| Description | | CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In the early centuries cooperative societies have been in existence This is to say that they started even before the creation of the Earth. There was cooperation between the holy spirits or trimly ( that is God the father God the son and God the holy spirit) which led to the achievement of the creation of the world. This was as a result of certain factors.
In addition at the time of the stone age men and the wonders there was need for cooperation. This occurred at the agricultural sector through it was limited within families. After some time things begins to improved and it came a time when there was communal farming system. This occurred because of certain factors and because there is need for it.
Further more countries began to relate in businesses exchanging goods and services from one country to another or from one state to among countries. Certain factors gave rise to that because there is need for it. That is to say that nothing achieving can come into existence without needs for it or without needs for it or without certain factors which must have led to it indeed these factors leading to cooperation among people states. Countries and the world at large are not for fetch but are those desires that needs to be satisfied or measured. These factors as put under this introductory section can be either positive or negative.
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE FACTORS
As indicated earlier the factors that can influence the establishment of cooperatives can either be positive or negative. These factors as well differs from state to state country to country etc. But the most important is the type of cooperative or its members involved in its operations.
In recent times a lot of persons and scholars have tried to talk on the factors that can influence the establishment of cooperates. This is because slot of people and to their own understanding has failed to understand what these factors are .rather they often mistake it for motives. So to say these worlds are two different things altogether. At the later side of this project the difference between factors and motives well be talked on.
However in Owerri L.G.A Imo state there are a lot of factors that can influence cooperative establishment. According to Mr L.M. Ejwnye (principal register of cooperatives Imo state) he said that the factors that influence cooperative establishment in Owerri L.G.A Imo state .
In essence this factors are those things needs or desires or even set back that has led to identifications of needs there by organizing together for the purpose of establishment.
Despite these factors that has led to the establishment of cooperatives a lot of these cooperative society still fails and closes up and this occurs as a result of certain factors as well.
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This academic exercise is meant to appraise the feasibility of the factors that can influence the establishment of cooperatives and the socio-economic standard of cooperatives member and its society at large in Owerri L.G.A Imo state. These factors are as follow;
a. To know how these factors has helped cooperatives its members and generally the public at large.
b. To know how these factors have led to the establishment of cooperatives in Owerri L.G.A.
c. To know the number of cooperatives that has failed in Owerri L.G.A.
d. To ascertain the number of cooperatives that are still in existence in Owerri L.G.A Imo state.
e. To ascertain the achievement of cooperatives in the economy of Owerri L.G.A, Imo state.
f. To bring foreword how much cooperatives has helped to reduce unemployment in Owerri L.G.A, Imo state
g. To find on the problems militating against the establishment of cooperatives in Owerri L.G.A, Imo state.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Cooperatives have done a lot in the development of many countries or nations. In countries like Krael, Denmark, Sweden, India, Britain etc. cooperatives has played vital role in sectors like manufacturing distributions and even consummation.
At the end of this research many people will find out the importance of cooperatives to human existence. This involves the above mentioned;
a. The government both the federal state and local government.
b. The society in general
c. The cooperative section and
d. The general academics
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION
a. What are the factors that can influence the establishment of cooperatives in Imo state ?
b. In what ways can these factors really influence the establishment of cooperatives in Imo state?
c. Are these f actors negative or positive
d. What are those negative factors that can influence the establishment of cooperative in Imo state?
e. As a result of these factors, how many cooperatives are viable in Imo state
f. What are the likely causes that has led to their failure?
1.5 SCOPE OF STUDY
The study covers the extent of those factors that can influence the establishment of cooperative society in Imo state . It went further discussing the importance or objectives of the cooperatives in Imo state. Also the factors that led leads to their failure.
Further more the study covers an extent of cooperative that are viable and non viable societies in Imo state.
1.6 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
A lot of circumstances dismounted the extent of this research. One of the major circumstance is time which restricted the researchers from collecting and gathering materials from cooperative department (or in Road secretariat) Imo state. There was no time to collect other questionnaires sent out.
Secondly finance was another constraint that restricted movement from various cooperative offices.
