| Description | ABSTRACT
This project work is on the school library as an effective instrument for academic excellence of schools on Owerri town. The aim of this research survey is to determine and examine the extent of services being rendered to library users, the stock of the library and to some extent the problems placing the library. The character and efficiency of any institution and that of its various categories of populace is adjusted by its treatment of its central organ the library along with the school, college, the news media and other manifestations of the Òknowledge industryÓ is one of the agencies through which the institution of education exerts its influence on society, the library satisfy the basic information, education, cultural and other needs of its clienteles in their general and specific intellectual fields and pursuits. Information is preserved in the print and non-print medium and the school library acquires, organize, interprets, preserves and stores the information purveying media for easy access and consultation thus, today is the gateway to broadcast world or scholarly information for pupils, students and teachers. School libraries are an information and is indispensable to a pupils or students advancement or self development. The right information at the right time, at the right place to improves the ability of a students, pupils or teacher. School libraries therefore are not the basis of all teaching and learning, it is also essential for promoting and enhancing intellectual or academic pursuits. Also its aim at establishing a firm knowledge of school and general subjects by making choices of these materials to select those which will build up a firm and realistic foundation. The wide range of such materials provides an incentive to use them to impart knowledge and for preparing pupils and students also for their various examinations. In which they give useful experience and increase self confidence and develop basis for more advanced work and they through their use the pupils and students will in the best sense of the words, striving for excellence in their academic. These places the school libraries are at a position of relevance and explains why it is an effective instrument for achieving excellence. | ABSTRACT
This research is on Evaluation of technical services in Abia state central library board, Umuahia. This study is on the Evaluation of Technical Services in Abia State Central Library Board, Umuahia. The study is divided into five (5) chapters. Chapter 1: It deals with the introduction/background of study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, scope of the study, significance of the study, definition of terms. Chapter 2: Literature review, in this chapter, the researcher presents the materials which he uses/consulted in enlightening some of the points and information in the study. Chapter 3: Research methodology, Design of the study, area of study, population, sample and sample techniques, instrumentation (instrument for data collection), validity of instrument, instrument for data collection, distribution and retrieval of the instrument, data analysis techniques. Chapter 4: Presentation and data/findings, data analysis interpretation/discussion of findings. Chapter 5: Summary, conclusion, recommendation. | INTRODUCTION
Political corruption is not a recent phenomenon that per4vades the Nigerian state. Since the creation of modern public administration in the country, there have been cases of official mosuse of resource for personal enrichment.
Nigeria ranked 139th out of 176 countries in Transparency international. The rise of public administration and the discovery of petroleum and natural gas are two major events seen to have led to a litary of ignoble corrupt practices in the country. Over the years, the country has seen if wealth withered with little for show in living condition of the average human being.
The pervasive corruption has been blamed on colonialism, according to this view; the nation colonial history may have restricted any early influence in an ethical revolution. Throughout the colonel; period, most Nigerians were stuck in ignorance and poverty. The trapping of flash cars, houses and success of the colonist as symbols of success and to emulate the colonial.
This view is what has degenerated for into the more recent disregarded for public property and lack of public trust and concern for public goods as a collection. | ABSTRACT
This research is on Users patronage in the institute of management and technology, Enugu library. The research focus on the clientele use of the library. The research high-light the problems encounter by the library and solution to those problems. To achieve this study, research method was used, and also questionnaires where designed to serve as a measuring instrument for data collection. This project is divided into five chapters. Chapter one is made up of the introduction the background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions, Hypothesis and Definition of terms. Chapter two entails such topics as review of related literature sources of finding of academic libraries, the caliber of library staff, need for user education in academic library, users of academic library and the material needed and motivating users to make use of the library. Chapter three is made up of Design of the study, Area of the study, Population, Sample and Sampling Technique, Treatment procedure, instrumentation, validity of instrument/ Test, Distribution and retrieval of the instruments and Data analysis technique. Chapter four Presentation and Analysis of Data, presentation and data/findings, Data Analysis interpretation/Discussion of findings Chapter five, summary, Conclusion, Recommendation Suggestions for further studies bibliography/reference and appendices. | ABSTRACT
The major purpose of this work was to investigation classification and knowledge development by technical librarians in academic libraries in Anambra State it was also directed to find out the factors militating against effective knowledge development in academic libraries, survey design was considered most appropriate and was adopted. The population of the study was 400,000 people while the sample sizes was 400 respondents selected using the Taro Yamane formula for sample selection. It was found out that inadequate facilities is one of the factors affecting knowledge development in academic libraries in Anambra State. It was found out there was lack of accessibility and utilization of academic libraries in Anambra State. In conclusion, it was concluded that Anambra State has been described by researchers as a failed state due to itÕs incapacitations to provide enabling environment for knowledge development in academic libraries. It was recommended that both Anambra State and private individuals should join hands in building up effective academic libraries which will enhance effective knowledge development in Anambra State, the researcher also brought forward. ICTs knowledge development in academic library as the area for further research work in Anambra State.
? | ABSTRACT
This project aims at looking at information Dissemination on Agriculture in Nigeria, this is a particular reference to ADP Awka agricultural development programme in Anambra State. Its purpose were to find out what constituted the problem of information dissemination on agriculture. The study identified various information flow to farmers.
A properly organized and effective information network facilitates the adoption of new technology by the farmers, which in effect raise agricultural product.
To ensure the success of agricultural support service to farmers, immense attention must be paid to efficient organization of agricultural information services with well trained staff.
An important complement to effective information dissemination of timely needed information. |
| Content | CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND OF STUDY
This research is on School libraries as an effective instrument for achieving academic excellence a case study of schools in Owerri town.
The word according to the new Lexicon Webster Dictionary of the English language. Library is defined as a room or building housing a collection of books usually arranged according to same plan. Such collection of book on related topics issued by a publisher.
The library has collection of records of human culture in print and non-print information purveying materials housed, preserve, organized, interpreted and managed by a professional librarian, to meet the broad and varying needs of users or clientele, for their information, knowledge, education, research, recreation and aesthetic appreciation.
However the word library is defined as a room or building containing books that can be looked at or borrowed by members of the public or members of the group or organization that owns the library.
According to Longman Dictionary of English language and culture; A building in which collections of books, CDs, newspapers, etc are kept for people to read, study or borrow.
The library is an integral part of any academic institution where it is situated and no such institution can achieve its well throughout objectives without the library. It is not an adjunct to the parent institution, but an indispensable part. It is necessary to have library in our post primary schools because it is the central organ of an academic institution which determines the excellence of the institution in teaching and learning. School libraries are found in elementary post primary and higher schools and house the materials and services that students and teachers requires to carry out their academic activities. Their holdings consist of printed an audio-visual materials that support and extent the curricula and that attempt to make reading attractive to students.
