in education sector using peaceful, non-violent methods has been around for a long time. In nearly all African societies there is a preference for the peaceful settlement of dispute along the line prescribed frowned at. In a few instance where it may be tolerated, the community rather than the individual has to be sanctioning authority, the sanctioning following due process. In all civilized parts of the world, there is growing resort to the peaceful settlement of dispute in an organization. The image of violence presented by the media is not as such a true reflection of the dominant method of settling conflict in an organizations. There is an enormous amount of dispute taking place at various levels and in many organizations communities, groups and international levels. A wider range of non-violent method of managing conflict avails to the conflict transformation world. These methods are available at the individual, family, group, community and international levels. Conflict management is the process of reducing the negative and destructive capacity of conflict through a number of measures and by working with through the parties involved in that conflict. This term is some times used synonymously with ?conflict regulation?. It covers the entire area of handling conflict pristinely at different stages, including those efforts made to prevent conflict by being practice. It encompasses conflict limitation, containment and litigation. In the words of (John Barton), this may include ?conflict prevention? (Barton 1990) a term he used to connote containment of conflict through steps introduced to promote conditions in which collaborative and valued relationships control the behavior of conflict parties. The term ?conflict management? is perhaps an administration and admission of the reality that conflict is in evitable but that not all conflicts can always be resolved. Therefore what practitioners can do is to manage and regulate them. Conflict resolution is seen by Miller (2003:8) as a variety of approaches aimed at terminating conflict from management or transformation through the constructive solving of problems, distinct from management of conflict. Miall etal (2005;21)indicated that by resolution, it is expected that the deep rooted sources of conflict are addressed and resolved and behavior is no longer violent, nor are attitudes hostile any longer while the structure of the conflict has been changed. Mitchel and bank (1996) use conflict resolution to refer to: (i) An outcome in which the issue in an existing conflict are satisfactorily dealt with through a solution that is mutually acceptable to the parties, self-sustaining in the run and productive of a new, positive relationship between parties that were previously hostile adversaries and (ii) Any process or procedure by which such an outcome is achieved. Conflict transformation has been introduced by John Paul leaderach of the Eastern Mennonite school of peace building. It is assumed that this goes beyond conflict resolution to build longer standing relationships and the conditions that created the conflict, the process of change in perceptions and attitudes of parties, their relationships and perceptions. Miall etal (2001). Conflict transformation entails the coming into being of new situations involving conflict issues, perceptions relationships and communication pattern (Jeong, 2000). According to John ledorah (1995) sees conflict transformation as change. It can be descriptively in the change created by social conflict, and prescriptive in the deliberate intervention by third parties to create change. Conflict transformation takes place at different levels and has a number of dimensions. At the personal level, it involves emotional, perceptual and spiritual aspects of change desired for the individual. It also affects relationship touching on communication between parties that needs to change to positively affect poorly functioning communication. Change also needs to affect structures that generate conflict through deprivation, exclusion and other forms of injustice. It also seeks to understand cultural patterns and values. 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: The challenge for conflict management theory is to study real problems in the world rather them just deal with cases. In the issues in practice section a number of topics that confront theoretical and practitioners on all levels of activity are introduced and analyzed in view of the theoretical approaches. Most of these issues are answers to problems that span across the entire field of conflict management, or cross cutting agendas that have to be dealt with in order for the theoretical approaches to truly tackle the reality of conflicts. It involves evaluating the effectiveness of conflict management as well as its readiness to deal with new problems and new issues, such as terrorism. Organizational conflict can be many and varied the most common causes are the following: 1. Scarcity of resources (finance, equipment, facilities)etc. 2. Different attitude, values or perceptions. 3. Disagreements about needs, goals, priorities and interest 4. Poor communication. 5. Poor or inadequate organizational structure. 6. Lack of team work. 1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1. Does management decision, policy and organizational chart cause conflict among workers in an organization? 2. Does poor motivation and management of personal lead to conflict in an organization? 3. Does the blatant exhibition of personal differences by management in the bid to distribution themselves from organization lead to conflict? 4. Does management of conflict lead to conflict transformation? 5. How does conflict resolution lead to increase in productivity? 6. Is there any relationship between conflict management and conflict transformation? 