Thirdly protocols in getting the right source to feed the researcher with useful information and details. I was striated from one area office to the other and from one zonal office to another and finally to the head quarters of cooperative department. Finally my school programmes was another major constraint that compelled my movement to be timely and limited. |
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| CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background to the study
Education is the most important instrument of change and resources development. it is much more than mere training and mere knowledge of facts. The real essence of education is the transmission of values and ideas that are meant to be internalize. Accepting the recommended worth-while values as defined by the National Policy on Education (2004 edition), the Federal Government purposes that education should be a means of achieving creativity, self-reliance and independence of mind, nationalistic outlook and freedom from mental colonization.
The above fundamental issues of education are neither peculiarly Nigerian nor the twentieth century only. But, in a rapidly changing world with its complex and complicated educational phenomena, people who are concerned with educational development have been offering solutions to the ever-intriguing issues of education.
Teachers are often accused of ?over verbalization?. By this, we mean the excessive use of words to convey meanings. Unfortunately, many teachers love to hear the sound of their voices so much so that thy often forget to consider whether or not their students are really understanding and enjoying whatever they are (i.e the teachers) saying. The problem is that many teachers tend to talk too much without really saying anything. Others tend to ?talk at? their students instead of tending to ?talk with? them. Thus, they keep on talking regardless of student non-verbal signals that they are bored or even completely lost. Because of the development of modern technology, teachers no longer have to rely solely on words to make their meaning clear. There is a great variety of materials around us that can be used to make our meaning more vivid and more interesting. These resources may be of four main types namely; natural, human, material and institutional as opined by Stella, Abeke and Abiodun (2000). These materials are often referred to as Instructional materials as much as they are used to supplement or complement the teachers? tasks.
Some educationists define instructional materials in the following ways listed below: ?any material brought into the classroom for the purpose of lesson presentation to help or facilitate the teaching effort of the teacher and help the occurrence of learning in the pupils (students) (Akande 2002).
According to Ajelabi (2002), Instructional materials is defined as ?A collection of teaching-learning materials that constitute an integral component of an instructional process and are utilized in delivering educational information to the process and are utilized in delivering educational information to the learners. Akinleye (1997), explains that many educational technologists see instructional materials as materials, devices and resources used in learning situation to supplement the written and spoken words I the transmission of knowledge, attributes, ideas or concept and values. He further states that they are things or objects brought into play to emphasize clarity, strengthen, and vitalize the teachers? instructions. From the definitions quoted above, there is a string that attaches them. That is the fact that instructional materials serve as supplement and compliment to the normal process of instructions. According to Ajelabi (2000), they vary from very simple and inexpensive ones such as chalkboard, flat pictures, diagrams, illustrations, and maps to more complicated and expensive ones like the television, mini-projectors, slides, and filmstrip projectors.
All of these point to the fact that instructional materials are the pillar of effective teaching in schools. Teaching is not result-oriented without them. Virtually, all professions require making use of materials to be able to carry out their duties effectively. Teaching profession is not an exception. However, the mere uses of these materials do not guarantee effective communication nor effective teaching. It is their careful selection and skillful handling by the teachers that render them useful in facilitating learning. It is therefore important, for teachers, especially at the beginning to become familiar with the various types of instructional materials as well as the values that can be derived from their proper use. It is also necessary for teachers to have a working knowledge of their proper use. It is also necessary for teachers to have a working knowledge of the criteria to be used in selecting and evaluating them and the principles underlying their effective use .Granted that instructional materials are very useful to effective teaching and learning, however, they are lacking in our schools. Stella, Abeke and Abiodun (2000) in their book, Teaching Effectiveness in Nigerian Schools, gave a brief re-cap of what led to this: ?In the 1970?s Nigeria witnessed a period of economic boom, hence it was possible for schools to acquire some instructional materials for teaching. The prevailing economic depression, coupled with the prohibitive cost of materials call for resourcefulness and creativity of teachers.
