| Content | CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
This research is on Conflict management in government organizations (a case study of Enugu state housing development corporation (ESHDC). A government organization is a public enterprise run by human beings to achieve certain goals. A public enterprise is an organization created, partly or wholly owned and largely controlled by public authority (government) and which is supposed or expected to operate along industrial, commercial or profit making lines.
Though engaged in commercial activities, they have social responsibilities. For the fact that human being work in these organization in order to achieve the set goals, be it public or private, it is certain that conflict must arise from time to time due to individual and group differences. Conflicts of right and interest among others may be visible.
Feldman et al (1993) said that inter group conflict often result from two main factors viza viz coordination work between groups and organizational control systems. Okpara (1981) was of the opinions that conflict is an invisible outgrowth of functional interdependence and scarcity of resources in modern organizations.
Meanwhile due to the need for organizations in terms of rendering services to the citizenry job opportunities, security of tenure and patronage interalia, conflict resolutions strategies and techniques need very much to be improved in our organizations, particularly the Government owned, they provide goods and services at affordable cost for the well being of the general public, faster and accelerate social progress for economic growth political integration and national development.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
For the fact that human being comes together to put money, machine and materials together to achieve a goal, there are bound to be conflict. And the negative effect of conflict in modern organizations has necessitated this study partnership have split, churches have broken away some Government organizations closed down due to inability to manage conflict. Conflict on its own is not a taboo, it can be functional or dysfunctional what matters is how it is handled.
The negative effect of conflict in organization especially Government owned organization had prompted this study knowing that Government is the largest employer of labour in Nigeria as well as the provides of socio economic and political satisfaction for the citizenry.
Therefore, the Enugu State housing development corporation (ESHDC) which is an Enugu State Government owned organization was chosen as a case study.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
The main objective of this study is to examine the causes of conflicts in the Enugu State Housing Development Corporation (ESDHC). Other objectives arising from the main objective are the following:
- To ascertain how the corporation manages its conflict
- To ascertain in effects of conflict on the corporation
- To evaluate the corporations over all conflict management strategies with a view to making recommendations for improvement.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The study will be guided by the following questions:
- How do conflicts affect the effectiveness and efficiency of the Enugu State Housing Development Corporation?
- In what way does conflict manifest in the corporation?
- What types of conflict resolution strategies are adopted in the corporation?
- What types of conflict occur regularly in the corporation?
- How effective are the adopted strategies in resolving conflicts in the corporation?
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will help to reveal the following to the corporation:
- Types of conflict
- Sources of conflicts
- Strategies for resolving conflict that cannot be presented in modern organization
- The strategies adopted for reducing conflict
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This research is interested in conflict management in Government organization but with particular focus on the Enugu State Development Corporation (ESHDC) as case study.
The paper will investigate conflict management in the corporation from 2000-2006 (7years) under Dr. Chimaraoke Ogbonnaya Nnaman’s Government
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
A numbers of variables including socio-economic political, cultural, environmental and organizational factors are likely to impact on problem of application of conflict. However, time and resources will all only a limited exploration of these subjects.
Conclusion will also be limited to what can deduced from interviews and responses made by respondents and guided by the personal judgment represent the true situation.
Time and financial resources also posed a lot of limitations of this study.
1.8 DEFINITION OF MAJOR TERMS
Conflict: conflict is a serious differences of opinion, wishes etc.
Management: management is a group of people set or organized to discharge a particular work.
Government organization: Government organization is a public enterprises run by human being to achieve certain goals.