1.4 HYPOTHESIS: In order to guide the major activities of this project under study and based on research question, highlighted above, the researcher from the research questions decided to formulate the following research hypothesis. Ho: that there is a relationship between inappropriate selection of managers with good leadership qualities and conflict in an organization. H1: there is no relationship between inappropriate selection of managers with good leadership qualities and conflict in an organization. 1.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: The objective of the study are: 1. To identify the nature and characteristics of organizational conflict. 2. To examine the current strategies adopted in managing organizational conflict. 3. To determine the effect of organizational conflict. 4. To reveal the short falls and prospects of the current strategies adopted. 1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: A conflict arises when individuals have varied interest opinions and through processes and are just not willing to compromises with each other. It is always wise to adjust to some extent and try to find a solution to the problem rather than cribbing and fighting. Conflicts and disagreements only lead to negativity and things never reach a conclusion. It only adds on to the tensions and spoils your reputation. Every individual should try his level best to avoid conflict at the first place rather than resolving it later. Precautions must be taken at the right time to avoid a conflict. This research aims at finding the benefits of conflict management, to the organization society, government and academics: 1. Conflict management prevents fall out between organizations society government stress free. Blame game never helps anyone, instead it makes life miserable. No idea can ever be implemented it the individuals fight among themselves. 2. Through conflict management skills an individual explores all the possible reasons to worry which might. Later lead to a big problems and tries to resolve it as soon as possible. 3. Stress disappears, people feel motivated, happy and the world definitely become a much better place to stay as a result of conflict management. 4. Conflict management avoids conflict a great extent and thus also reduce the stress and tension of the employees. No one likes to carry his tensions back home and if you fight with your colleagues and other people, you are bound to feel uncomfortable and restless even at home. 1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY: This study is restricted to finding the real causes of conflict in an organization (eduation sector) case study of SIAT limited Rivers state. Its effect on productivity and profitability enhancement. Beside recommending possible ways of managing conflict in an organization, hence actions management can takes to deal directly with conflict in the organization without personnel to mention but a few. This study does not cover conflict resolution or management outside the corporation world like in a political arena social clubs or gathering communities states or nation as a whole which are other area interact arm or SIAT limited (River State) line would definitely constitute sub-optimality as they are colored by unnecessary bias and prejudice which is not to the benefit of the organization. 1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY: The researchers in the process of carrying out the research encountered the following constraints. 1. Lack of finance and time and combing it with school work. 2. Non disclosure of required information by the respondents. 3. Error in interpreting and recording answers. 4. Sampling procedure. 5. Non response error 6. Lack of research equipments like computer contributed to slowing down the pace. He pace of the research. 7. Scanty information base. 8. Inadequate statistics 9. Lack of mobility/mobilization of interviewers, inadequate personnel to be interviewed. | ABSTRACT Instructional materials enhance the teaching/learning process by exhibiting information necessary to acquire knowledge and skills. The acquisition of basic vocational knowledge, skills and attitudes to facilitate occupational efficiency requires skill oriented teaching and learning activities. Over the years, the poor performance of students in public examinations has been blamed on the wrong choice of teaching methods by teachers. Teaching and learning activities have a lot to do with other variables, such as instructional materials, school environment variables, students? factors and so on. In this study, instructional material utilization is the main focus in order to determine their effects on the performance of the students. Instructional materials are the devices developed or acquired to assist or facilitate teachers in transmitting, organized knowledge skills and attitudes to the learners within an instructional situation. Teachers use different instructional materials to motivate learning. The success in the skill and knowledge acquisition in an instructional situation depends on the suitability of the instructional material, adequacy and effective utilization of the available materials. Also, the relevance of instructional materials to the objective of the lesson and the ease of use of the instructional materials are serious considerations in instructional materials utilization to better the learner?s performance. The role of instructional materials in the teaching/learning process cannot be overemphasized. They facilitate and encourage self-study or independent study in students. The finding of this study has shown that inadequate use or lack of use of instructional materials in the teaching/learning situation (lecture method) negates the objective of teaching. Teachers who do not make use of instructional materials hide in the cover of none supply of the teaching resources. Therefore, as a matter of policy implementation, the governments at all levels should supply regularly standardized instructional materials, some useful hard and soft ware?s for use in schools. The vocational, technology and science teachers should be trained retrained and exposed regularly to make them to be up to date in the effective selection and utilization of instructional materials for effective teaching. |