The assertion of the above quotation is that because of the prevailing economic depression in Nigeria, the government and the schools have not been able to do much in providing the adequate amount of instructional materials needed in schools. To confirm this requires a visit to many of the schools in the community. Onyene (2005) during such a visit observed that ?There were dilapidated buildings?. The compounds were dirty ?. There was no duster seen in some classrooms. Most of the teachers were not using instructional materials in their classrooms. There were no provisions for visual-aids to make teaching effective. The solution according to Abiodun et al (2000) is that teachers need to be resourceful and creative. For teachers to meet up with this challenge, they need to improvise. The big question is: What is Improvisation?
Improvisation simply implies the method of providing alternatives or substitutes to ready-made materials. It involves the use of locally and readily available materials for providing makeshift for the factory-made materials (Adesanya 2000). From the above definition and what is said about the Nigeria economy earlier, it implies that ?what operates in the country should not be taken as an excuse for the decline in teachers? productivity. ?According to the Nigerian Educator Times (2004), teachers need to improvise instructional materials. It is against this background that this project will therefore survey the extent of such improvisation and the types in schools in Lagos State.
1.2 Statements of the Problem
All educators know the importance of instructional materials but the truth of the water is that they are lacking in schools in Nigeria. The government is not liming up to its responsibility when it comes to providing the necessary instructional materials, them creating the problem of inadequate instructional materials in schools. The government also fails to make a conscious effort to make available adequate training programme that will emphasize the alternative-improvisation.
Ogunranti (2001) stated another problem ?this apathy appears also to have been reinforced by the negative attitude of some educational administrators to the provision of instructional aids (materials) for use in schools. Among the other factors, that he mentioned which militate against the integration of instructional materials with the classroom instructional processes in Nigeria include:
1. Insufficient funds to equip schools;
2. Instructional materials neglected in the curriculum planning ;
3. Lack of adequately-trained personnel.
This present study therefore attempts to survey the extent and types of instructional materials being improvised by all and finding in the school system.
1.3 The Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this study is to:
1. Survey the extent and types of instructional materials provided by the government;
2. Determine the extent and the types of instructional materials that teachers actually improvise with their students;
3. study the effect of instructional materials usage in the teaching and learning situation;
4. Examine the extent and the types of instructional materials that the school administration can improvise;
5. Investigate the extent and the types of instructional materials that can be improvised by the students and their parents.
1.4 Research Questions
This study will provide answers to the following research questions:
1. To what extent have the government been able to provide instructional materials to schools in Lagos State?
2. How well have schools administrators been responding to improvisation of instructional materials in Secondary Schools in Lagos State?
3. What types of instructional materials do students help to improvise?
4. To what extent do students participate in the improvisation of instructional materials
5. To what extent do teachers improvise instructional materials in your school?
6. What are the types or instructional materials available in your school?
1.5 Significance of the study
It is hoped that that result of this study would provide useful insight into the improvisation of the appropriate instructional materials.
For one thing, improvisation stimulates creativity. In view of this, both the teachers and the teachers and the students will benefit. Taking a due from this study, they will be more resourceful and this will give them confidence min manipulation the materials effectively.
The government will also benefits, in that they will realize that improvisation in the permanent solution to the importation of instructional materials. Imported instructional materials could be prohibitive to the government and most schools due to the exchange rate of our currency. But, the improvisation of these materials in cost effective. Most of these materials needed are around us. We can derive them from our community resources. The resources that can be used as Instructional materials way be of four types namely: natural, human, material and institutional (Abiodun et al 2000)
In addition, curriculum developers will also learn from this study that they need to encourage the user of local teaching aids made available through improvisation instead of the imported ones. Considering the implication of cultural differences, most of the imported instructional materials are meant for another cultural setting. So they may not achieve completely the teachers objectives as background experience and illustrations in such materials differ from one place to another.
Conclusively, the maintenance of the imported instructional materials may pose some problems due to ill-trained or inadequate personnel. Whereas, making use of local instructional materials that are improvised may not require too much expertise because the materials are familiar to the end users.