According to encyclopedia Americana, they offer reference and inter-library loans in terms of size, 54.6% of school libraries have fewer than 2000 books, while 3% have more than 10000% books. In the early 1990s there were approximately 3500 school libraries in Mexico, representing a 24% increase in just two years. School libraries have also extended their missions and the level of their services in recent years.
Furthermore, from the above one can see that the school library has a remarkable role in academic excellent of students because the process of teaching and learning cannot be effectively done without incorporating the library of secondary education system. It is therefore an instrument of education excellence. In this regard Ishola (2002) says That whose function is to broaden the education of students by introducing them to spheres of knowledge outside the narrow confines of their school curriculum.
The school library can serve as follows:-
i. Resource center: Offers a wide variety of materials that information is not only stored in print form but also in non-print.
ii. Teaching Agency: Teacher students various skills which when acquired enhances their academic performance and discourage leaving by rote.
iii. Services Agency: Offer various services users to aid them make maximum utilization of the library resources.
iv. Recreation Agency: Guides students in their research work involving using the library by providing minor reference assistance to them.
v. Educational Agency: This is the overall development of an individual, growth, progressive reconstruction of experience and a life long process. The educational roles of the school library are:-
a) Inculcation of permanent literacy
b) Promotion of early child education
c) Enhancement of secondary education
d) Development of reading habits.
The school libraries thus has challenged the functions of parents, teachers, classroom and the various institutions that were formerly the exclusion, sources of knowledge and information.
The characteristic of the school library:
1. User: They are made up of the pupils, students and teachers. Some are more intelligent than others or some are eager to read while others are backward. The libraries should give more attention to the less intelligent once in order for them to meet up.
2. Contents: It contains materials that are book and non-book materials also contains materials based on the syllables and subjects taught at school chosen on basis of its individual merit considering the special needs and problem of the institution and the medium that most effectively conveys the desired content so that its objective will be met.
3. Location: It is part of the school community. They are to achieve the objectives of the school that set it up the library as a complement.
4. Functions: It is an integrating factor in the work of the school. The work of the school library is directed towards the definite education aims of the school.
A large percentage of pupil and students in nursery, primary and secondary schools are ignorant of the fact that personal intelligence and more knowledge of a subject does not automatically establish firm knowledge of a subject and excellence in school, the school library is an invaluable and for achieving academic excellence. Also teachers, parents and libraries are today concerned about the poor reading habits of our students, poor performance at school and fall in our educational standard. This cry has invariably elicited very passionate question in the minds of those who love and care of all round development of these students. The libraries are yearning collectively on how to combat this problem knowing the adverse effect of this ailment first in the lives of the pupils and students, secondly in the progress of a country like ours.
The relationship between school libraries and reading habits and that between school libraries and academic excellence has been a subject of theoretical interest and practical importance amongst librarians. However, this relationship has been established through effective reading and general success in academic pursuit. In the primary schools, the library laid the foundation for reading habits by importing reading skills at the formation stage of the pupils education. In the secondary schools they form the foundation for independent learning at present school and at successive stages of the students life by establishing firmly the reading habits acquired in the primary school. Also the school library communicates information from several information carries, for better understanding and broadcasting of knowledge and there produce profound effects on the various categories of the students populace who acquire the skill of utilizing and assimilating information from the library, thus become more successful than others by virtue of information and knowledge they possess via the library collections.
It was in view of this that Morgan (2003) asserts that in the hands of a cultured teacher the school library may serve as a link to bind together the home and school, and to arouse the interest of parents in what and how their children are reading, by referring them to the library.
Teachers can suggest to pupils valuable books suitable for their age, attainment, tastes and necessities. Seldom does a day pass when the vigilant teacher has not an opportunity, either in a class or in private conversation, to drop into the prepared soil of pupils mind a hint of some valuable books to read in the library.
In conclusion there is no better intellectual and moral influence than that which comes from reading a good book aloud in the family circle Morgan (2003) concludes that:-
Learning with tear is now a thing of the past like wise learning from single textbook. As every good and resourceful teacher knows one of the crimes or worst sins a teacher can commit against his students is to feed them with wrong and outdated information, also for the purpose of education to be fully achieved, students and teachers need to consult several source for better understanding and clarity. Also, nothing could be as dangerous as ignorance and an ill-informed student as they fall prey to rumors and false propaganda. The library selects, acquires and store in a classified arrangement on shelves the best and up-to-date sources of information that keeps staff and students abreast of new developments in knowledge and understanding of the subject matter, encourage practical work and develop the powers of analytical appraisal and of critical thinking.
Learning can be one of the most exciting experience in life, while reading is identified as the single most important determinant of a childs success at school and in modern society as well. Learning also in modern life depends largely upon ones ability to interpret the printed messages accurately and fully, while reading is an educational task, essential for ones excellence in all academic pursuits. He who has other reasons for learning and reading besides interest in the subject has everything going for him, his interests broadens and cheap source of information during childhood education. Thus ideas absorbed from reading and learning through then remains with the students for the rest of their lives and produces profound effects and influences on their academics. Also the school library in no small measure plays a great part on the attitudes, behaviors, aspiration academic pursuits embarked upon by students and in determining the kind of people they can be
Good readers who have mastered the tasks of reading agree that early exposure to a wide range of printed materials is a highly relevant factor in reading. The handicap most secondary schools students face in reading development is lack of good reading materials. The school libraries are indispensable in the area of provision and proper use of books, this have made them the forum on which the educational activities of our secondary school revolves. It behaves on students numerous information sources to exploit so as to enhance their academic performance and to excel. This way, it lays foundation for a brighter future. Knowledge acquired from the information embedded, in the library and resources is like a fortune rightly acquired. For it is Òthe heart of the institution and the apex on which the intellectual life of the school and student rest.
1.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SECONDARY SCHOOL LIBRARIES IN OWERRI TOWN
The development of secondary school libraries in Owerri town could not be treated in isolation from that of school libraries in general in Owerri which commenced in the early 1950Õs.
This historical development of secondary schools library started in government secondary school, Owerri now government college, Owerri which was established in 1952 and modern school, Owerri now Girls Secondary School, Owerri established in 1955.
Libraries in secondary school are established in government trade center, which serves the educational (Technical) needs of those students in the technical education sector.
Moreover, due to the type of materials the library stock, it could not serve the general interest of the students in Owerri town. For this reason another library was established in the modern school, Owerri which now serve various categories of students. Despite the type of materials that the library stocked it contributed immensely to the educational development of the town. This was the state affairs until another library was established in the government secondary school which before then serve as a book depot for schools in the then Eastern region, as it was from there that books meant for primary and secondary in the eastern region sent by the then Colonia government were deposited for the various number of volumes of books meant for their school. However, it must be noted that the central library at Enugu was also providing library service known as Òlibrary on wheelsÓ to schools in Owerri town (secondary school) before the war, (Nigeria civil war). This factor led to the promotion of the establishment of libraries in secondary schools in Owerri town which were though largely organized and were left to the part-time of teachers. The libraries then in some of these schools were either location in one classroom or found to be in the principals office.
