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THE IMPACT OF COST CONTROL IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES AS WELL AS ITS PROBLEM
projectslib9817326476
ABSTRACT
These research works try as much as possible
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CAPITAL MARKET A TOOL FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES
projectslib9873526477
ABSTRACT
The role of the Capital Market, its operations
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EFFECTIVENESS OF PRICING POLICY AND PROFIT PLANNING IN NIGERIAN ORGANIZATIONS: A PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL OF SOME SELECTED MANUFACTURING FIRMS.
projectslib7345326474
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACK GROUND OF THE STUDY
In modern
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AN ASSESSMENT OF COST PERFORMANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN PRIVATIZED PUBLIC ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA (A STUDY OF OANDO (UNIPETROL) PLC)
projectslib7831126471
Abstract
Despite an impressive level of privatization activity across
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EVALUATION OF VALUE FOR MONEY AUDIT, AS A TOOL FOR FRAUD CONTROL IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR (A STUDY OF POWER HOLDING COMPANY OF NIGERIA ABUJA)
projectslib5948826463
ABSTRACT
The scope of governmental auditing has been widened
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THE IMPACT OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ACCOUNTABILITY,PROBITY AND TRANSPARENCY IN THE FEDERAL CIVIL SERVICES A CASE STUDY OF THE FEDERAL MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
projectslib8516126462
ABSTRACT
The central idea of this study was to
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FRAUD: DETECTION AND PREVENTION IN THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR IN NIGERIA
projectslib8168126458
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
Both public and private sector in
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BUDGETING AND BUDGETARY CONTROL SYSTEM AS A TOOL THE DECISION MAKING IN AN ORGANISATION
projectslib2567326457
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 General Introduction
One of the basis finding of
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THE IMPACT OF ACCOUNTANCY INFORMATION ON DECISION MAKING PROCESS
projectslib7864126371
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY.
At independence,
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THE ROLE OF A SECRETARY IN OFFICE ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT
projectslib3489426381
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THE RELEVANCE OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION TO FRONTLINE MANAGERS
projectslib9336926377
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Business firms are established to achieve specific
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A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF VALUE FOR MONEY AUDIT IN PUBLIC SECTOR (A case study of selected Parastatals in Enugu State).
projectslib9324826454
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Auditing has existed
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THE APPLICATION OF INVESTMENT APPRAISAL TECHNIQUE FOR PROJECT SELECTION IN NIGERIA COMPANIES
projectslib3977426379
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 General Introduction
In Nigerian Companies, investment appraisal techniques
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THE ROLE OF RATIO ANALYSIS IN BUSINESS DECISIONS A CASE STUDY OF O. JACO BROS. ENT. (NIG.) LTD., ABA, ABIA STATE
projectslib9757526382
ABSTRACT
Accounting information provided by means of financial statements
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MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF INVENTORY IN GOVERNMENT HEALTH INSTITUTION
projectslib3733826378
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Inventories occupy the
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A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOFTWARE ACCOUNTING PACKAGE SYSTEM AND MANUAL ACCOUNTING SYSTEM. A STUDY OF SELECTED COMPUTERIZED COMPANIES IN ENUGU AND ANAMBRA STATE
projectslib4423726384
ABSTRACT
This research study is a comparative analysis of
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AN ANALYSIS OF CREDIT MANAGEMENT IN THE BANKING INDUSTRY (A CASE STUDY FIRST BANK OF NIGERIA PLC.)ABSTRACT Credit extension is an essential function of banks and bank management strive to satisfy the legitimate credit needs of the community it tends to serve. This study is aimed at analysing the credit management in the banking industry in Nigeria with particular reference to first Bank of Nigeria PLC. The importance of credit in the economic growth and development of a country cannot be overemphasized. Despite the important role played by credit in the economy, it is associated with a catalogue of risks. The Nigeria banking industry witnessed some failures prior to the consolidation era due to imprudent lending that finally led to bad debt and some ethical facts. The issue of non performance of asset and declaring of ficticious project has become the order of the day in our banking system as a result of poor credit management leading to bank distress in the industry. Three hypotheses were formulated and tested through use of chisquare on questionnaires administered to various respondents. From the data collected and the tested hypothesis, results showed that: i Inadequate feasibility study affects loan repayment in the banking industry, ii The diversion of bank loan to unprofitable ventures affects loan repayment and iii The problem of poor attention given to distribution of loan has negative effect on banks performance. Amongst several recommendations were the following: a Banks should establish sound and competent credit management unit and recruit well motivated staffs b Banks should ensure that the chief executive avoid approval in principle in the credit management, and c Banks should have a monitoring and control unit or department to carry out a sort of post modern exercise by way of controlling and monitoring credit facilities and also ensuring completeness of all conditions precedent to draw down. CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Credit management in our banking sector today has taken a different dimension from what it used to be. The banking industry has adopted a lot of strategies in checking credit management in order to stay in business. Thu the banking industry in Nigeria has lost large amount of money as a result of the turning source of credit exposure and taken interest rate position. Nigerian banks are being required in the market because of their competence to provide transaction efficiency, market knowledge and funding capability. To perform these roles, the banks act as the most important participants in their transaction process of which they use their own balance sheet to make it easier and making sure that their associated risk is absorbed. Credit extension is essential function of banks and the bank management strive to satisfy the legitimate credit needs of the community it tends to serve. This credit advances by banks as a debtor to the depositor requires exercising prudence in handling the funds of depositors. The Central Bank of Nigeria established a credit act in 1990 which empowered banks to render returns to the credit risk management system in respect to its entire customers with aggregate outstanding debit balance of one million naira and above Ijaiya G.T and Abdulraheem A 2000. This made Nigerian banks to universally embark on upgrading their control system and risk management because this coincidental activity is recognized as the industry physiological weakness to financial risk. The researcher, a New yolkbased, said that 40 of Nigerian banks that made up exchange rate value in west Africa, has reduced the operating lending as a result of bad debts which hit more than 10 billion in 2009 and this has led to a tiedup questioning asset that is holding almost half of Nigerian banks. The banks identify the existence of destructive debtors in the banking system whose method involved responding to their debt obligations in some banks and tried to have contract of new debts in other banks. Banks are trying to make the database of credit risk management system more open for them to be more functional and recognized as to enable banks to enquire or render statutory returns on borrowers. There are some banking practices which increase the risks in the bank and cannot be easily changed. This result still leads to the question: what are the possible ways that will help make Nigerian banks manage their credit risks Credit risk management helps credit expert to know when to accept a credit applicant as to avoid destroying the banks reputation and making decision in order to explore unavoidable credit risk which gives more profit. Controlling a risk results in encouraging rewards that give internal audit more technical support service and customized training in banks or financial institutions. This research is presented to outline, find, investigate and report different state of techniques in risk management in the banking industry 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM In the history of development of the Nigerian banking industry, it can be seen that most of the failures experienced in the industry prior to the consolidation era were results of imprudent lending that finally led to bad loans and some other unethical factors Job, A.A Ogundepo Aand Olanirul 2008. Also the problem of poor attention given to distribution of loans has its effect on the banks performance. Most of the people collected loan from the banks and diverted the money to unprofitable ventures. Some bankers are not actually considering the necessary criteria for disbursement of loans to the customer. This work therefore intends to outline, explain these problems identify the causes and suggests lasting solutions to the problems associated with credit management and consequently banks debts. 1:3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The objectives of this study is as follows 1. To examine how feasibility study affect loan repayment in the banking industry. 2. To highlight the extent in which diversion of bank loans to unprofitable ventures affect loan repayment. 3. To examine how distribution of loans affect banks performance if banks give proper attention. 1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS Bank lending is said to be effective if it successfully achieves the bankers obligation of maximum liquidity to the depositors. The questions here are 1. To what extent does feasibility study affect loan repayment in the banking industry 2. To what extent does diversion of bank loans to unprofitable venture affect loan repayment 3. Does distribution of loans have effect on banks performance if given proper attention 1.5. SCOPE OF THE STUDY This study is aimed at analysing the credit management in the banking industry in Nigeria with a particular reference to First Bank of Nigeria plc. The study intends to analyse the credit facilities in banking industry. It also reviews the various concepts procedures for efficient and effective credit management. It examines the success and failure if any as well as recommending corrective measure. 