1.6 Scope of the Study
This study will cover ten secondary schools selected in three local government areas of Lagos ?state. There are listed below:
Ikorodu Local Government Area
1. Oriiwu Model College, Ikorodu.
2. United High school, Ikorodu
3. Ikorodu high School, Ikorodu
Kosofe local Government Area
4. Ifako Comprehensive high School, Ifako
5. Ogugu grammar school, Ogudu
6. Ojota secondary school, Ojota
7. Christ Apolostic High School, Ketu
Mushin Local government Area.
8. Mushin comprehensive High school, Mushin
9. Oduduwa secondary school, Ladipo, Mushin
10. new state Secondary school, Olorunsojo, Mushin
This study will focus on the improvisation of material resources.
1.7 Definition of terms
Improvisation: The process whereby teachers students o the school administrators construct materials for teaching to supplement the written and spoken activities of the teachers.
Over-verbalization: This means the excessive use of words to convey meaning. During a teaching and learning situation in which the teachers continues to talk without carrying the students along.
Talk with: this is the opposite of ?talk at? The teaching in this situation will be an interactive one between the teacher and the students | ABSTRACT
This study, The Influence of Home Movies on the Dressing Patterns of Students of Tertiary Institutions in Abia state, notes that home movies mediate in the culture of students of tertiary institutions in Abia state especially as it relates to their dressing patterns. Research has shown that, Movies, like books, are important medium of cultural transmission and socialization. Thus, the concern on media Influence has led to the development of different communication theories in an attempt to explain the relationship between communication messages and their Influence on the respondent. The thrust of this work was therefore, to examine the Influence that home movies have on the dressing patterns of students of tertiary institutions in Abia state. The survey research method was adopted, with a sample size of 400. The questionnaire was the research instrument for the collection of data. Findings showed that home movies celebrate African values in their dress patterns. This is in contrast with the obvious practice in Western and foreign movies where the contemporary trend is in the swap of roles between the male and the female gender as manifested in the swap of dress culture. This shows that home movies have Influence on the pattern of dressing of students of tertiary institutions in Abia State. The study recommends among other things that the home movies industry should use their medium to promote the very rich cultural values of Nigeria and Africa. More so, the Tourism industry should cash in on the large audience that the entertainment sector is drawing, to re-brand, package and present the good image of Nigeria as a country of economic opportunities and decent moral values | ABSTRACT
This project is on Effects of overpopulation on the academic performance of students in government secondary schools in Owerri municipal council of Imo state. It is designed to identify the factors that contribute to the increase in students' population, find out the students - teacher ratio in government secondary schools and also the impact of the increase on the academic performance of students. A descriptive survey design was used, while the population of the study consists of government owned secondary schools in Owerri educational zone. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the four (4) schools out of the nine (9) schools in the zone. The four secondary schools selected have a total population of five thousand five hundred and thirty (5530) students and eighty (80) teachers. The sample size consists of five hundred and fifty four (554) students and eight (8) teachers. Data were represented in a tabular form. A closed format questionnaire with four points likert rating scale was used for data collection, and the mean score were used in analyzing the responses of the research questions. As a result of this research work it was found out that the students - teacher ratio in government secondary schools is between 55 - 60 students per teacher. Some recommendations were made, which include that the ministry of education should give quota on the students enrolment in government secondary schools in order to reduce the number of students per teacher, and infrastructural facilities should be provided to the schools in rural areas in order to avoid
students' migration to the urban areas. |
| Content | ABSTRACT
Education is a veritable tool for the survival and continuity of a people as a distinct group capable of asserting their identity according to Akume, G.T 2004. Orhungur 1990 maintained, the task of education belongs to the entire community where certain agencies are charged with the responsibility. Before the advent of Western education, the traditional society educational role was mainly handled by the home and family. However, modern civilization has changed the status quo by formalizing and institutionalizing the process of education. The school now serves as an institution established with the primary responsibility of educating the society members. UNICEF reports 2004 pointed out, education enhances development. According to UNICEF, as enrollment in schools increases, so does the gross domestic