In 1955 the Government College, Holy Ghost College, Girls Secondary School Owerri were founded. The Government Technical College, Owerri was founded in 1952, Federal Government Girls College, 1973 and Bishop Lasbrey Girls Secondary School, 1952 become secondary school in 1986.
In 1957 a library was established in the government college with the aid of the books deposited in the institution. Then a teacher librarian was trained by the administrators who were white men at Enugu. It has the largest volume of books amongst all the schools in Owerri town which strives till today. The library building had a statue of students clutching a book in a round-about in front of the library to indicates the building. The person in charge of the library holds a degree in library science education.
The Government Technical College Library was established in 1956 for students in the technical and trade sector of education. Its resources is limited to the type of courses offered in the college. This is an N.C.E graduate in technical in education but with librarianship. With background knowledge of librarianship acquired through attending seminars, workshops, conferences and long period of the classroom complex which is located in a large hall. It has volume of books ranging between 1000 to 1500.
In 1973, the Federal government Girls Secondary School Owerri was established and in 1974 was founded. The library caters for the interest needs of students in the secondary section and those in higher school section (lower and upper sixth students) this accounts for its large number of volumes of 3,500. The library is manned by a professional librarian with a bachelor of library science degree. Since 1973 the school has achieved its inception. The library is allocated an entire building and has links with the academic feats.
After the conversion of Bishop Lasbery Girls Secondary School Irette to a secondary school then the library was established in 1986, which is located in one classroom and manned by a teacher librarian. The library has volumes of books ranging between 800 to 1000.
1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study is the investigation of the extent to which school libraries contribute to academic excellence. Also school libraries has effect on the pupils, students and teachers and their indispensable contributions to the teaching and learning programs of the schools is yet to be fully understood. As a result of this problem, what this research study tries to portray is the mechanism by which the school libraries comes about it.
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The library is a central focus because in every academic institution. The learners and educators achieve this objective through the library which serves as the vehicle of communication or transmission of scholarly knowledge for educational excellence.
School libraries are very indispensable for effective teaching and learning process. The main aim of this study is the town in relation to their academic performance.
1. To know the impact of school library and program on its various patrons
2. To find out the impact of reading culture and library skills acquisition on students performance.
3. To know the extent to which library collections impact knowledge.
4. To examine the service of the school library.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this study is limited to schools in Owerri town. This covers three boys and three girls secondary school. These six secondary school represent all the geographical area in Owerri town.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study is significant because it will benefit the following:-
1. School libraries should be able to perceive and teach the students on how to use the library as data banks of information and knowledge for self directed learning and research.
2. Teachers will know that in order for a student to cope academically and other wise he/she has to become self reliant in obtaining and utilizing information.
3. Parents guardians are to be acquainted with vital role of the school library and its overall impact on the academic pursuits of their children.
4. The school principals should also include the habit of using the library in the life of the students.
5. The state government will also recognize the importance of libraries in the secondary education from this research.
1.7 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1) Has any impact of such library on its patron?
2) Does reading culture and skills acquired impact on the performance of the students?
3) To what extent do the collections imparts knowledge on the users?
4) What are the services provided by the school library?
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
1) According to the new Lexicon Webster Dictionary, school is a community of those who teach and those who are taught, especially one of the education of children, usually housed in a building design and equipped for this purpose. The purpose to be achieved is transmission of knowledge, cultural and social values which are acceptable from one generation to another. Also all these should be recorded and preserved in book and other information carrying media, which are collected and preserved by the library for the users to make use of.
2) Library is defined as a room or building housing a collection of books usually arranged according to some plan. Such collection of book on related topics issued by a publisher.
3) Education: Is a process of teaching training and learning especially in schools to improve knowledge and develop skills. Example Nursery, primary, secondary and higher education.
4) School libraries are an information agency, they provide ready access to this information and is indispensable to a pupils or students advancement or self development. The right information at the right time, at the right place to improves the ability of a student, pupils or teacher.
5) Questionnaire: It defined as set of question relating to the aim of the study and the hypothesis to be tested to which the respondents are expected to answer in writing.
6) Sampling techniques: Is a techniques or method used to minimize error and bias in the study. It also the method that all the elements have equal probability of being selected for investigation. | CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
This research is on Evaluation of technical services in Abia state central library board, Umuahia.
Evaluation according to BBC English Dictionary is decision about significant or valuable something is, based on a careful study of its good and bad features. Evaluation of technical services means to appraise or analyze the processes a library material should undergo right from acquisition until the material finally appear on the shelf for use.
This project evaluates the technical services of technical service division of Abia state library board. Before delving into the actual project, it is important to explain with library is. According to Okorie (1964:101)
Libraries are usually those, whether municipal, country, regional or national, which are supported by public funds and open to the general library board.
According to Uba (1973:163) the term ?technical services? in library parlance appears to have tow connotations. Viewed from the stand point of reference services which industries and technical libraries offers to their users, on the other hand, it mans the other work of the technical processing department of libraries-that is, cataloguing and classification and allied processes. Technical services therefore, refer to all the activities and processes concern with selecting, obtaining, organizing and processing of acquired library materials in the library. It is to achieve this end in the economic way that technical processing which according to him, is a means to an end service because cataloguing and classification provide the tools without which information services is impossible. In libraries, the handling of technical services is always the sole responsibility of the technical department. According to Harrod [1971] technical services is a department of a library where the function of a book acquisition, cataloguing, classification and processing are carried out.
Technical services department in any library is usually referred to as ?behind the screen? department because most of their activities are carried out of sight of regular users of the library. Usually, the department is made up of the cataloguing section, acquisition section, serial section and bindery section. The cataloguing section?s function is to organize the total library resources by it clientele.
The traditional means for accomplishing this goal are descriptive cataloguing, subject cataloguing and classification.
This assignment required effective records preparation with all reasonable economy.
The acquisition sections function is to purchase expedition and from the most advantageous vendors the material chosen or selected, to process materials pre-cataloguing] otherwise procured, and to forward promptly and to the proper places all materials acquired. This large business operation must be forwarded economically. The economy involves the selection of agents, methods purchasing, treatment of return, and sale of discards. Although, foremost is budget expense control. Technical services activities require the effort of a large potion of library staff and budget, and it is the life wire of any library.
The serial sections function is subscribing various journals for the use of the clientele. The various journals subscribed to the library are selected, ordered, received and processed by the serial section.
The function of bindery section is to provide suitable protection for each item added to the collection and to take action, and also to per-serve it for the use of the future generation.
Harrod [1971:524] also defined it as ?A library provided wholly or partly from public funds, and the user of which is not restricted to any class of person in the community but it freely available to all.