| Abstract The paper discussed the causes, the suitability of health education in the control of communicable disease spread in Nigeria industrial diseases among pre-school age children (1-5 years). It focuses on the pre-school age children because of the existence of six killer diseases and the peculiarity of children's level of exposure to communicable diseases especially during the outdoor game. Recommendations were made on management and control of communicable diseases. These include public enlightenment, proper hygiene of food, the environment and the general body. | CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In the early centuries cooperative societies have been in existence This is to say that they started even before the creation of the Earth. There was cooperation between the holy spirits or trimly ( that is God the father God the son and God the holy spirit) which led to the achievement of the creation of the world. This was as a result of certain factors. In addition at the time of the stone age men and the wonders there was need for cooperation. This occurred at the agricultural sector through it was limited within families. After some time things begins to improved and it came a time when there was communal farming system. This occurred because of certain factors and because there is need for it. Further more countries began to relate in businesses exchanging goods and services from one country to another or from one state to among countries. Certain factors gave rise to that because there is need for it. That is to say that nothing achieving can come into existence without needs for it or without needs for it or without certain factors which must have led to it indeed these factors leading to cooperation among people states. Countries and the world at large are not for fetch but are those desires that needs to be satisfied or measured. These factors as put under this introductory section can be either positive or negative. 1.1 STATEMENT OF THE FACTORS As indicated earlier the factors that can influence the establishment of cooperatives can either be positive or negative. These factors as well differs from state to state country to country etc. But the most important is the type of cooperative or its members involved in its operations. In recent times a lot of persons and scholars have tried to talk on the factors that can influence the establishment of cooperates. This is because slot of people and to their own understanding has failed to understand what these factors are .rather they often mistake it for motives. So to say these worlds are two different things altogether. At the later side of this project the difference between factors and motives well be talked on. However in Owerri L.G.A Imo state there are a lot of factors that can influence cooperative establishment. According to Mr L.M. Ejwnye (principal register of cooperatives Imo state) he said that the factors that influence cooperative establishment in Owerri L.G.A Imo state . In essence this factors are those things needs or desires or even set back that has led to identifications of needs there by organizing together for the purpose of establishment. Despite these factors that has led to the establishment of cooperatives a lot of these cooperative society still fails and closes up and this occurs as a result of certain factors as well. 1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY This academic exercise is meant to appraise the feasibility of the factors that can influence the establishment of cooperatives and the socio-economic standard of cooperatives member and its society at large in Owerri L.G.A Imo state. These factors are as follow; a. To know how these factors has helped cooperatives its members and generally the public at large. b. To know how these factors have led to the establishment of cooperatives in Owerri L.G.A. c. To know the number of cooperatives that has failed in Owerri L.G.A. d. To ascertain the number of cooperatives that are still in existence in Owerri L.G.A Imo state. e. To ascertain the achievement of cooperatives in the economy of Owerri L.G.A, Imo state. f. To bring foreword how much cooperatives has helped to reduce unemployment in Owerri L.G.A, Imo state g. To find on the problems militating against the establishment of cooperatives in Owerri L.G.A, Imo state. 1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Cooperatives have done a lot in the development of many countries or nations. In countries like Krael, Denmark, Sweden, India, Britain etc. cooperatives has played vital role in sectors like manufacturing distributions and even consummation. At the end of this research many people will find out the importance of cooperatives to human existence. This involves the above mentioned; a. The government both the federal state and local government. b. The society in general c. The cooperative section and d. The general academics 1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION a. What are the factors that can influence the establishment of cooperatives in Imo state ? b. In what ways can these factors really influence the establishment of cooperatives in Imo state? c. Are these f actors negative or positive d. What are those negative factors that can influence the establishment of cooperative in Imo state? e. As a result of these factors, how many cooperatives are viable in Imo state f. What are the likely causes that has led to their failure? 1.5 SCOPE OF STUDY The study covers the extent of those factors that can influence the establishment of cooperative society in Imo state . It went further discussing the importance or objectives of the cooperatives in Imo state. Also the factors that led leads to their failure. Further more the study covers an extent of cooperative that are viable and non viable societies in Imo state. 1.6 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY A lot of circumstances dismounted the extent of this research. One of the major circumstance is time which restricted the researchers from collecting and gathering materials from cooperative department (or in Road secretariat) Imo state. There was no time to collect other questionnaires sent out. Secondly finance was another constraint that restricted movement from various cooperative offices. Thirdly protocols in getting the right source to feed the researcher with useful information and details. I was striated from one area office to the other and from one zonal office to another and finally to the head quarters of cooperative department. Finally my school programmes was another major constraint that compelled my movement to be timely and limited. | |||