product per capital, Government having recognized this fact that the child is a tomorrow, leader, places high premium on the Nigerian child. If the youths are not properly groomed, the nation is potentially at the verge of doom. And for the plight of the child to be properly catered for, the commitment for the child is formally enshrined in the convention on the rights of the child CRC and the document abhors all forms of discrimination/deprivation and promotes equality of opportunity, irrespective of sex in all spheres of life including education. The article 28 of CRC prescribes that the child has a right to education and the states duty is to ensure that education is free and compulsory. Despite the declaration, and the endorsement of the convention of the rights of the child CRC by various member states Nigeria inclusive also attempts to make educational opportunities accessible, the Nigerian child has continued to be deprived of their opportunity which holds key to human development. The status and role of the family constantly thwarts government efforts, hence the family plays an important role in the education of the child. Parents have large and unmanageable family sizes thereby rationing educational opportunities among the children. This result in the deprivation of other children access to education which is a violation of the child's right. In Vandeikya Local Government area of Benue state, large family sizes have continued to frustrate government efforts and deprive the child access to education. For the Nigerian child to realize her full potentials and be equipped for tomorrows responsibility, irrespective of his/her family status should adopt small family size so as to be economically capable of meeting their children educational needs. | | Embodying the Raw, Wayward Spirit of Rock 'N' Roll
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1.1 Background of study
The value of home movies as a medium of mass communication is esteemed all over the world. In Nigeria there are over one million audiences of home movies films who are affected in one way or another, by the subjects treated in Nigerian home movies. These movies portray message that have Influence on the viewers, mostly, their mode of dressing.
Movies hold a very special place in the culture of a people. ?Movies, like books, are a culturally special medium...an important medium of cultural transmission. (Baran, 2009:75). Studies show that movies contribute to socialization and the transmission of culture (Baran, 2009; Daramola, 2007).
Research has shown that there exists a relationship between the mass media and social ills and other behavoural and attitudinal change in the society. For instance, the media are attributed considerable power to shape opinion and belief, change habits, and actively moulding behaviour and imposing political system even against resistance.
In discussing the Influence of home movies on the dressing pattern of students of tertiary institutions in Abia State, it is imperative to mention discourses on media influence. This is because, home movies are a mode of media transmission. In all of researches, the area of media Influence appears to be the most contentious. For one, if the media have no Influence on the society. Is there any realistic justification for their continued existence? For another, if the media do have influences on the thought process and attitude of mankind, should they take responsibility for the emergent foibles and discomfitures of man in the society?
The concern on media Influence has led to the development of different communication theories. This is an attempt to explain the relationship between communication messages and their Influences on the respondent.
O?Rork (2006) and Wogu (2008) argue that audiences are more likely to emulate models of behavior seen on the media if they expect to receive gratification from emulating another person Behaviour is influenced not only by personal or live models but by those presented in the mass media?. (O? Rork, 2006:72)
Analyses on media Influence continue to show that the media have Influence on the pattern of behaviour of its audience. (Uwakwe, 2010; Okunna, 1999 and Okoye 1993).
Okunna, opines that because of their special power to affect the way people think, feel and behave, the mass media have been credited with incredible persuasive ability to change attitude and behaviour (1999:161). Culturally, this media Influence could be in the area of language, behavioural response, pattern of eating and dressing.
Since it has been established that film is a mass medium, it is proposed in this study that the home movie genre, which is the Nigerian local or indigenous films have Influence on the pattern of dressing of students of tertiary institutions in Abia State . This supposition is hinged on the fact that home movies have gained wide followerªship among students of tertiary institutions in Abia State, especially the youths.
The home movie genre has come a long way in Nigeria. Akpan (2002) notes that the arrival of film in Nigeria came with the colonial government that established a film unit as part of the information department. And this was inherited by Nigeria after independence and became part of the ministry of information. However, as Akpan notes further, the production of feature films in movie film format began in Nigeria in the late 1980s.