Libraries are usually established by either the local, state or federal government to serve the information needs of the community in which it located by providing materials both books and non-book materials. However, the library does not exist for formal education alone. It exist and must cater for the class of people who are general readers and those who go to the library for recreation. Unfortunately, in Africa, Nigeria to be3 precise, public libraries are not properly funded and are under used. In the wards of Oyedeji [1975:159]. The libraries that exist are for the moment, mostly glorified classrooms and reading shelters for exam-hungry school boys and girls who pay little attention, which some of the libraries offer. It is the basic of this laxity in the use of the library that the researcher decided to carry this research to find out the reasons why libraries are under used. The researcher however, chooses the technical services aspects of the problem with the Abia state library as her case study, while she leaves the other aspect of the problems for others to conduct future research on them. As earlier said in this topic, the library is establish to provide both book and non-book materials, and services that will in the present and in the future contribute to the aims and objectives of the library.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Abia as a state has some problems to consider economic bedrock, one of the most populated industrialized and civilized state in Nigeria. According to Smith (978: 2) the researcher trends some of its development, it thus become of interest to her especially of the technical services of the Abia State Library Board in the organization of its resources for effective dissemination of information to meet the varied need of its numerous clientele.
However, the researcher before going into the research envisaged some outstanding that may be glaring, ad these problems are:
i. Inadequate acquisition of materials.
ii. Lack of adequate budgeting allocation
iii. Lack of qualified cataloguers
iv. Lack of the correct number and types of staff to achieved its set objectives.
v. Lack of library co-operation in technical processes.
vi. Poor/lack of binding services.
vii. Lack of well written selection policy
viii. Lack of effective user education/orientation on the use of the catalogue.
ix. Technical services department are policy equipped tools.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objectives of this study have summarized under the following.
1. To evaluate the technical services of Abia State Library Board
2. To survey the organization of the technical department of the Abia State Library.
3. To find out the problems that hinder the effective technical services of the Abia State Library Board and to offer suggestions on how best to arrest the situation.
4. To highlight the roles expected of a technical services department of a standard library.
5. To find out the general staffing position of the technical services of library.
6. To evaluate specifically the importance of the catalogue, its adequacy as a finding tool to the patrons and its users.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This project is limited to the study of technical services of Abia State Library Board.
There are some aspect of the problem facing technical services in a public library, which the researcher would have cared to investigate and finding possible solution to them, but acting director was first appointed the acting director of Abia State Library services following the recommendation of the Board, members to the ministry of education. On assumption of office, he immediately recalled to the headquarters the only cataloguer of the library in the person of Mr. James E. Nwosu from one of our out station libraries where he served for effectiveness of the technical services department of the library.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The researcher discovered that organization of resources in libraries is regrettably too inadequate. To this end, the significance of the study is to bring to awareness, some of these lapses in technical services using in Abia State Library Board as a case study since this is the most challenging aspect of librarianship and library services to the people, and suggesting ways to correcting these lapses and finally contribute to the frontiers of knowledge in this field.
Students of librarianship as well as professional libraries and library staff will definitely find this work valuable for both professional and organization efficiency even the general public.
1.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. How adequate is the budgetary allocation of the technical services department?
2. Does the technical services department process books and non-book materials acquired by the library?
3. Do you have enough professional cataloguers in the technical services?
4. Does the library keep a written selection policy?
5. What are the effects of inadequate supply of library materials?
6. What level cataloguing description does your library use?
1.7 STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS
i. The technical section of the library is not in good condition because of inadequate financial investment on the section.
ii. The technical section do not make use of classification scheme due to lack of fund. | BIBLOGRAPHIC ENTRIES
1. Abada .A 2009 .A misplacement of priority. Daily champion 5 may p40
2. Abbola .S. 2009. Corruption bottle of hope. Daily champion 2 Oct p24
3. Abdulu. Isa 2009. Nigeria leaders sack the sun 12 July
4. Abiola Bashoru. 2012 the electronic voting system Daily champion. 12 Jan
5. Abidonna Dorrathy. 2010. Kidnapping at Aba Abia State. daily champion
6. ______________. 2010. Imo state crisis btw P.D.P and CAN in Nigeria Daily champion.
7. ________________. 2010. Killing of people in a election in Nigeria. Daily champion
8. Adebayo Rofimi 2012. Fuel subsidy in Nigeria Daily Champion ?Aug.
9. Aduroba, Elias 2012. Flood enter some part of Nigeria punch
10. Akin, Paul 2011. Deserve autonomy Daily champion 2 April
11. Badamus .S. 2011. Why people criticize me Daily champion. 25 April, P.37.
12. _______________. 2011. They are buying my witness. Daily champion. 25 April, P.37.
13. Babk .T. 2010. I see blood in an election. Daily champion, 28 July, p.14.
14. ______________. 2010. Nigeria leaders are green. Daily champion. 28 July, p.14.
15. Balloy, David 2009. Corruption Government and the citizens. Vanguard
16. _____________. 2009, Nigeria stand to 100s. It if Vanguard.
17. Chapel .R.T. 2010. Election and national development. Punch 21 Aug, p.8.
18. ______________. 2010. Election day murder punch 21 Aug P9
19. Christopher .O. 2013. Selling and buying of babies in Nigeria Vanguard. 2 Feb.
20. ______________. 2013. Some Nigeria police went for robbery with government arm nation. Vanguard.
?
AUTHOR INDEX
Abada, .A. 1
Abbola, .S. 2
Abdulu, Isa 3
Abiola, Bashorum 4
Abidonna, Dorathy 5, 6, 7
Adebayo, Rotimi 8
Aduroba Elims 9
Akin Paul 10
Badamus, .S. 11, 12
Babk, .T. 13, 14
Baloy, David 15, 16
Chappel, R. T. 17, 18
Christopher 19, 20
CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX
2009 - 1 2 3 15 16
2010 - 4 5 6 7 13 14 17 18
2011 - 10 11 12
2012 - 8 9
2013 - 19 20
?
SOURCE INDEX
News Paper - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
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PART II
TITLE PAGE
CORRUPTION IN NIGERIA
BY
IGBOANUGO NKECHI .F.
FPO/ND/LIS/RII/012/111
SUBMITTED TO
DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY & INFORMATION SCIENCE, SCHOOL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL
POLYTECHNIC, OKO.
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD NATIONAL DIPLOMA (ND) IN
LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE.
OCTOBER, 2013.
DEDICATION
I dedicated this work to God Almighty.
?
PREFACE
The compilation of index on the topic political party corruption in Nigeria is reportedly widespread and survey indicate that it is very hard to do business in Nigeria without having to pay facilitation payment to public official.
In Nigeria a political environment that exclude favours towards elites or wealthy citizens may also be influenced by corruption weacky little may resort to slege in order to gain power and protect their interest. However the bottom the surmised from the view of most Nigerian is that corruption is a problem that has to be rooted.
?
INTRODUCTION
Political corruption in Nigeria is reportedly widespread and surveys. It is not a recent phenomenon that pervades that Nigerian State. Since the creation of modern public administration in the country, these have been cases of official miscue of resource for personal enrichment.
