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EFFECTS OF HOUSING TYPES ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO SPECIES OF EDIBLE SNAIL (Achatina fulica and Achatina achatina)

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ABSTRACT

This research, carried out for a period of thirtysix 36 weeks, investigated the influence of housing types on growth performance and reproductive characteristics of two edible snail species Achatina fulica F and Achatina achatina L One hundred and eighty 180 juvenile snails were used 90 of each species and thirty 30 snails of each species were subjected to each of the three housing treatments in replicates of 15 snails per replicate The housing treatments had the same dimensions 120cm x 60cm x 30cm and were labeled: Treatment A Hutch box, Treatment B Trench pen and Treatment C Minipaddock pen The housing treatments and its surroundings were fitted with a digital thermometer and hygrometer to take daily readings of internal and ambient temperature and humidity The snails in each replicate were fed daily rations of 60g of dry Guinea corn bran, 50g ground egg shell, and water was also supplied The growth parameters investigated were: weekly weight gain, weekly increase in shell length and weekly increase in shell circumference The reproductive parameters investigated were egg production and hatchability of eggs Other parameters investigated were mortality, hibernation, temperature and humidity variations Treatment C produced the highest yield in all the growth parameters for both Achatina fulica and Achatina achatina and means of the weight gain and increase in shell circumference were statistically significant p lt; 005 at 3, 6 and 9 months for Achatina achatina but were not significant for Achatina fulica The means of the shell length increase were also not significant p gt; 005 for the both snail species at 3, 6 and 9 months There was no significant difference P gt; 005 in the means of the reproductive parameters even though the highest yield of egg production and hatchability of eggs were observed in Treatment C for both snail species The least snail mortality and hibernation for both snail species was observed in treatment C The temperature variation was lowest in Treatment C 40oC and highest in Treatment B 69oC The humidity variation was also lowest in Treatment C 145 and highest in Treatment B 159 Treatment C proved to be the best housing type for the production of Achatina achatina and the study recommends that it can be used as nursery, growing and fattening pens for rearing Achatina achatina in the tropics to produce best result while any of the housing types can be used for rearing Achatina fulica

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page i

Approval page ii

Certification iii

Dedication iv

Acknowledgements v

Abstract vi

Table of contents vii

 

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

11 General Background 1

12 Reasons for Embarking on the Study 3

13 Specific Objectives 5

 

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

21 Evolution of Snails 6

22 Snail Taxonomy 7

23 Distribution and Habitat 12

231 Achatina fulica 13

232 Achatina achatina 14

233 Archachatina marginata 14

24 Snail Biology 15

241 Morphology 15

243 Food and Feeding Habits 18

244 Growth 21

245 Reproduction 24

246 Behaviour 28

25 Predators, Parasites and Diseases 32

26 Economic Importance of Snails 34

261 Nutritive Value 34

262 Medicinal Value 35

263 Snails as Pests 36

27 Snail Farming 37

271 Edible Land Snail Species 38

272 Advantages of Snail Farming 41

273 Disadvantages of Snail Farming 41

274 Choosing a Site for Snail Farming 42

2741 Temperature and Humidity 42

2742 Wind Speed and Direction 43

2743 Soil Characteristics 44

275 Constructing a Snailery 46

2751 Characteristics of a Good Snailery 47

2752 Car Tyres, Oil Drums 48

2753 Hutch Boxes 48

2754 Trench Pens 50

2755 Minipaddock pens 51

2756 Freerange pens 51

276 Breeding and Management 53

2761 Selecting Breeding Stock 54

2762 Rearing density 55

2763 Management 56

28 Processing of Snail Meat 57

29 Market 58

 

CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS

31 Study area 60

32 Study Animals 63

33 Sample size 63

34 Housing 64

35 Preliminary study 65

351 Investigating the influence of housing on temperature and humidity 65

352 Feeding trial 66

36 Experimental Design 68

37 Feeding 69

38 Proximate analysis 70

381 Moisture Content 70

382 Crude protein content 71

383 Crude fat content 72

39 Investigating the effects of housing on growth performance 73

310 Investigating the effects of housing treatments on egg Production and Hatchability 74

311 Investigating the effects of housing treatments on mortality and hibernation 75

312 Investigating temperature and humidity variations 76

312 Statistical Analysis 76

 

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULT

411 Preliminary investigation of the influence of housing on temperature 77

412 Preliminary investigation of the influence of housing on humidity 78

42 Proximate analysis of experimental diet 79

43 Weight gain of snails 80

44 Shell length increase of the snails 85

45 Shell Circumference increase of the snails 89

46 Egg production 96

47 Egg hatchability 99

48 Snail mortality and hibernation 101

49 Temperature and humidity variations 103

410 Cost of Construction of the housing types 103

 

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION

51 Housing conditions and growth performance of the snails 105

52 Housing and reproductive characteristics of the snails 112

53 Mortality and hibernation 114

54 Temperature and humidity variations 115

55 Cost of construction of the housing types 117

SUMMARY 118

RECOMMENDATIONS 120

CONCLUSION 121

REFERENCES 122

APPENDIX 130

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