Patronage: patronage is the support and encouragement given by a patron. | ABSTRAC
TPublic relations are a planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain goodwill and mutual understanding between an organization and its publics. However, many government establishments like the local government councils do not make use of public relations effectively in the administration of public service. Many Nigerians have not felt the impact of local government administration in their area. There is a distant relationship between promise and performance in the local government setting. This research examines public relations practice in local government management in Khana local government. In order to determine the effect of public relations in this local government council, two instruments were used for data collection. The chosen populace were interview and administration questionnaires. Senior members of staff from the local government councils were interviewed. One thousand, two hundred and eighty three 170 copies of the questionnaire were administered both to local government council staff and the public in the area. However, one thousand, two hundred and twenty-two 170 copies were returned. Percentages and average mean point were used to analyze the data collected.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION: Local government administration in simple parlance entails the beaucratic governance at the grassroot, by implication it is the management of the government structure with the closest proximity to the people. If this definition is accepted by all, then local government administration becomes an expedient process of making the government structure at the lowest level live up to its constitutional responsibility of improving the living conditions of its people and ensuring massive social transformation of its immediate constituency. How best the simplicity of the above conceptualization, should not be allowed to mislead one by determining the true complex system that makes up the local government administration and the process of making this system effectively functional. A critical review of this system particularly when considered within the context of our subject of discuss, will throw light on some various organs and internal substructures like: Local government Management/administration level, the political structure which is made up the Executive, the technocrats example the Civil Servants, the legislative arms etc. by extension, we also have the residential community, the corporate community, the Civil society etc.Local Government is one of mans oldest political institutions. The earliest form of Local Governments existed in the form of clan and village meetings. In fact, democracy itself originated and developed along the lines of local governance initiatives in the ancient Greek city states.In other parts of the world, local governance was developed along the peoples culture and expectations. Prior to colonization, there were in existence in most Africa enclaves, local administrative machineries founded upon traditional institutions. In the area known as Nigeria today, the existing tribes that make up the geographical areas already had one form of local administration or the other. In the Northern part of the country, the Hausa/Fulani practiced a highly centralized form of government with the Emir at the head as both the political and religious leader. The Emir however delegated his power to district heads the Magajis to oversee the districts that made up the emirates. In the Western part of the country, the Oba firmly held power over towns. This power was delegated to the Baale who administered a town or village and paid royalties to the Oba at specified times of the year, Adeyemor 2005. The Igbo of the Eastern part however were republicans and egalitarians in nature. That notwithstanding, there were still in existence, the Ohaneze an assembly of men who sat in the village square to take decisions on behalf of the people. Some parts of the East still have village heads and Igwes who administered a particular town with the advice of the council of elders. Over all, central control was exercised by a body of local chiefs. As the industrial revolution proceeded and towns developed, there came new needs for highways, street paving and lighting, more efficient police, better public health, and, eventually, public education. The colonial administration recognised local administration by enacting the Native Authority Ordinance of 1914, Native Court Ordinance of 1914 and Native Court Revenue Ordinance of 1916 Dike 2011, in www.wikipedia.org. Nonetheless, the period 1976 1979, in which the military administration of Murtala/Obasanjo lasted, is usually regarded as a period of watershed in the annals of Local Government Administration in Nigeria Awotokun, 2005, p.129. It was the first time a concerted effort would be made by the federal government to brighten the future of Local Government. Local Government was not only accorded its place of pride in the socioeconomic wellbeing of the country, it was also seen as a way of bringing government closer to the people. Consequently, a uniform system known as single tier structure was adopted throughout the country. This uniformity can be conceptualized in terms of: a The functions of Local Governments; b The structure of the Local Governments; c The financial resources of the Local Governments; d The place of traditional institutions in the Local Governments; e relationships with State Government; and f Law enforcement. In terms of functions, there was uniformity of function and responsibilities for all the Local Governments throughout the federation. These functions and responsibilities were later to be enshrined in the 1979 Constitution of Nigeria. The political and administrative structures were also uniform in all the Local Governments in Nigeria. Every Local Government council was headed by an elected chairman. The administrative wing was headed by career administrator styled secretary to the Local Governments. In addition all Local Governments were departmentalized Awotokun, 2005, p.129 The 1999 constitution has recognized Local Government existence. The system of Local Government by democratically elected government councils is under this constitution guaranteed, and accordingly, the