1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This study will be useful to the executive and managers in the banking industry and other financial institutions. This is because it provides guidance which will enhance effect and efficient credit management aimed at attaining and boosting maximum profitability and liquidity in their banks. The depositor public on the other hand will be more enlightened on the need to be honest and fulfil the responsibilities in credit transaction with the banks so that they can look up to improve service from the banks. Finally to the researcher, this is an eye opener because as a potential manager it will guide one in future on how to manage credit facilities. 1.7 DEFFINATION OF TERMS Below are the major terms used in the course of this research work. 1 BANKRUPTCY: A state where a person or firm is unable to meet their financial obligations. 2 MANAGEMENT: management is the study of decisionmakers from the supervisor and line managers at lower levels to the Board of Directors. 3 LOANS AND ADVANCES: These are credit facilities granted by banks to their customers. They could be short, medium or long term depending on the length of period of repayment 4 OVERDRAFT: A credit facility usually short term granted by banks to current account holders and it carries interest charges on daily basis 5 BANK: Section 61 of BOFIA 1991 Act defines a banking business as business of receiving deposits on current account or other similar account paying or collecting cheques drawn by or paid in by customers. 6 CUSTOMER: A person is a customer if he or she has account with the bank.
projectslib7241426385
ABSTRACT
Credit extension is an essential function of banks
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ACCOUNTING INFORMATION: A TOOL FOR DECISION MAKING IN AN ORGANISATION
projectslib9981626383
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
Accounting is something other than a set
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THE ROLE OF FEDERAL MORTGAGE BANK IN ALLIVIATING POVERTY IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL HOUSING AUTHORITY ABUJA)
projectslib5372226386
CHAPTER ONE
1.0. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
The term housing when broadly
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VARIANCE ACCOUNTING: A TOOL FOR MEASURING PROGRESS TOWARDS AND ACHIEVING COMPANY OBJECTIVESABSTRACT The research work is carried out specifically to appreciate value Added Tax as an important source of revenue to the government in Nigeria and its importance to the development of business organisation. The research work analyse the purpose, problems, significance and also the questions relating to the importance of value Added Tax as a source of revenue to the government in Nigeria. In view of this, the research work is discussed under five chapters. Chapter one, focuses on the general introduction of the topic under view, stating the questions and hypothesis. Chapter two deals with the review of the related literature, philosophy and the history of VAT in Nigeria, along with some specific government responsibilities, and also general appraisal of VAT administration in Nigeria, scope, nature and operational character. Chapter three is about research methodology, to see the important of Value Added Tax as a source of revenue to the government in Nigeria, the research design is used, data collection instrument and sampling techniques. Chapter four deals with classification of responses, the information gathered from questionnaires and how such information are tested using hypothesis. Chapter five focused on the summary of findings, conclusion, scope and limitations and finally recommendations. CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction Taxation is an important factor in Economic planning and also an agent for social change. It is perhaps the last to understand and most unappreciated instrument among other government policies by the citizens, yet they expect government to provide some services. This must probably owing to the fact that most people, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria, have very little knowledge of how the machineries of government operate. Thus, the taxman is seen by an average Nigeria as a monster always ready to prey on its victims, or a plague that must be avoided at all cost. Benjamin Franklin, Philosopher, observed that in this world nothing is certain but death and taxes. The certainty of taxes have been established long in Nigeria. Before the arrival of the Colonial Masters, Nigeria had been paying taxes in kind by giving farm products to their rulers and rendering free services such as clearing the bush, digging pit toilets, well e.t.c., for the benefits of the community as a whole. Income tax was first introduced in Nigeria in 1904 by the Late Lord Lugard, various types of taxes there after come into being through subsequences government. Despite the fact that there are other sources government could generate revenue to fashion a society everyone can be proud of. Taxes are not new in Nigeria but Value Added Tax VAT is the most recent form of tax known to Nigerians. The idea of introducing VAT in Nigeria came from the report of the study groups set up the Federal