| Content | Comparative phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of Benniseeds and Horned melon seeds grown and consumed within Plateau State
Abstract
This study is aimed at determining some phytochemicals present in benniseed and horned melon seed and their antimicrobial effect on some selected bacteria (Staph. aureus, Salmonella spp, Candida albican and E. coli). Benniseeds and Horned melon seeds have been used as medicinal seeds with minimal toxicity. Results of the phytochemical analysis on benniseed indicate the presence of tannins, saponin, cardiac glycoside, steroid and terpenes and resins with the absence of alkaloid while phytochemical analysis of horned melon seed shows the presence of tannin, cardiac glycoside and steroid and terpene with the absence of saponin, alkaloid and resin. Antimicrobial activity carried out on benniseed shows some inhibition zones at concentration 100 (13.00±16.35), 75% (0.60±0.411and 0.18±0.11) 50% (0.25±0.07 and 2.00±8.25) and 25% (0.35±0.07 and 3.00±6.20) respectively. Using Cucumis metuliferus seed extract, zone of inhibition was observed at concentration 100 (0.88±0.11), 75% (10.00±20.11) and 50% (40.00±80.04) with no inhibition zone at concentration 25%. | Abstract
Viscosity in a layman’s knowledge is the thickness of a fluid, scientifically, it is the measure of a fluid's internal friction. A fluid’s viscosity is determined by viscometers, which is part of a wider science called rheometry. Oil is any neutral, non-pola chemical substance that is a viscous liquid at ambient temperature. The s/i. of viscosity is the Pascal Second[Pa.S]. the Gaussian unit of viscosity is the poise (pdyne s/cm). Stephen and Lucas, 1996). Kinematic viscosity is defined as a measure of flow of a liquid under gravity. Therefore the more viscous the oil is the slower it flows and the less viscous the oil is the faster it flows. | Analysis on selected physico-chemical and microbiological properties of upper Otamiri river.
Abstract
Water samples were collected from Otamiri River at three different sites (Egbu, Emmanuel Collage and Polytechnic Junction Nekede) for a period of four months. The water samples collected were analyzed for some physico-chemical and microbiological parameters which include PH, Temperature Total dissolved solids, BOD, Dissolved Oxygen Zinc, Copper (heavy metals) colour, Odour, Taste, Appearance using standard procedures. The physio-chemical parameters investigated and their mean values for the rainy months and that of the dry months are as follows: Temperature 24.60c (33.30c), PH 6.27 (7.97), conductivity 23.7sus/cm3 (73.08 us/cm3) TSA 11.87 mg/l (57mg/l), TSS 2.53mglc (4.3mg/l), colour 58.3 PTCO (81.7 PTCO), Dissolved oxygen 4.5mglc, BOD 3.42mglc, Copper 0.20(0.12mg/l), Zinc 0.34mglc (0.12mg/l), Nitrate 0.2 (0.68mg/l) and fecal coliform was above WHO standard for drinking water. The results showed that water from Otamiri River is unsafe for drinking since the values of most parameters investigates did not meet the WHO standard and could be a public health concern . | Isolation of micro-organisms from stored pap.
Abstract
The microbial changes which took place during the steeping and storage of pap (ogi) were studied. The steeped water had an initial PH of 6.8 which latter reduced to 4.9 at the end of steeping. The bacterial number for the steeped water ranged from 4.7x104 to 3.2 x 107 cfu/ml while the fungal number ranged from 1.5 x103 to 5.7 x 106 cfu/ml. In the stored pap, pap I had higher count which range from 7.2x104 to 6.0x107 cfu/g while 6.0x107 to 1.6x1011. The fungal count for pap I and II ranged from 8.2 x 105 to 2.5x1012 and 8.2x106 to 3.6x1010 respectively. The bacteria isolated from steeping were Lactabacillus species Bacillus specie, Corynebacterium, streptococcus specie and clostridium species. The fungi were Aspergillus species fusrarium specie, pencillium specie sachanomyces specie and candida specie. The bacteria spp isolated from stored pap were lactobacillus species, streptococcus specie Eubacterium specie, Pseudomonas specie, Baccillus specie, streptococcus specie, Lactobacillus specie, Leucomostoc specie for pap I and II respectively. The fungi isolated were Aspergillus specie, Pensillum specie, fusarium specie, sacharomyces specie, candida specie, Debaryomyces specie for pap I and II respectively. The pap stored without changing water developed an off flavour after 48 hours and is not fit for consumption. On the other hand, the pap stored while changing water is fit and better for consumption. | The determination of acid value levels in commercial soya bean oil and olive oil.
Abstract
This report outlines the study protocols and compares the results obtained for the acid value. The result indicates that the acid value for commercial Soya bean oil after tide was 0.448mg/g and for commercial olive oil after tide was 23.95mg/g. The result for iodine value after liter for Soya bean oil was 15.06mg/g and for olive oil was 18.9mg/g. the result for peroxide value for Soya bean oil was 135mE/kg and for olive oil was 180mE/kg. The result for saponification value for Soya bean was 83.586/md and for olive oil was 101.8. The result for saponifiable matter for Soya bean was 1.705glmd and for olive oil was 1.847glmol. The result is often expressed as the percentage of free acidity. The acid value measures the extent to which the glycerides in the oil have been decomposed by lipase action. The decomposition is accelerated by heat and light. | Construction of a solar powered phone charging booth.
Abstract
Mobile and other smart devices keep on running all the time anywhere and everywhere, draining its battery. Recharging mobiles need a certain time and a suitable place. Sudden shutdown of mobile phones due to lack of charge, creates a huge embargo for people who is in rush to the workplace, market, school, college, office, train and bus station, and so on. It would be great if we could facilitate these people with instant smart device charging opportunities through renewable energy harvesting, which they can avail of whenever they need, on the go. Several pieces of research have been done so far to fulfill this issue of providing itinerant charging facilities to smart devices. Among those developments, some are portable while others are stable large charging stations but the common feature among those is that power generation of these systems are fully or partially based on one or more renewable resources of energy, for example, solar, wind, hand crank generator driven by physical movement etc. Most of these are for public use but some can be intended for commercial purposes too. This article reviews the types/ varieties of renewable sources that have been used for the development of portable or stationary mobile charging stations, along with the features the system comprises. |
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