government of every state shall, subject to Section 8 of this constitution, ensure their existence under a law which provides for the establishment, structure, composition, finance and functions of such councils. Under this composition we have the executive, the legislature and the judiciary. The executive function is vested in the chairman, vicechairman, supervisor or supervisory councilors, and the whole machinery of Local Government bureaucracy. The legislative functions are vested on the councilors, who represent the wards which make up the Local Government Area Federal Republic of Nigeria Constitution 1999. In Nigeria today, there are over 250 ethnic groups with diverse cultures and tongues. These ethnic groups are further divided into communities. These communities form the constituents of most Local Governments in Nigeria. By carving out Local Governments amongst people of the same community, government is preserving such long traditional association and using same to foster the interest of the people concerned. It is on this platform that Adeyemo 2005,p.77 sees Local Government as a system of local administration under local communities that are organized to maintain law and provide some limited range of social amenities. This implies that a Local Government is a political and administrative organ that is empowered by law to administer a specified locality. Participation by the citizens in governance is one of the underlying precepts of democracy and modern day notion of government. Local Governments served as avenues through which the people participate in governance. This is done through participation in the electoral processes and decision making in the local communities. There are 774 Local Government Areas LGAs in Nigeria. Each Local Government Area is administered by a Local Government Council consisting of a chairman who is the Chief Executive of the LGA, and other elected members who are referred to as Councilors. According to Adeyemo 2005,p.79, the basic functions of the Local Government are: a to make appropriate services and development activities responsive to local wishes and initiatives by devolving or delegating them to local representatives body; b to facilitate the exercise of democratic self government close to the Local Government levels of our society, and to encourage initiatives and leadership potential; c To mobilize human and material resources through the involvement of members of the public in their local development; d To provide a two way channel of communication between local communities and government both state and federal. Invariably, this grassroots democracy, as Adeyemo 2005, p.80 calls it, is primarily aimed at giving the vast majority of the people the fullest opportunity to participate in determining their own destiny. But it is obvious that the fourth function listed above is very important because it is the basis by which the government and the people interrelate. These many functions may be cumbersome for the State and Federal Government to perform because of the distance separating them and the people. These functions can be best and effectively performed by the Local Government. Also, due to the vast nature of the country, the presence of government whether at the Federal or State levels have not been felt much at the Local Government. The resultant effects being neglect and distrust for government. In a bid to bring the activities of government closer to the people, Local Governments were created to serve as conduits through which governments policies are communicated to the people. In other words, the creation of Local Government is intended to bring people of common heritage or ancestry together as a political unit to further their interest and increase their participation in government business. One of the channels through which people relate with government and participate in the act of governance is by communication. Communication sustains relationship between people, friends, family, nations, organisation and the target publics and between government and the people. Public relationsPRs is a persuasive communication that can be used to develop and sustain relationship between government and the people. Hence, PRs is accepted as a management function in the formulation of policy and decision making. It is the way in which an organisation makes and keeps contact with those who affect its life and growth. Therefore, skilful management is being given to the effective use and application of PRs for the growth of any organisation Soeze, 2006, p.37. The wellknown definition of public relations as stated by the British Institute of Public Relations BIPR has it that PRs is: the deliberate planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between an organisation and its public as well as the planned effort to establish and improve the degree of mutual understanding between an organisation or individual and any group of persons or organisations with the primary object of assisting that organisation or individual to deserve, acquire and retain a good reputation BIPR, in Oboh and Enobakhare, 2010, 307. The above definition implies that the fundamental purpose of public relations practice is to establish a twoway flow of mutual understanding based on truth, knowledge and full information Nkwocha,1999, p.20. Invariably, PRs entails mutual understanding between an organisation or government and the public. It should be noted that public relations is located within the ambit of governance, industry, community, social affairs, international affairs as well as educational institutions with a calculated vision of bettering mutual understanding. Nigeria operates a federal system of government with the Local Government as the third tier. As the political link between the local people otherwise called the grassroots, and the State Government, Local Government authority enjoy the freedom of action, which makes it possible to discharge the function conferred upon it by the constitution. The enviable position Local Government authority occupies in the political structure of the country imbues people with the expectation that this level of government should bring development to the peoples doorstep Anele, 2008, p.398. The citizens of this country realise the utility of Local Government authority in actualKhanag both collective