The persuasive corruption has been blamed on colonialism according to this view, the nation colonial history may have restricted any early influence in an ethical revolution. Throughout the colonel period, most Nigerians were stuck in ignorance and poverty. The trapping of flash cars, houses and success of the colonist may influence the poor to see the colonist as symbols of success and to emulate the colorist.
?
TABLE OF CONTENT
PREFACE
INTRODUCTION
DEDICATION
TABLE OF CONTENT
INDEX ENTRIES
AUTHOR INDEX
CHRONOLOGICAL
SOURCE INDEX
?
INDEX ENTRIES
1. Abada .A.
A misplacement if priority
Corruption
GN 12 ? 6 ? 09 ? 19
2. Abbola .S.
Corruption bottle of hope
Corruption
GN 8 ? 6 ? 09 ? 26
3. Abdulu Isa
Nigeria leaders sick
Political party
GNB ? 6 ? 10 ? 26
4. Akin Paul
Deserve autonomy
Corruption
GN ? 6 ? 11 ? 20
5. Badamus S.
Why people criticize me
Corruption
GN 8 ? 9 ? 12 ? 28
6. ____________________
They are buying my witness
Corruption
GN 8 ? 9 ? 12 ? 38
7. Baloy David
Corruption government and the citizen
Corruption
GN ? 7 ? 13 ? 48
8. Chapel R.T.
Election and national development
Political party
GN ? 8 ? 10 ? 26
9. __________________
Election day murder
Corruption
GN ? 8 ? 10 ? 26 | CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This research is on Users patronage in the institute of management and technology, Enugu library. Library is the back bone of every sound education. Library is regarded as the store house of information and knowledge. Students should be able to use the library to enable them solve their problems. They need to acquire information in order to expand their knowledge and understanding; students should use the library to do their assignments, research and preparation of their examination. Regular consultation of library materials can help students to achieve them.
According to Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, library is defied as a room or building containing books that can be looked at or borrowed or a set of books, records etc. that are produced by the same company and have the same general appearance.
According to encyclopedia Americana, the word library is derived from the Latin word libber. Meaning ÒbookÓ the library initially stocked collections of clay tablets, papyrus and even scrolls were housed in libraries long before the concept of the book emerged.
In other words the library is a place where books and non book materials are kept for consultation of the users. Library is referred as a store house of information. Library stores the intellectual records of the society, retrieve and decimate them for the benefit of the society. Library as an institution has the responsibility of collecting books and other information materials and make them available to people for reading, study or reference.
People use library resources to obtain information of personal interest or to obtain recreational materials such as films and novels. Students use library to supplement and enhance their classroom experiences, to learn skills in locating sources of information and to develop good reading and study habits. Public officers use libraries to research on legislation and public policy issues. They provide information and services that are important to learning and progress.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Users patronage of the institute of management and Technology Enugu library.
The institute of management and Technology Enugu library was as old as parent organization. It was established in 1973. The library was formerly located in campus (II) of the institution with a branch in campus (III). But in 2002, the library was located in campus (III) fully with the construction of new library of congress in campus III. The library has 480,000 volumes of books. It has been growing from strength to strength. The library consists of the following Sections/Departments. Cataloguing and classification Department, Bindery and acquisition Department, Serials/ Government Document Department.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
This project is to find out the problems that libraries in our Country are facing, for example inadequate use of library both Academic library and other types of libraries inadequate trained staff or libraries who will be guiding or directing students.
Poor finding of the libraries, especially Academic library, it faces the problem of money to acquire their materials. Un conducive atmosphere such as noisy environment.
Inadequate strategic position where the library should be situated for easy entrance of people, for effective use of library by students and others, these problems must be solved.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this study is to investigate the quality of studentsÕ patronage of the institute of management and Technology library Enugu as stated in the following objectives.
(1) To determine who are the users of the institute of management and Technology Enugu library.
(2) To find out what collection development exists in the library.
(3) To asses the teaching of use of library.
(4) To find out how effectively the library holdings will made use of the library.
(5) To examine the quality of the library staff.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study is focused on the users patronage of the institute of management and Technology Enugu library. This study is within the institution. The students to study are the old students, this group of peoples are choose because they have been in the school for a long period. They have acquainted with the school environment.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Since Academic library is part of the parent organization, students of the institution are advice to be making effective use of library because it was established for the benefit of students. Academic library plays a vital role of teaching, research, dissemination of information and serve people that live around the area. In academic library, materials are provided to support learning as well provides materials that will assist students in their own personal reading and self development. This project serves as a reference point of other schools and libraries because after reading it amendment can be made to their own library. It helps them to know the areas where they will play a vital role in the educational upliftment of the student in the library. It will serve as a reference point to the researchers as well as draw the attention of the government both state and federal government to the importation of library to an individual. It will attract the attention of those students who find it difficult to use library, it will help them to make library their second home.
1.6a RESEARCH QUESTIONS
[1] Who are the users of the institute of Management and Technology Enugu library?
[2] What collection development problems exist in the library?
[3] How effectively is the library holdings are made use of?
[4] How does the library staff relate to students in finding their needed information?
1.6b HYPOTHESIS
[1] The students of institute of Management and Technology Enugu are the usersÕ of institute of Management and Technology Enugu library.
[2] The collection Development problems exist in the institute of Management and Technology Enugu library are science and engineering materials.
[3] The library holdings are made effectively in the Institute of Management and Technology Enugu library everyday but the peak period is during the examination.
[4] The staff of the Institute of Management and Technology Enugu library helps them in finding their needed information.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
According to oxford Advance Learners Dictionary. UserÕs are defined as a person or thing that uses something.
Patronage is defined as the support, especially financial, that is given to a person or to an organization by a portion.
According to Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, Institution is defined as a large important organization that has a particular purpose for example a University or bank.
According to Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary Management is defined as the act of running and controlling a business or similar organization.
According to Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary Technology is defined as scientific knowledge used in practical ways in industry, for example in designing new machine.
According to Advanced Learners Dictionary, Library is defined as a building in which collections of books, tapes, news papers etc are kept for people to read, study or borrow. | CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Library classification forms part of the field of library and information science. It was a form of bibliographic classification (library classification are used in library catalogues, while Òbibliographic classificationÓ, also covers classification used in other kinds of bibliographic data bases). It goes hand in hand with cataloguing and classification, sometimes grouped together as technical services. The library professionals who engages in the process of cataloguing and classifying library materials is called a cataloguer or catalog librarian. Library classification scheme are one of the two tools used to facilitate subject access. The other consist of alphabetical indexing language such as Thesauri and subject headings.
Library classification of a piece of work consists of two steps. Firstly, the aboutness of the material is ascertained. Next, a call number (essentially, a bookÕs address) based on the classification scheme in use at the particular library will be assigned to the work using the notation of the systems.