Government in 1991, review the entire fan system VAT was proposed and a committee was set up by carrying out feasibility studies on its implementation. In January 1993, government agreed to introduce VAT by the middle of the year, it was later shifted to 1st September 1993, by which time the relevance legislature Decree No 102 of 1993 would have been made and proper ground work done. VAT, which replaces sales tax in Nigeria, is administered by the Federal Inland Revenue Services F.I.R.S through VAT directorate in close cooperation with the Nigeria custom services NcS and the State Inland Revenue Services S.I.R.S. The rationale behind replacing sales tax with the VAT is in formed by a number of factors and consideration notable: i. The base of sales tax in Nigeria s operate under Decree No 7 of narrow. It covers only nine categories of goods plus sales and services in Registered hotels, motels and similar establishments. The narrow base of the tax which negated the fundamental principles of consumption tax which by nature is expected to cut across all consumable goods and services, VAT base is border and included most professional services and banking transaction which are profit generating sectors. ii. Only locally manufacturer good were aimed by the sales tax Decree 1986, although this might not have been the intention of the law. Vat is neutral in this regard. Under VAT, a considerable part of the tax to be realised is form imported goods. This means that under the new VAT, locally manufactured goods will not be placed at a disadvantages relative to imports. iii. Since VAT is based in general consumption behaviour of the people, the expected high yield from it will boost from the payer of the tax. In the light of the foregoing, a seminar of this among the people to the effect that government derives the bulk revenue required for meeting its obligation to the people through taxation. 1.1 Statement of the Problem The introduction of Value Added Tax into Nigeria tax system was greatly antagonised by its critics, more and more organisations are being a registered person. Every organisation that trades in goods and services for a consideration is obliged to register with the FIRS VAT Directorate. The registration covers all the business activities of the organisation. The following are some of the problems encountered in the introduction of Value Added Tax: i. Inaccurate computation of Value Added Tax figures. ii. Incompliance of infant industries with Value Added Tax Directorate. iii. Illiteracy of some rural areas about Value Added Tax. iv. Lack of information on VAT to new industries. v. Incomplete information in the tax invoice of a customer: With these problems, the VAT directorate found it rather difficult to balance the final account which provides information to other VAT officials. Therefore, there is need for the introduction of Value Added Tax for the progress of modern business organisation. 1.2 Objective of the Study The broad objectives of this project work are summarised as follows: To improve the effectiveness of VAT in reducing over dependence on oil sector by the nation To determine the importance of VAT as a source of revenue to the government in Nigeria To ascertain whether the federal Inland Revenue Services can help the profit tempo in the nearest future To rectify the existing lapses in VAT administration so as to minimise the level of tax evasion. To determine the efficiency of Federal Inland Revenue Services in effective administration of Value Added Tax in Nigeria To ascertain the extent to which VAT can provide revenue to finance basis infrastructure for industrial development 1.3 Significances of the Study This research work would serve as a reference to interested parties that is; student, researcher and so on. It would also add to the body of knowledge. This would enhance better understanding of the importance of Value Added Tax as a source of revenue to Government in Nigeria. Other corporate or manufacturing organisations, the government and also the individual would understand more about the following: i. How VAT has been able to give a desire impact by generating revenue, which is the beginning of reduction of over dependence on oil revenue. ii. How to evaluate the work of the F.I.R.S and necessary suggestion about how to keep up with this great achievement in the Nation Fiscal Policy. 1.4 Research Hypothesis Hypothesis is a tentative statement about the relationship among variables which is testable. HO : Null Hypothesis HO : There is no positive correlation between the operation of Vat introduction and its acceptance by the industries. Hii : ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS Hi : There is a positive correlation between the operation of VAT and its acceptance by the industries. 1.5 Scope of the Study The research for this study has involved definition of the subject matter. Researcher has endeavour to reveal its urgent report, its work among business organisation, benefits it entail and its surrounding. 1.6 Limitation of the Study The scope of study is limited by the following: 1. Availability of accurate data due to inadequacy of most available of data being approximated. And for audited as far as privacy imposed for logistics reasons by the case study in her vital document and in information. 2. Time Factor: The time for the commencement and completion of this project work allows only for a proper but concise account of the subject matter such as contained in the write ups.
projectslib9973326374
ABSTRACT
The research work is carried out specifically to