Description
ABSTRACT
The study investigated the potentials of oral administration of some flavour enhancers, specifically monosodium glutamate MSG and fermented castor seed oil ogiri, in altering some biochemical parameters and neurobehavioral changes in rats Forty 40 male albino rats of mean weight 11654325g were randomly assigned into five groups AE of eight 8 rats each Rats in group A received 3g glutamate, group B was fed 3g Ajinomoto, group C received 6g Ajinomoto, group D was fed 3g ogiri Each of the doses was thoroughly mixed with 500g standard feed, while group E control was fed 500g standard feed All animals had free access to food and water ad libitum for a period of 4 weeks Monosodium glutamate at a dose of 6g/500g feed significantly Plt;005 increased aspartate aminotransferase activity by 2437 3g Ajinomoto, 6g Ajinomoto and 3g ogiri doses significantly elevated alanine aminotransferase activity by 4312 plt;005, 5862 plt;0001 and 4482 plt;005 respectively Alkaline phosphatase activity also increased in all the groups by 7963 plt;0001, 7383 plt;005, 106 plt;00001 and 7450 plt;005 MSG potentiated body weight, food and water intakes of rats when compared with the control The concentration of triglyceride significantly plt;00001 increased in rats treated with glutamate, while nominal increase was observed in rats fed Ajinomoto and ogiri In addition, these flavour enhancers did not affect cholesterol, although slight decrease in HDLcholesterol was obtained Ogiri consumption induced hyperglycemia by significantly plt;00001 elevated glucose concentration by 4493 in rats Rats fed 6g Ajinomoto showed a significantly plt;005 increased total protein concentration by 1004 Flavour enhancers markedly plt;00001 altered the neurobehavioral performance in rats The alteration manifested as less time spent in the open arm during the elevated plus maze EPM test The results emanating from this study suggest that flavour enhancers might have some deleterious effects on some organs, including the bone, as manifested by increased alkaline phosphatase activity, and altered neurobehavioral performance of rats Also, oral consumption of ogiri may have affected glucose utilization
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page i
Certification ii
Approval page iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgment v
Table of content vi
List of tables x
List of figure xi
Abstract xii
Chapter One
Introduction1
11 Flavour enhancers1
12 Rationale for the study5
13 Aim of the study6
14 Objectives6
Chapter Two
Literature review7
21 Monosodium glutamate7
22 Glutamate metabolism in the body9
23 Glutamate: an amino acid acting as an excitatory neurotransmitter13
24 The role of glutamate in neurobehavioral alteration and neurological disorders19
241 Anxiety disorders21
242 Animal models of anxiety The elevated plus maze23
243 Parkinsons disease25
244 Clinical characteristics of Parkinsons disease26
245 Glutamatergic animal models of schizophrenia28
25 Medicinal uses of Ricinus communis Castor32
Chapter Three
Materials and methods36
31 Materials36
32 Preparation of ogiri36
33 Animals37
34 Experimental design37
35 Blood collection38
36 Biochemical assays38
361 Determination of plasma glucose38
362 Determination of total cholesterol39
363 Determination of triglyceride39
364 Determination of high density lipoprotein40
365 Determination of aspartate amino transferase AST40
366 Determination of alanine amino transferase ALT41
367 Determination of alkaline Phosphatase ALP41
368 Determination of total protein41
37 Behavioral test42
38 Statistical analysis43
Chapter Four
Results44
41 Body weight44
42 Food and water intakes44
43 Liver enzyme activities45
431 Aspartate aminotransferase AST45
432 Alanine aminotransferase ALT46
433 Alkaline phosphatase ALP46
44 Lipid profile46
441 Triglyceride46
442 Total cholesterol47
443 High density lipoprotein47
45 Blood glucose48
46 Total protein48
47 Behavioral Test48
Chapter Five
Discussion58
Conclusion67
References68
Appendix90
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