However, a library classification is a system of grouping the like terms and separating them from the unlike oneÕs. library classification documents library materials or any information (books), serials, audio visual material, computer files, maps manuscripts, realia) according to their subject and allocating a call number (information needed) to that information resources. Bibliographic classification schemes group entitles together that are relevant the same subject, typically arrange in a hierarchical tree structure (like classification schemes used in biology). A different kind of classification scheme called a faceted classification scheme is also widely used which allows the assignment. It multiple classifications to an objects, enabling the classification to be orderly in multiple ways. Barr Jim (2009) knowledge management is about cooperation and contact.
It is important to note that unlike subject headings or thesauri where multiple terms can be assigned to the same work, in library classification schemes, each work can be placed in one class. This is due to shelving purposes. A book can have only one physical place. However, in cataloguing one may have main entries as well as added entries most classification scheme like Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) and library of congress classification scheme also add a cutter number to each work which adds code for the author of the work.
Classification system in libraries generally play two roles. Firstly, they facilitate subject access by alloying the user to find out what is available in a give library on a particular topic. Secondly, they provide a known location for the information source to be accessed leg where it is shelved.
Lawrence Sand Giles CL (2006) Accessibility Information on the web nature.
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Library plays a very important role in this economic and industrial development of developed countries. As early as 1995, Ifidon (1995) demonstrated how libraries (i.e academic, public and special libraries) were important building blocks in the economic and industrial development of developed countries Ifidon (2005) documented several information services that were provided by libraries in Canada, Germany and United Kingdom (UK) to the industry. Community which includes: providing access to patentsÉ informations, reference services borrowing privileges, current awareness services, inter library cooperations, translation services etc. The range of these services varied according to the resources which can be tapped and the financial support given by local government and industries. A study of Kansas public libraries in the United States of America also showed that nearly a third of business and economic development organization in all pars of the state used public libraries as a resources high proportions of business that have their own libraries also use the resources and services of public libraries in most cases in the United State of America (USA) such as library system of Lancaster Country (PA) and the Cecil Country (MD) public library. Small Business Information Centre (Hamilton Pennell, 2008).
Most libraries in African are still in a weak position to successful playing their roles in economic and industrial development. Libraries are still tied in the traditional role of providing access to information resources by only acquiring processing and disseminating library materials.
Originally libraries were small, served the monitory and possessed a collection of books imported from colonial countries. This situation has not changed even when independence came to many African states. Most libraries have renamed with the Tittle content generated from the north, as their development was ignored in favour of the efforts to uplift poverty. Further, the rising cost of journal prices and adequate and expensive distribution mechanisms on knowledge and innovations in Africa have also inhabited libraries to provide access to updated and relevant literature for economic growth and industrial development journal subscriptions normally increase at rate of 11.16% every year beyond the reach of many institutions in Africa Ngika, (2006).
Academic libraries are among the best developed libraries in Africa and they can play a great role in serving the industry community. These libraries are well equipped.
However, there is a significant variation in there development and growth both in quality because their support mainly comes from their institutions with minimum subsidization they receive from government or other affiliations (Ocholla, 2008) despite the development of ICT, changing nature it will also serve as a guide line for the students scholars in library and information science field of study.
It will also serve as books of record in the field of information science.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
It is a common knowledge that the viability of academic library have not been explored nor utilized. This is because of the excruciating in effective equipment of libraries in the Nigerian contemporary societies which has been culminating to the traumatizing non-challant attitude of the masses towards sourcing information from libraries, lack of interest in academic study cum knowledge acquisitions from academic libraries in Anambra State. It is unfortunate that Anambra is a failed state in regards to library building and knowledge acquisitions this is demonstrated by the past governments of Anambra State on their failure to support effective library buildings in the state, which has been stigmatizing (militating) knowledge exploration in the academic setting which demoralizes the interested researchers (readers) in Anambra State for the past twelve years in which knowledge development in Academic Library has become a past history in Anambra State
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
In line with the statement of the problems of this study which are not limited to the excruciating lack of effective support towards equipping academic libraries non-challant attitude of masses towards gaining new knowledge from academic libraries lack of proper library classification which makes information difficult for the researches, this work aims to the following;
1) To find out factors affecting classification and knowledge development by technical librarians in Academic Libraries in the state.
2) To recommend the most possible solutions to those identified factors (affecting) militating against effective classification and knowledge development in Academic Libraries in this state.
3) To determine the strategy through which government of Anambra State will ensure proper and adequate library building in all the Academic settings.
4) To examine the level of information accessibility and enhance effective information dissemination for depositions in the Academic Libraries in Anambra State.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This field research work will be significance in the following ways;
i. It will serve as a book of reference for further research work in Anambra State and Nigeria general.
ii. This research work will also be significance in enhancing effective classification and knowledge development in Nigeria contemporary society and in Academic settings generally.
iii. It will be of great help in ensuring proper classification in Academic libraries in Anambra State. It will also serve as a guideline for the students, scholars in library and information. It will also serve as books of record in the field information science.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
In line with the statement of the problems and in chronological with the purpose of this research work; the following (4) research questions were posed by the researcher which will guide this field research work.
1) What are the factors affecting effective classification and knowledge development academic libraries in Anambra State?
2) To what extent could there be solution to the problems militating against effective classification in Academic libraries?
3) To what extent does government of Anambra State enhance adequate library buildings in Academic environments?
4) To what extent do masses access and utilize the information in academic libraries in the state?
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This research work is focused on classification and knowledge development by technical libraries in Academic libraries in Anambra State. It covers the problems affecting effective classification and knowledge in Academic libraries. It also touches the solutions to the problems and the strategy designed through ensuring government and provide effective and active participation in Academic libraries buildings in the state.
1.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
In the course of this study the researcher encounters many impediments and challenges as follows: -
TIME CONSTRAINTS: Time constraint is one of the major factor that limits this course of study mean while, the researcher faced many activities coupled with her course of study.
FINANCIAL CONSTRAINT: The researcher of a student was financially constraint in the sense that she found it difficult to travel round Anambra State from week to week.
NON-CHALLANT ATTITUDE: of the respondents towards the questionnaires was also one of the factors that limited the researcher.
Some wrong information and fear of giving information among the respondents was also a difficult factor in achieving this research work target.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. CLASSIFICATION: Is a systematic arrangement of things, people, animals, books in groups or categories according to established criteria.
2. KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT: Is the process of capturing, developing, sharing and effectively using organizational knowledge. It refers to a multi disciplined approach to achieving organizational objectives by making the best use of knowledge.
3. TECHNICAL LIBRARIES: These are the people that specialize in selecting, acquiring, processing, organizing, and preserving library materials.
4. ACADEMIC LIBRARY: Is a library attached to a higher institution which service (2) two contemporary purposes to support school curriculum and support the research work of the students and lecturers.