| Content | CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to the Study Education is a preparation for life. This is related to the acquisition of skills to earn a living. Today as always, the definition of education is the ever change and increasing in scope. Our schools are confronted with new pressures arising from changing needs with students; societal expectation, economic changes and technological advancement are to look into (Federal Ministry of Education, 2008). Ali (2002) believes that the word science stands for a variety of information, abilities and operations about the natural environment. He believes that science is more concerned with various investigative processes and activities with regards to developing, acquiring, and controlling knowledge, skills, attitudes and capabilities about the natural factors of the environment. According to Aniodoh (2009), science is a body of knowledge arrived at through systematic and procedural processes based on tentative observation and experiment. Biology as one of the science subject is defined as the study of life and structure of living things and concerns itself with the study of structure, behavior, distribution, the origin of plants and animals and their relationship with the environment. Abugu (2007) stated that biology is a natural science in which the study living organisms-plants and animals. Biology has been identified as the bedrock of understanding life, treating ailment and maintenance of ecosystem. However, it has been discovered that secondary school students have misplaced biology in their choice of subject on the basis that biology is too wide for them to cope with teacher have always been blamed for students poor performance in biology but should not be allowed to bear the whole blame alone, rather it should be looked at as a problem that has many contributory factors among which are teaching aids, students and government factors. The West African Examination Council (WEAC) and National Examination Council (NECO) among others syllabus on biology is structured using the conceptual apparatus. It is expected that with adequate exposure to the syllabus, the students will not only acquire scientific skill and attitudes, but will also demonstrate a thorough understanding of scientific concepts and then in providing practical solutions to real life problem (Bandele, 2003). Achievement test results over the years have shown an ever decreasing gap between the performances of Biology at senior secondary school level in Makurdi Local government Area of Benue State (Onekutu and Onekutu, 2002). Available statistics from West Africa Examination Council, WAEC Chief Examiners report that WAEC May/June 2016, a total of eight hundred and seventy eight thousand and forty (878,040) candidates, representing 52.97%, obtained credits in five (5) subjects and above, including English Language and Mathematics. There are varieties of materials which the Biology teachers use. These resources are models, charts, preserved specimens of plants and animals, culturing equipment and microscope (Olagunju, 2000). The resources should be provided in quality and quantity in classroom for effective teaching-learning process (Umeoduagu, 2000). Josiah and Ali (2013) in an empirical study, revealed that essential facilities such as equipment like radio, television, computers, chemicals, specimens, videos tape, stave, Bunsen burners, models and charts are not available in schools. This inadequacy of teaching materials, laboratory, space, has been of serious concern to educators. According to Ajewole and Okebukola (2000), a number of factors are said to have contributed to the students poor academic achievement in school, some of these factors include: poor study habits and lack of available resource materials, teachers ineffectiveness, the teaching method and the type of learning environment available for both the students and the teachers. From the authors view, the poor performance of students in Biology may be a reflection of the type of learning environment. Â The authors stress that a host of these factors may surround students poor achievement in school which may include: poor study habits and lack of available resource materials, poor school climate, indiscipline, inadequate facilities, teachers ineffectiveness, the teaching method and the type of learning environment available for both the students and the teachers. From the authors view, the poor performance of students in primary school may be a reflection of the type of learning environment. Obaka (2005) observed that school environment may have negative influence on students academic achievement especially if such environment lacks good school climate, instructional materials, discipline, physical facilities, has poor teacher quality, type of location of school is questionable. The decline in performance in science Technology and Mathematics (STM) may be unconnected with poor learning environment created by this state of infrastructural facilities Akinsola (2000). Â Mapaderun (2002) also emphasized that the availability and adequacy of these facilities promote effects teaching and learning activities in schools while there in adequacy affects the academic have performance negatively. Several efforts have been extended by science Teachers Association of Nigeria (STAN) to train secondary school teachers on improvisation techniques in various on science subject including Biology; hence