and genuine goals, and individual interest. However, many have complained of the Local Government functions, and wondered whether they are really close to those in the grassroots. Many argue that the Local Government had not met the aspirations of the public. Perhaps, there is problem of effective use of communication through public relations techniques between the Local Government authorities and those at the grassroots. This study therefore aims to determine effect of public relation on local government management in Khana Local government. | CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study The solidity of Nigeria?s public enterprises became significant immediately after independence on 1st October, 1960. On assumption of power, the nationalists articulated a clear role for public enterprises as instruments for promoting national development. The indigenization policy of 1972 as enacted by the Nigerian Enterprises Promotion Decree of 1972, which took effect from 1st April 1974, with its subsequent amendment in 1976 provided a concrete basis for governments? intensified efforts towards participation in the ownership and management of public enterprises (Elijah, 2009). The government capital investments in public enterprise totaled 23 billion naira between 1975 and 1985. In addition to equity investments, government gave subsidies of 11.5 billion naira to various states for the maintenance of their enterprises (Ogundipe 1986). Government has a lot of roles to play in order to raise the standard of living of her citizens. | CHAPTER ONE
GENERAL OVERVIEW
1.1INTRODUCTION
Development, with respect to countries can be examined from various perspectives, depending on the countries involved For instance, the meaning attached to it by the developed countries could be different from that of the developing or lessdeveloped countries. This, therefore, suggests that there is not likely to be an all embracing description or definition acceptable the world over.
However, Rogerian 1996 argued that development is a widely participatory process of social changes in a society intended to bring about social and material advancement for the majority of people through their gaining of greater control over the environment Similarly, it may not be easy to clearly separate a developing country from a less developed one due to their similarities in terms of features. Although while some believe that there is a distinction between the two others contend that such distinction is without a difference, thereby suggesting that they are one and the same. For purposes of this study, however, the two terminologies, that is, developing and less developed, shall be used interchangeably.
A developing country can be described as one that is still in the process of attaining an acceptable degree of sufficiency in terms of resources. But for any country to attain this height there are some development tools that should be employed, and one of such is Public Relations.
The relevance of public relations in achieving national growth and development in any society can hardly be overemphasized due to due to its various techniques that are highly result oriented.
Most developed countries of the world today have come to the realization of this submission and have made conscious efforts to make the best use of Public Relations techniques to their advantage.
Public Relations revolve round sound organized twoway communication and consistent information dissemination. Information is an aspect of communication and communication is equally a part of public relations. Information creates knowledge and knowledge helps in shaping opinion with a view to winning goodwill that could be built with the aid of Public Relations practices.
Ekpo 1993 argues that Public Relations as a profession is concerned with communicating policies and actions to special groups or the public at large.
Today governments all over the world have employed Public Relations to assist them in governance.
1.2STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
Evidence indicates that developing countries now require public relations techniques as part of the tools necessary in efforts to achieve national development, especially in such areas as mobilization of the citizenry and their enlightenment with respect to the benefits of such a development.
However, some obstacles seem to be affecting the effective use of the available Public Relations techniques in this direction.
The following problems, among others have the tendency of inhibiting the flow of this study:
a Most people in developing countries seem to be ignorant regarding the relevance of public relations activities to their national development
b There tends to be a dearth of modern communication facilities necessary for the effective practice of public relations in developing countries
c Lack of adequate recognition and support from the government of most developing countries seem to be affecting the practice of public relations
d There seems to be insufficient promotional activities of the public relations profession by the different professional bodies charged with such responsibilities
e Inadequate public relations practitioners in developing countries tends to inhibit the practice of public relations in such countries
f Relatively low funding of public relations programmes in such countries is also having an adverse effect on the practice of the profession.
1.3OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The study shall attempt to achieve the following objectives, among others:
1.To examine the factors hindering the effective practice of the public relations profession in developing countries.
2.To satisfy part of the academic requirements for the award of a Masters Degree in Public Relations.
3.To provide an academic challenge to scholars in the area of public relations practice in developing countries.
4.To offer recommendations on what actions to be taken in addressing the identified limitations
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study is significant in the sense that it will provide useful information for the advancement of further studies in the area of public relations.
Also there is much data to provoke subsequent research and development of academic knowledge by way of books, journals, seminar paper, etceteras in this area of study.