5. DDC: Dewey Decimal Classification.
6. LC: Library of congress classification.
7. ICT: Information and Communication Technology.
8. IFLA: International Federal of Library Association.
9. ALA: American Library Association
10. AACR: Anglo American Cataloguing Rule.
11. OPAC: Online Public Access Catalogue. | CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 DEFINITION OF INFORMATION
Information is referred to anything that you are capable of perceiving, this can include written communication. Speaking communication, photographs, art, music nearly anything that is perceivable. This includes enormous assortment of stimuli, but realizable, everything we come in contact, which is capable of providing and does provides us with some sort of information.
INFORMATION ACCORDING TO WEBSITES THIRD NEW INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY DEFINED:
Information as a process by which the form of an object of knowledge is impressed upon the apprehending mind so as to bring about the state of knowing it. This also includes some thing received or perceived or obtained- through information eg. Knowledge communicated by others or obtained from investigation, study or instruction.
FUNK AND WAGNALLS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Sees information as timely or specific knowledge acquired or derived signal element forming parts of massage or communication especially one assembled and made available for use by automatic machines, as in a digital computer usually machined in bits.
The Encyclopedia Biotical; Also defined agriculture as the science of cultivating the soil, growing and harvesting crop and raising livestock.
O. A. Iwena (2002) Defied agriculture as the production of crops and animals for manÕs use in other words, agriculture is defied as the deliberate effort made by man to till the soil, cultivate crops and rear animals for food and other purposes.
TYPES OF AGRICULTURE
There are two major types of agriculture namely:
a. Subsistence agriculture and
b. Commercial agriculture.
A. SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE:
It is the type of agriculture which is concerned with the production of finding a farmer to feed himself and his family. In order word subsistence agriculture is a system of farming where by a farmer cultivates crops and rear animals in order to provide food for use by himself and his family only.
B. COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE
This is the type of agriculture which is concerned with production of food. Animals and cash crops in large quantities for sale. It makes use of modern and complex tools and implement like tractors, plough, harrows, ridges, planters, which are required for successfulness of itÕs practice.
AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION
It is a process or methods used in disseminating new ideas, techniques to farmers. This methods is grouped into (3) three classes:
a) INDIVIDUAL METHOD:
The individual method includes farmer home visits aimed at direct contact between farmers and the extension agents. The purpose is to give advice or assist on wide range of farm and its problem. In order to succeed, it may require the assistance of volunteer leader to arrange meetings as to develop public relations with organization and important individuals.
b) GROUP METHOD:
The group method involves the works together with groups of farmer supervision of the extension worker. (Eg)
i. Symposia
ii. Lectures
iii. Debates
iv. Group demonstration
v. Extrusion
vi. Field trips
vii. Agricultural show.
Agriculture show is usually organized by state or even federal government and it includes demonstration/ Exhibition of farmer product from improved agricultural practices.
c) MASS MEDIA:
This method is used to awareness and interest in new ideas and technique among the majority of farmers. In order words, this method enables many people to know about the new innovation. Mass media includes CD ROM, radio, Television, Newspaper, Film show, Computer show case, Pamphlets, Banners, Hand bills and Handouts.
APPLICATION OF AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION
Over the years faculty members at university of Nebraska have designed computer network system for direct use by farmerÕs along with wished agricultural specialists. There are now more than a thousand users of the system. The system disseminates/delivers information to Canada.
There are two board classes of the users:
a. Agricultural specialist:- who advices other farmers
b. Individual farmers, business and agencies making use of system directly.
In African, a deliberate effort/attempt have been by African governments to bring about agricultural development without much to show for these efforts. This can be attributed to the treatment of information delivery as matter of course by most African government. As often happens agricultural information is not integrated with other development programs to address the numerous related problem that face farmers.
Information is an essential ingredient in agricultural development programmes but Nigeria farmers seldomly feel the impact of agricultural innovation either because they have no access to such vital information or because it is poorly disseminated. The information provided is exclusively focused on policy makerÕs researchers and those who manage policy decisions with scant attention paid to the information need of the largest beneficiaries of the policy decision. The non-provision of agricultural information is a key factor that has greatly limited agricultural development in development countries.
If the approaches to agricultural development programmes are to work, African governments needs to take new approaches to information dissemination and management that grow out from a clear understanding of what farmers information need are. For instance a researcher might use beef grower to estimate when a particular cattle will be ready for sale and what cost and gain of selling will be.
The cost of production for various crops can be calculated using crop budget and the economic value of land estimate with bay land. This programme also provided new items and message services.
ROLES OF INFORMATION IN AGRICULTURE
It is found that most of the role of information in agricultural development are perceived by many, but performed by few. Also moist of the role perceived are not performed by many of those who do perceived them. Industrial revolution taking new turn away from machines and instrument for taking over contain mental tasks example the handle of all forms of data thus we have seen the growth of computer from simple to the larger high speed flexible digital computer of today.
No one categorically claim to know all the information need of farmer especially in and an information depended sector like agriculture, where there are new and rather complex problems facing farmer every day. It is safe to assert that information need of Nigerian farmers revolves around the resolution of problems such as pest hazards, weed control moisture insufficiency, soil fertility, farm credit, labour shortage, soil/erosion and so forth.
Information needs by the local farmer may be in form of extension education, agriculture inputs, agriculture credit and marketing modern farm inputs are needed to raise small farm productivity. These inputs may include fertilizers, improved variety of seeds and seedings feeds, plant, protection chemicals, agricultural machinery and equipment and water. An examination of the factors influencing the adoption and continued use of these inputs will show that information dissemination is a very important factor. It is a factor that requires more attention than it now gets.
The farmerÕs need of information is at moment being diffused by extension worker, other farmers, government parastatals and agricultural equipment dealers. The impact is yet to be felt.
Farmers are among the potential beneficiaries of agricultural credit in Nigeria but because of their low levels of literacy they are mostly unaware of credit, farmers need information relating to source of loan such as names of sources. They need information on the term of loan such as the interest rates, loan able amount and mode of repayment regarding agricultural credit debts to small farmers usually through channels such as relations, friends, neighbours, government officials, commercial and credit banks. Grass root organs such as village leads and local government officials are used to diffuse such information because of their personal touch with small-scale farmer. Extension agent needs to intensify their effort in educating farmers to increase their level of awareness.
In Nigeria, ministry of agriculture through the field level extension worker and broadcasting media provides agricultural marketing information farmers. A lot still have to be done in this area. Some of those in charge of marketing information are not trained for this job.
AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION DISSEMINATION
With the past decades there has been burst of research activities and agriculture in Nigeria Universities and agricultural research centre located around all country far researching innovation that are capable of booting. The farmers agricultural production and NigeriaÕs economic development have been discovered. The yam minisett-techniques, protein rich soyabean production and use of animal vaccine and drugs and labour saving devices are some of the many improved agricultural innovations not properly diffused. Prominent among the agricultural centres are:-
International institute for tropical agriculture (IITA)
The National Root Crops Research Institute. But unfortunately, most of these innovations do not reach the farmers field. This is because the medium for information disseminate in use is quite ineffective.
