Description
ABSTRACT
The usefulness of science and its relevance to man is unending and cannot be quantified, but the teaching and learning of it requires an effective method of instruction. This study therefore investigated the impact of substituting standard materials with local materials on the academic achievement and interest of students in chemistry in Imo state. It covered the topics; acids, bases and acidbase reactions. Four research questions and four hypotheses were stated respectively, relevant literatures were also reviewed. The research design employed was a quasi-experimental research design. A stratified random sampling technique was used to place schools in strata of male and female category, while a random sampling technique was used to select schools from each stratum into experimental and control groups. Data was collected using two instruments namely; chemistry achievement test and chemistry interest scale, data was analysed using mean and ANCOVA at 0.05 significant levels. The findings of the study revealed that, students taught chemistry with local instructional materials significantly achieved more than those taught with standard instructional materials, though both possessed similar interest in chemistry. It was also revealed that there was an interaction between gender and instructional material in achievement. Based on this, it was concluded that the use of local materials can create a meaningful practical experience for chemistry students and still arouse their interest in the subject. Recommendations made include that chemistry teachers should make chemistry classes more interesting and rewarding with the use of local materials.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
TITLE PAGE i
CERTIFICATION ii
APROVAL PAGE iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv
DEDICATION v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF APPENDICES x
ABSTRACT xi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1
Background to the Study 1
Statement of problem 4
Purpose of the Study 5
Significance of the Study 6
Scope of the Study 7
Research Questions 8
Hypotheses 8
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 10
Conceptual Frame work 11
Concept of Substitution in chemistry 11
Concept of Local materials in chemistry 12
Concept of Achievement in Science 13
Concept of interest 15
Theoretical Framework 16
Sensory Stimulation Theory 16
Social Development Theory 17
Interest theories view 18
Theoretical Studies 20
Historical Development for Substitution in Science Education 20
The Teaching of Science 22
Gender Difference in Achievement 23
Gender Difference in Interest 26
Effects of Interest on Learning in school and educational success 28
Teaching Chemistry to Develop Entrepreneurial Skill 30
Resources for Teaching Science 32
Relationship between Educational Resources and Students Achievement 34
Effectiveness of substituting Local Materials 37
The Role of Teachers in Substituting local materials 39
Empirical Studies Related to this Study 41
Summary 42
CHAPTER THREE: METHOD 45
Research Design 45
Area of the Study 46
Population of the Study 47
Sampling and Sampling Technique 47
Instrument for Data Collection 48
Validation of the Instrument 49
Reliability of the Instruments 49
Experimental procedure 50
Local materials used 51
Control of variables 52
Method of Data Collection 53
Methods of data analysis 53
CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA 54
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS 61
Discussion of result 61
Implication of the findings 63
Conclusion 64
Recommendation 65
Limitations of the study 66
Suggestions for further research 66
References 68
Appendices 79
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Experimental design for the study 46
2: Mean achievement scores of students in experimentaland control group 55
3: Mean achievement of male and female students in both groups 56
4: Mean achievement score of students in experimental andcontrol group 57
5: Mean interest score of male and female students in CIS 57
6: Summary of ANCOVA result for CAT 58
7: Summary of ANCOVA result for CIS 59
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A: Scheme of work for the study 79
B: Daily Lesson Plan used for experimental group 80
C: Daily Lesson plan used for control group 97
D: Chemistry Achievement Test 114
E: Answer to Chemistry Achievement Test 117
F: List of Secondary Schools in Owerri Educational Zone I 119
G: Sampled Schools for the Study 120
H: Students raw scores on achievement and interest 126
I: Twoway analysis of covariance ANCOVA for CAT 125
J: Twoway analysis of covariance ANCOVA for CIS 126
K: Chemistry Interest Scale 127
L: Table of specification on which CAT was built 128
M: letter of introduction from the researchers supervisor 129
N: corrections made by validations on CIS 130
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