Studies show that, the home movie, Living in bondage, released in 1992, set the stage for the Nigerian indigenous home movie, popularly known as Nollywood. This industry has continued to grow and explode to greater proportion such that it has pushed foreign media off the shelves of movie rental shops across Nigeria and other parts of Africa. (Uwakwe, 2010). Thus, Nollywood is the household name for Nigerian movie industry and which by definition, means Nigeria?s movie industry by Nigerian production team for the Nigerian audience.
This study utilizes the theory on media Influences on pattern of behaviour and attitude change and thus examines the Influence of home movie on the dressing pattern of students of tertiary institutions in Abia State.
1.2 Statement of Problem
Home movies are veritable tools of mass communication, which cut across
national and cultural boundaries with wide and fast distributing networks internationally. Home movies are seen as source of entertainment and education, as well as conduit for promoting Nigerian culture. Thus cultural transmission is a major role of the home movies.
In the face of media imperialism by foreign media and the over shadowing of Nigeria?s cultural values and manifests, it becomes important to examine the home movies to ascertain if it is influencing the dressing pattern of these students of tertiary institution in Abia State.
An examination of some of the home movies will reveal that they portray nudity while some of the movies portray costumes that reflect the rich Nigerian culture, manifest in her traditional mode of dressing. Media and cultural researchers have noted that dressing is a manifest reflection of a people?s culture.
In the face of these challenges, it becomes necessary to examine how the home movies Influence the dressing pattern of students of tertiary institutions in Abia State. Such discovery is imperative since it will guide the policy makers where necessary especially if it is found that the Influence is negative and detrimental to Nigerian?s cultural objective and values. Positive Influence however, will be such that promotes pride in Nigeria?s values and seeks to retain her rich culture as against preference for western pattern of dressing and nudity or indecent dressing.
1.3 Objectives of study
This study aims at discovering the Influence of home movies on the dressing pattern of students tertiary institutions in Abia State. Its objectives include:
? To examine if home movies have Influence on the dressing pattern of students in tertiary institutions in Abia State.
? To determine the nature of the Influence on these students.
? To find out if the Influence are positive or negative
? To elucidate the factors responsible for these influences.
? To explore the students? perception of dress pattern on home movies.
1.4 Research Questions
? Do home movies have any Influence on students of tertiary institutions in Abia
State?
? What type of Influence do students have on home movies dressing pattern?
? Is the Influence negative or positive?
? What factors necessitate these Influences?
? How do these students perceive dress pattern on home movies?
1.5 Significance of Study
This study is relevant for the following reasons:
It will determine the type of Influence that home movies have on the dressing pattern of students in tertiary institutions and thus guide policy makers and regulatory agencies in providing protection against the production and exposure to movies that negate Nigeria?s cultural values.
The study will provide a framework for the fight against media and cultural imperialism where it is discovered that the home movie industry is serving as a stooge.
Finally, the study will be beneficial to students and mass media students because it will expose them to the theory on the Influences that could be exerted via the media.
1.6 Scope of the Study
Studies on media Influence show that there are various behavioural and
attitudinal Influences that could be exerted by the media- vis-a-vis home movies. However, this study restricts it self to the Influence on patterns of dressing on of students of tertiary institution in Abia State. Other behavoural or attitudinal characteristics that could subsequently be investigated on, include, home movies Influence on pattern of speech; pattern of language; pattern of love and relationship, etc.
1.7 Definition of Terms
Home movies: This is any pre-recorded media films played and viewed by people
with their movie players in their homes or movie clubs. These films are viewed with the aid of a TV set which is connected to the movie machine. They are recorded on movie tape, disc or DVD.
Pattern of dressing: This is refers to the choice or type of dressing or clothing preferred by a certain group of people.
Students in tertiary institutions: These are post secondary school students in
polytechnics, colleges of education and universities.
Influence: This is the impact some thing or someone has on something or some one else. This could be positive or negative.