there is need to valuable how far teachers have been able to improvise instructional material for effective teaching | CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM IN EACH BACKGROUND Introduction Lack of classroom materials is one of the problems that our public school has. Because of these problems, teachers are spending their own money in buying materials that will sustain the productivity of the classroom. Lack of classroom materials has a big impact in the process of Teaching and Learning. Through this problem teaching learning process will not become productive and conducive. Classrooms lack basic materials that the teacher need. Many classroom lacks of enough books, art supplies and technology to provide same instruction offered at schools with greater resources. Lack of books translates into an inability for students to take books for homework. Lack of classroom materials is a negative cycle. Without materials, the work doesn?t get done, and without the work there is little incentive to buy into school at all supplies don?t get purchased. ?Everything sends a message. When school doesn?t have supplies, the message is that the students are not important people doing important work. Our students already have doubts about their importance and the value of school. The children without pencil learn to pretend that they don?t care about being prepared, but it is clearly a source of stress. When you?ve lost your last pencil, it?s hard not to feel like a loser. Conversely, having a pencil to lend is a social plus. I have purchased countless supplies for mystudent over the years. Receiving these things from a teacher feels special to students. It?s a practical and tangible expression of care and affection?. Said by Lynn Yellen. It means that these problem calls an attention to our government. We must be a resourceful teacher to find out alternate solution. In this case we are the one who provides the materials that are not available to maintain a learning environment of the classroom. Elementary teachers spend more of their own money on materials and resources than middle and high school teacher. This is because they do more hands on activities that involve the construction paper, paint, glue, and much more. Teachers already aren?t the most paid workers, but they spend the most money out of their pocket. This is true dedication. They see the need that these students need. Teachers are taking away from their selves and their family to pay for your students. They are provided the supplies that your children need and the parents aren?t picking up the slack. When the economy is in a recession like it is now, the schools systems are lacking more and more. Teachers today are buying supplies for their student in order for their student to get the best education that they believe that their students deserve. This research will be an avenue for the reader to know the lack of school supplies in the school. The students? personal school supplies and the teachers? access to supplies are both included in this research. I want to discuss how by not having certain school supplies the students are not receiving the best possible education that they could be. I choose this topic as my main focus for my research because I am studying to be a teacher and to know the effects of it happening. This topic is very dear to me and I see the effects on the students. I hope to influence all who read my research to think about helping the school system and how one supply in the school could change the learning experience for a student. I suggest in this problem is to have a Teacher Mini Grants Program. In this program or charitable it gives a funds for them to buy the needed classroom materials. In a practical way our government should focus on this issue and to find solution in this problem. So we can be able to have a quality education. Statement of the Problem The General Problem of this study; How does lack of school supplies affect Teaching LearningProcess? Specifically the study will seek to answer the following question; 1. What are the condition of pupils in Kaypian Elementary School in facing lack of school supplies in terms of; 1.1 Books 1.2 Chairs 1.3 Visual aids 1.4 First aid kit 1.5 Technology 2. What is the level of the mode of manifestation of lack of school supplies as to; 2.1 Examination 2.2Performance 2.3 Interest 2.4 Otheroutputs 3. Is there a significant effect between lack of school supplies and the process of teaching and learning? Significance of the study The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of lack of school supplies in teaching learning process. The following will be benefited the study like students, parents, administrators, teacher and future researcher. Students are the most important person in teaching. Without students teaching learning process will not take place. Students are the one who receives information and knowledge on their teacher. But if the school is facing lack of school supplies, then education will not become market place of idea. Even we lack school supplies if the students are not listening to their teacher, then they cannot be able to learn. That?s why the teacher tells to his/her students to pass different materials like cartolina, Manila paper, colored paper etc. Through this strategy, lack of school supplies is being sustained with the help of his/her students. The students should know the importance of education. Even we encounter different problem in school like lack of school supplies. The students should have a right values and work, so they can gather lots of information. Parents are the one who provide the needs of her children. In school parents are monitoring the growth and development of their child. The parents can help the school by donating different instructional materials. In this way they are showing their support. The parents should know these problems. In a sense that they are aware that lacking of school supplies is the most problem that the school have. Through this way there are not just aware on their