Apart from the practical research experience which this study shall avail the researcher, it is also going to be a source of relevant information with respect to the limitations of public relations in developing Countries
The successful completion of this study shall serve as a useful reference for libraries.
Finally, the result of this study shall be a source of information for the general reader who want to probably improve his or her knowledge on issues revolving round the practice of public relations in developing countries.
1.5RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. What are the factors inhibiting the effective practice of public relations in developing countries
2 How can public relations practice be enhanced in developing countries
1.6SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THIS STUDY
Actually, the scope of this study should have been designed to cover most developing countries but due to inadequate resources, the researcher had to use Nigeria as the main unit of analysis.
It is a statement of fact that the average Nigerian researcher is constantly faced with a gamut of interacting variables that tend to impede his/her efforts at promoting learning and improving the functional knowledge of people.
Consequent upon the foregoing, the researcher also had to contend with some problems which include the following:
1.Inadequate finance This was perhaps the greatest problem the researcher encountered because it hampered easy movement around the study area.
2. Time constraint Due to the time limit attached to the submission of this project report, it was impossible for the researcher to cover wider grounds.
3. Indifferent Attitude of Respondents Some of the respondents exhibited some form of lackadaisical attitude in completing the questionnaires and were reluctant to grant oral interviews. This seems to be a confirmation of an argument by Ene Essien 1979 that the main problem associated with the collection of primary data in Nigeria is the reluctance of interviewees to respond to simple questions since such will not put a meal on their tables. As a result of this, therefore, the researcher had to make conscious efforts to disabuse such respondents unfounded prejudices in order to get them respond positively. | CHAPTER ONE
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In 1976 a uniform system of local government was introduced according to local government reforms of 1976 the primary motive is to take development direct from the center to the people at the rural areas through the local government hence the same reform 1976:1 describes local government as a tool for rural development some of these motive are the conscious attempt of the federal government to involve people in the management of their rural affairs through which the human and materials resources of the rural dwellers can be effectively mobilized tapped and into industrialization process.
Since Nigerian started existing as a nation development has been taking place especially in the urban area for the fact that man often craves for what is good it is often that people usually mesh to urban areas where there are provision for the comfort and welfare of man by way social amenities and the infrastructure provision this exodus of people is necessitated by the fact that rural area are often neglected on term of development but those who rush to develop urban areas seen to have forgotten that there every needs to develop the rural are because they are bases the beginning and also terminate destination Odenigwe 1879:4 postulated that the rural subsection of the economy is endeavored with abundant natural resource unharnessed for this to be harnessed would require integrating rural people in he rural development excise through the provision of small scale industries of different types, he defines industrialization as an integrated process of developing industries that would extract manufacture or convert raw materials into finished goods and services industries that means different things to different people and circumstances.
Spie 1968 stated that industrialization embraces the means by which man control or modifies his natural environment it is that great growing engine of charge industrializing is the major means of people adjusting to environment. It has to do it the techniques and tools with which people utilize the materials resources of their environment to satisfy their various needs and desires, industrialization is of course an application of practical or mechanical science to industries or commerce it is a technical know how scientific idea information body of knowledge materials or goods and services capable of being systematic and sequential in the generation communicable and adoptable to application in a given economic political social and cultural money against this background we conclude that industrialization embraces a body of organized knowledge tools and machine used by man to manipulate his environment to satisfy his needs it is no this platform that the subject matter managing rural development through industrialization was drawn.
In managing rural development the basic role of management is to plan organize direct and control it is our collective views that managers lead other than plan man power rather than direct pattern rather than organize and assess rather than control the effectiveness of management arises from leadership effort towards the simultaneous creation of a cooperative and learning organization to facilitate the implementation process of management practices which when implemented support rural and national development organization survival and effective authorization of resource for the benefit of mankind.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Certificate
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of the problems
1.3 Objective of the study
1.4 Research question
1.5 Significance of the study
1.6 Scope of the study
1.7 Limitation of the study
CHAPTER TWO
Review of related literature
2.1 Historical background of Awgu L.G.A
2.2 Industrialization in Awgu Local government
2.3 Advantages of industrialization
2.4 Problems associated with industrialization in the rural area
2.5 Managing rural industrialization
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 Source of data
3.2 Population of the study
3.3 Determination of the samples size
3.4 Sample technique
3.5 Section and construction of instrument
3.6 Administration of research instrument
3.7 Instrument
CHAPTER FOUR
Presentation of data
Analysis of data
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Summary of finding
5.2 Recommendation
5.3 Conclusion
| CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The native authority N.A was the unit of local government in the Northern Region of Nigeria. The establishment of the N.A was one by British colonial administration following the conquest and occupation of the northern Nigeria in 1990, was in recognition of the power assumed to be inherent. In the indigenous institutions. The main then was to use power for the maintenance of law and orders.