PRESENT SITUATION
Institutional and governmental organ have been put in place to ensure that farmer get to know and adopt agricultural innovations relevant to their situation e.g. Agricultural extension and research license services (AERLS) The extension service of the agricultural development project (ADP), ministries of agricultural both state and federal levels, media forum for agriculture, co-operation extension centers (CEC) of universities and public enlightenment units of the 18 agricultural research centres. These bodies serve as facilitators of agricultural message by acting as communications departments. They use computer, leaflet, newsletters, posters, exhibits, visual aids and radio, programmes to communicate agricultural information. Radio and television programmes are popular although controlled by government with its attendant problems regarding the choice of programmes of all the existing channels of extension highest in terms of providing credible information and advice, especially on agricultural technology.
A major function of extension is to get the farmers into frame, is fairly widespread in the middle belt region of Nigeria where information about fertilizer is well diffused. Even through the demand for fertilizer is buyout, the supply is mostly inadequate to meet the demands.
Apart from use of extension for diffusion of agricultural innovation, other channels like rural development field staff, contact farmer, schoolteacherÕs private sector, agric-business people staff of the ministry of agriculture and the electronic and print media are used. These channels have their strengths and weakness farmer to strengthen the effort of the print and broading media in ensuring proper agricultural information dissemination to farmers the media forum for agricultures was formed by media practitioners from all over Nigeria, with the aim of providing better support for agriculture by improving the quality of agricultural coverage in the media.
Again the targeted audience is not properly reached as the main beneficiaries of information carried by printed media and broad casting are urban elites not people at the grass root.
The purpose of agricultural development programmes (ADP) was to evolve a new concept of reaching the farmer with research findings and new discoveries in farming operations, this was not so, owing to the fact that most times farmers are left on their own while extension workers were quite busy trying to urbanize their work/accommodations. The problem of agricultural development cannot be discussed only in term of policies of the federal government the technique of production, which emanated from ignorance of the improved techniques of farming accounted for problems. Nigeria were more familiar with traditional technique which was in novelty and so not many Nigeria farmerÕs got used to.
1.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ANAMBRA STATE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
Historical background:- Background study of agricultural development programme: Anambra state agricultural development programme (ASADEP), was inaugurated 5th, 1985 as one of the multi-state agricultural development project (MSADP-1) made up to the South East States.
A tripartite arrangement between the World Bank, FGNANSG ensures proper finding for ASADEP. No wonder in 1986, the federal government signed a loan agreement of USD 162 million for all MSADP-I which at present includes the following states: Anambra, Abia, Akwa-Ibom, Cross-River, Ebonyi, Enugu, Imo, Kogi, Plateau and Benue.
Old Anambra state (Anambra and Enugu States) got USD 22.4 million. That loan was terminated at June 30th 1995. There was an IFAA (International food and agricultural development). Loan of about USD 1.5 million expired in June 1997. Following the creation of state in Auguest 27, 1991 old Anambra state bifurcated into Anambra and Enugu states. It thus became necessary to restructure the former Anambra ADP and to establish two ADPS from the new territories. The World Bank provided fund for the creation of new headquarter builder in Anambra State. In January 1992, the present ASADP moved from Enugu to temporary office at Enugu ÐUkwu. It was later moved to its own multi-naira magnificent headquaters office complex. In October 1995, the edifice is located on kilometer 41, Enugu-Onitsha express Awka.
The broad objective is to improve the standard of living and welfare of the rural smell-scales/holder farmer, throughout the state of raising by their productivity and farm income, via integrated rural development.
1.3 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Despite government effort to promote food production in Nigeria-through the use of various policy and programme, it appears that the efforts are yet to yield enough result. Village farmers are still lacking information about the latest research findings even where available, many still have no access to it. Government is bombarding public eardrum with slogans and platitudes: operation feed the nation, green revolution, self reliance-lots of publication in different forms like journals, books and bulletin were produced and circulated among organization agricultural productivity at the village level is still at the low ebb. The impact of new research finding is yet to be filed at the village level. Farmers are yearning for new technology that will enhance their productivity. Information for development is not to be advantages of the rural farmers the problems militating against effective dissemination of information to farmers are:
Lack of adequate and prompt fund for public awareness activities, lack of adequate and undated materials for research purposes, communication barrier, topography, wrong perception of researchers towards farmer illiteracy and superiority complex of research over farmers. In order to find out place of information in agricultural development, an analytical research of this nature is necessary and data gathered will provide empirical evidence that will guide policy makers, students, researchers, extension workers and development bank officers for formulation new and better policy.
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
i. To determine the role of information in Agricultural Development in Nigeria.
ii. To test the justification for investing Agricultural Information.
iii. To determine various sources of information flows
iv. To determine whether the research finding disseminated accomplish the target goal among farmers.
v. To identify the effect of information in agriculture productivity.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Any society with inhibiting humanÕs must be adequately informed in view of the relevance of information to every individual in all shares of life. Specially for agricultural extension staff, researchers and to entire people concerned in the society.
The finding of the study will be used to the farmers, extension workers, researchers, scientists, contract farmers, factories and plantation officers university staffs and development consultants.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This research work is limited to information dissemination on agriculture in Nigeria in development of Anambra Sate agricultural development programme (ADP) Awka.
1.7 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
i. What are the role of information in Agricultural development in Nigeria ?
ii To what extent is justification for investigating Agricultural information?
iii. What are the various source of information flow?
iv. Do the research findings disseminated accomplish the target goal among farmers?
v. What are the effect of information in Agriculture productivity?
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
For the purpose of understanding this project work under study, the following terms are relevant to point out.
1. INFORMATION
Information as a process by which the form of an object of knowledge is impressed upon the apprehending mind so as to bring about the state of knowing it. This also includes some thing received or perceived or obtained through informing eg. knowledge communicated by other or obtained from investigation, study or instruction.
2. AGRICULTURE
Is the production of crops and animals from manÕs use? In order words, agriculture is defined as the deliberate effort made by man to till the soil, cultivate crop and rear animals for food and other purposes.
3. AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION DISSEMINATION
The National Root Crops research Institute. But unfortunately, most of these innovations do not reach the farmers field. This is because the medium for information disseminate in use are quite effective institution and government organ have been put in place to ensure that farmer get to know and adopt agricultural innovations relevant to their situation.
4. ROLE OF INFORMATION IN AGRICULTURE
No one categorically claim to know all the information needs of farmers especially in an information depended sector like agriculture, where there are new and rather complex problems facing farmers every day. It is safe to assert that information need of Nigerian farmers revolves around the resolution of problems such as pest hazards weed control moisture insufficiency, soil fertility, farm credit, labour shortage, soil erosion and so forth.
5. APPLICATION OF AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION
Over the yearÕs faculty members at university of nebraska have design computer network system for direct use by farmers along with wished agricultural specialists. There are now more than a thousand users of the system. The system disseminates/delivers information to clients located in thirty states of US and Canada. |