child?s performance but rather the school condition. It is important that they know this, so at least they can help the school in a simple way. These small things are a big help for the improvement of the school. The involvement of the parents to the teacher up to the school is an important matter that they should know. Administrators are the one who administer the school. The role of administrators is to know, the problems that the teacher encounter. Administrators are the one who make solution on a particular problem. A good administrator will lead to a good school. Even though we have good administrator, lack of school supplies is the hardest problem to solve. We know that we also lack funds to buy the needed materials in teaching. If the administrator will call help to other person, then this problem will be possible to solve. In this thing, the administrators are doing something to sustain the needs of the school. Administrators are the one who maintain the productivity of the school. That?s why they arecalledadministrators, because they are the one who leads the improvement of education in their school. Teachers are a key factor in teaching. Without teacher the learners will not gain and gather information. In this problem the teacher is the most affected person. If the teacher is a resourceful person, then this problem will be solved. It is important that we us a teacher must make an alternate solution or ways on how to sustain our needs in teaching. Through this ways teaching learning process will become productive and conducive. The teacher is the one who buy materials that are not available in school. Teachers are spending their own money not just for the materials, but also the things of her pupils. Through this way the teacher are showing love and care to his/her students and to the profession that he/she have now. We know that classroom supplies are the important material in teaching. Without these materialslearning cannot take place. Future researcher is the one who gather and know the problems that he/she seen in a public school. The future researcher can use this study to become his/her guide in conducting research work. It is important that this study will know the future teachers, so they can easily embrace and accept teaching as their profession. Scope and Limitation The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of lack of school supplies in teaching learning process.The condition of pupils in Kaypian Elementary School in facing lack of school supplies in terms of books, chairs, visual aids, first aid kit and technology.The level of the mode of manifestation of lack of school supplies as to examination, performance, interest and other outputs. The respondent of the study is the grade five (V) of Kaypian Elementary School. The study will be conducted for five months (5) from November to March | Embodying the Raw, Wayward Spirit of Rock 'N' RollEmbodying the raw, wayward spirit of rock ‘n’ roll, the Kilburn portable active stereo speaker takes the unmistakable look and sound of Marshall, unplugs the chords, and takes the show on the road. Weighing in under 7 pounds, the Kilburn is a lightweight piece of vintage styled engineering. Setting the bar as one of the loudest speakers in its class, the Kilburn is a compact, stout-hearted hero with a well-balanced audio which boasts a clear midrange and extended highs for a sound that is both articulate and pronounced. The analogue knobs allow you to fine tune the controls to your personal preferences while the guitar-influenced leather strap enables easy and stylish travel.
What do you getSound of Marshall, unplugs the chords, and takes the show on the road. Weighing in under 7 pounds, the Kilburn is a lightweight piece of vintage styled engineering. Setting the bar as one of the loudest speakers in its class, the Kilburn is a compact, stout-hearted hero with a well-balanced audio which boasts a clear midrange and extended highs for a sound that is both articulate and pronounced. The analogue knobs allow you to fine tune the controls to your personal preferences while the guitar-influenced leather strap enables easy and stylish travel. The FM radio is perhaps gone for good, the assumption apparently being that the jury has ruled in favor of streaming over the internet. The IR blaster is another feature due for retirement – the S6 had it, then the Note5 didn’t, and now with the S7 the trend is clear.Perfectly DoneMeanwhile, the IP68 water resistance has improved from the S5, allowing submersion of up to five feet for 30 minutes, plus there’s no annoying flap covering the charging port
| CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction Back Ground of the study School health services are those services provided in schools by health educator; nurses, physicians; dentist and other health related workers like guidance counselors and social workers to health appraise, promote and protect the health of pupils and that of the personnel. Johnson (1991) observed that school health services are procedures established to: appraise the health status of pupils and school personnel, counsel pupils, parents and others concerning appraisal findings, carryout follow-up services, provide emergency care for injury or sudden illness,help prevent and control communicable diseases and encourage the correction of remedial defects. School health services are designed to determine the physical and emotional status of pupils, to prevent diseases and to secure the cooperation of parents and pupils, for correcting defects and maintenance of health (Mshelia, 1999), in contributing to the concept of school health services, Akinbile (1998) stated that school health services contribute to those school activities directly concerned with the present health status of the school child. Nwana (1988) regretted that what is referred to as school health services in Nigeria may be described as a farce while Kane (1997) noted that although special clinics were established for the welfare of pre-school children, the same cannot be said of the