When the British came to the northern part of Nigeria they found a well established system of local government particularly in the predominant Muslim area called emirate. These emirates had their own counal with well established police force, treasuries, court, Prison and an accepted traditional code of conduct for emirs and other traditional titleholders which varied from emirate as chairman with a few selected advisers whose teaching of enforcement was at the pleasure of the emirate in the non Muslim chiefdom. Chiefs assisted by traditional councilors ruled some of their councils.
Local government is the lowest tiers of government every where in world. It is very important because it is very close to people as a result of its multi purpose in terms of carrying out socioeconomic services in the local area stimulating and encouraging Local initiative country work as well as promoting the democratic process.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
This local government area was created in January 1970 its headquarter is Gboko. It was first called TSAA GUUMAFA the local government is bounded in the North with Tarka local Government area and in the south with Konshisha and Ushongo local government area, in the North West with Gwer. The local government derived its name from a small tree that grew on top of its hill, complete list of the council wards.
1 Mbakpegh 2 Igyrou 3 Mbatan 4 Gboko South 5 Mbatser
6 Mbakwen 7 Gboko north 8 Gboko west 9 Mbanku
10 Gboko central It Yandev north I2 Yandev south 13 Ukpekpe
14Mbatyu 15 Mbadan 16 Gboko East 17. Mbaverakaa
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
While tracing the problem of local government in rural development at the local government, the researcher in her efforts will attempt to review some problems especially Gboko local government area
i. lack of Primary education
ii. lack of Health care services
iii. lack of social amenities
iv. Poor Road transportation
v. Poor Agricultural development
vi. Lack of water supply.
1.3 RESEARCH QLESTIONS
i. Is lack of primary education is really the problem facing rural development at the local government
ii. Is lacks of Health care services the problem of rural development at the local government level
iii. Also poor Agricultural the problem of rural development at the local government
iv. Poor road transportation is also a problem facing rural development at the local government
v. Lack of social amenities the problem of local government in carrying out their role in rural development
1.4 Purpose Of THE STUDY
i. To investigate if lack of primary education hinder the rural development at the local government.
ii. Does Health care services hinder the rural development at the local government.
iv. Find out whether poor agricultural discourage the role of rural development at the local government
v. To prove it really poor road transportation contributes to the failure of local government for development.
vi. To verified if lack of social amenities contribute to the failure of local government In carrying out its role for rural development
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE Study
This research work is to serve as a catalyst to the local government headers and the people of its environment on their duties to each other and also to serve as a corrective measure to all.
This research will served as an exposure of the local government on the policies and administration to the rural populace within its areas of jurisdiction.
This research will serve as a helping hand to students of local government at least the theoretical aspect of the role of local government in rural development.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY/LIMITATION
The scope of this study limits the research works to the rural development of the local government area.
1.7 DEFINITION OF RELATED TERMS
Various definition may be given awarding to this study in one area of specialization and the same world may mean a different thing to another person therefore the researcher select the basic key words as use in this topic and define them .
LOCAL GOVERNMENT: is a political authority set up by a state as a subordinate authority for the purpose of dispersing or decentralizing political power as well as promoting local initiative and responses to local need.
RURAL DEVELOPMENT: It Refer not only providing jobs opportunity to rural, increased income to rural people but improved community services.
ROLE. Is the function or position that has or expected to have in relationship.
ADMINISTRATION: It is a process of getting things done in the efficient way. |
Reviews
There are no reviews yet.