Tertiary Institutions: These are post secondary institutions of higher learning in Abia State. | CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
This project is on Effects of overpopulation on the academic performance of students in government secondary schools in Owerri municipal council of Imo state. According to the Federal Ministry of Education, as at 2004, the population of Nigeria secondary schools stood at one hundred and eighteen thousand, two hundred (118200) secondary schools while that of Imo state showed a total number of two hundred and five (205). Owerri Municipal council had about seven (7) secondary schools, with a population of Seven thousand, six hundred and fifteen (7615) students. This figure when compared with that of 1999 which was inclusive according to Federal Ministry of Education was very high because during that period, it was so in order to attract Federal Government attention.
The present Nigerian population of secondary schools going by the above number is almost twenty one thousand, eight hundred and twenty eight (21828) secondary schools, with Imo state having three hundred and twelve (312) secondary schools and Owerri Municipal 9 government secondary schools.
According to the statistics department, Secondary Education Management Board (SEMB), there has been a rapid increase in the population of students in Owerri Education zone from seven thousand, six hundred and fifteen (7615) students to ten thousand, five hundred and seventy (10570) students. There is a constant increase in the population of secondary schools which runs contrary to the new encyclopedia Britannica, volume (A) assertion. Unlike population of insects, population rarely has been subject to explosive or collapsing numbers.
Overpopulation refers to a situation where the total number of people in an area exceeds the available resources. Overpopulation can also be defined as deficiency in resources development in relation to the available people Osuji (2008). This means existing resources can not march the immediate population number.
Evidence has shown that the population of students in urban schools is on the increase. The steady areas to enjoy recreational facilities, which keeps them busy after studying is one of the factors that contributes to overpopulation of secondary schools in urban areas.
Under population of secondary school in Nigeria has had a negative impact in the Nigeria educational sector, and the output is devastating in terms of loss of standard and its attendant results.
This situation of over population could be speculated to be speculated to be responsible for the untold hardship, corruption, social disorder, poor standard of living, crime etcetera. In this, there will be lower standard of education, inadequate instructional materials, production of poor or a few quality text books, congested classrooms and attendant education in characters (dropout as a product of the so called schools).
Statement of the Problem
Over the years, there has been an increase in the population of students in urban secondary schools. This has been consistent, without the attendant increase in facilities, teachers and infrastructure, etcetera. With the decline in the quality of education and output, it therefore becomes imperative to find out whether the increase in population of students' directly affect their academic performance and identify the causes of increase in population of students in government secondary schools in Owerri educational zone and what could be done to remedy the situation.
Purpose of the Study
The main purpose of the study is to ascertain the impact of overpopulation on academic performance of government secondary students specifically, the study intends to:
1. Identify the students - teacher ratio in government secondary schools.
2. Identify the causes of increase in students' population in government secondary school.
3. Find out the impact of the increase in students population in government secondary schools on the academic performance of students.
4. Make recommendations on how to curtail increase in students' population.
Significance of the Study
This study will be of immense benefit to students, teachers, educational planners, government and society at large.
For the students, it will motivate and increase their willingness to attend school and help improve their performance in school.
To the teachers, it will help improve abilities of the teacher to manage the classroom efficiently because reduction in the number of students encourages teacher - students' relationship and leads to effective and efficient academic performance.
To the education planners, it will be a guiding material to enable them check the population of students in relation to the available schools to accommodate them.
To the government, it will serve as a guide to identify the need to improve the infrastructure available for teaching and learning.
The study will be of great significance to the society at large as it will help produce qualified citizens that will contribute positively to the growth of the society and it will also serve as a resource and reference material to future students.
Research Questions
For the purpose of carrying out this research, the researchers pose the following questions:
(1) What is the student - teacher ratios in government secondary schools?
(2) What are the causes of increased students' population in government secondary schools?
(3) What are the impacts of the increase in population of students in government secondary schools on the academic performance of the students?
Scope of the Study
This research work is restricted to only government secondary schools in Owerri Municipal Council. The secondary schools are:
- Government secondary school Owerri
- Comprehensive Development secondary school Owerri
- Emmanuel college Owerri
- Government technical college Owerri
- Ikenegbu Girls' secondary school Owerri
- Holy Ghost college Owerri
- Owerri girls' secondary school
- Urban development secondary school Owerri
- Boys' secondary school New Owerri
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