health of school children. Negligence of the school health services can be attributed to the unfounded assumption by Nigerians that once a Nigerian child attains school age be becomes immune to diseases. In Nigeria, Abiodum (1996) conducted a survey of 500 pupils aged between five and fifteen years in a small rural community and seventy five percent (75%) were found to suffer from mental morbidity, disturbances of emotional and conduct disorder constituted sixty seven percent (67%) of the total morbidity rate detected which made him to emphasize the need for a more functional school health services. The most basic functional aspect of school health services is the health appraisal of pupils. According to Freeman (1999), health appraisal involves the continuous and close observation of the school child and the teacher, while Turner, Bandall and Smith (1990) viewed health appraisal of pupils? health as a means that ensures, professional advice to pupils and their families on personal health as well as advice to the school on the adaptation of the school programme to the needs of pupils. Health appraisal should include dental inspection, screening tests for vision, hearing and speech, medical examination, health history and teacher?s observations. According to Tahir (1997), the population of Nomads in Nigeria is 9.3 million and that, out of the estimated population of 9.3 million nomadic people in Nigeria, 3.1 million are children of school age. In the view of Mshelia (1999), these nomadic children of school age do not enjoy good health for a long period of time because of the prevalence of numerous communicable disease, they suffer from multiple infestations and infections. Consequently, the morbidity rate is high among them and the major causes according to him are communicable diseases resulting from poor environmental conditions. Malnutrition, injuries and lack of general health supervision were also implicated in the high morbidity rate. Mshelia (1999) further stated that if school health programmes in nomadic primary schools were vigorously pursued, the incidence of high morbidity rate among school pupils would have been minimized to the barest minimum. From the foregoing, the present study is designed to evaluate the school health programme in nomadic primary schools in Southwestern Nigeria. 1.1 Statement of the Problem The health of primary school pupils is a matter of universal concern as children are the most precious assets any nation can have as their well-being reflects the future of the nation. The school age is a period in which the child undergoes rapid physical and mental development and this calls for a functional school health programme if the overall development of the child is to be achieved. Experts have revealed that nomadic primary school pupils at various times have suffered from communicable diseases, infections, injuries leading to death as a result of tetanus infection, dental caries, rashes, ill equipped first aid boxes for emergency care, reported cases of epidemics resulting from poor environmental conditions. Nomadic school pupils have not shown a high level of positive healthful practices and attitudes, which school health service is aimed to achieve. ISSN Mshelia (1999) asserted that the life expectancy of nomadic children is low due to high death rates, as they do not enjoy good health for a long period of time because of the prevalence of numerous communicable diseases. But if school health programmes in nomadic primary schools are adequately provided for and vigorously pursued, absenteeism in schools as well as high morbidity rates among pupils of nomadic primary schools would be minimized if not completely eradicated. However, from the foregoing, this study is set to evaluate the school health services in nomadic primary schools in Southwestern Nigeria. 1.2 Objectives of the study To create an environment in which countries and their international and national partners are better equipped, both technically and institutionally, to reduce morbidity death and disability through the control, eradication or elimination of these diseases as appropriate. To upgrade health education in Nigeria 1.3 Significance of the Study Since the establishment of the National Commission for Nomadic Education, available records show that the school health services component of the organization programme of activities has not been evaluated. It is envisaged therefore, that the outcome of this study will bring to light areas in the school health services in nomadic primary schools in Southwestern Nigeria that need intervention from the stakeholders (Federal, State, Local Government and Nomadic Communities) to improve on areas where there are lapses for a better school health services. The outcome of the study would also serve as a source of reference material to people who may be interested in similar areas of study in future. 1.4Research Hypotheses The following hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance: 1. Health appraisal is not significantly available for pupils in nomadic primary schools in Southwestern Nigeria. 2. Health guidance and counseling is not significantly available for pupils in nomadic primary schools in Southwestern Nigeria. 3. Follow-up services are not significantly available for pupils in nomadic primary schools in Southwestern Nigeria. 4. Emergency care and first aid is not significantly available for pupils in nomadic primary schools in Southwestern Nigeria. 5. Control of communicable diseases is not significantly carried out in nomadic primary schools in Southwestern Nigeria. 1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1. Does good health in Nigeria lead to effective crisis management in Owerri West. 2. Is it proper to invite a third party in setting crisis in Owerri West. 3. What are the roles of staff motivation towards crisis management 1.6 LIMITATION OF STUDY This research work in carried out in Nigeria and as a result it is limited from other countries | ||||
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