| Content | CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Record Keeping is the process of collecting, inputting, storing, classifying, summarizing and interpreting data.
Record keeping has two facets financial record keeping and managerial record keeping. The basic purpose of financial record is to assist decision makers in evaluating the financial strength, profitability and future prospects of a business. Managerial record keeping in contrast is tailored to the needs of a particular company. It helps the executives to measure success in carrying out their plans, to identify problems requiring executive attention and to attain company objectives. The purpose of record keeping is to produce financial statement about a business entity. Therefore in this study, we narrowed down to the record keeping system as been practiced by the institution. Nearly all the tasks manually performed by man some years back can now be done in matter of seconds with computer technology. Since the invention of the wonder machine, there has been a change from the manual way of carrying out certain tasks to a faster and more reliable computerized method.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The business centre of Caritas University Amorji Nike Enugu was established with the institution in January 21, 2005. Justifiably, the business centre of Caritas University have the problem of keeping adequate record of financial transactions, workers file and managerial documents accrued by the purpose of planning, accuracy, timely data processing and security. They do this in manual means with its associated problems of insecurity, high cost of operation and long period of time used for processing data. The design and development of computerized record keeping system in the business centre will no doubt bring about immeasurable relief from the problems associated with manual system of record keeping. Therefore, the study is aimed at producing an efficient computer software package that can handle the record keeping system of the business centre.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Business administration of Fidei poly is to an extent manually operated. The recording of staffs employed, students admitted and their activities are done manually in a book, which looks/appears rough. Thus, the books or files are exposed to physical damage by ants and pests, accumulation of dust particles; this makes the contents to be lost, misplaced or even altered. The long queue of students waiting to be attended to, on daily basis, the fatigue, time wasting in daily reports of accounts to the management can be reduced or even eliminated with the introduction of the proposed system.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this study is to develop software that can be used in keeping records of staffs and students received with its activities. Also to promote efficient and quality of services to individuals
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study is primarily aimed at computerizing the manual system of record keeping as used in the business division of Fidei poly. It will help in a good number of ways to ease the queuing method in the business centre.
1.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The major objectives of this study is aimed at developing an automated record keeping system others include
i. To save time fast inputting and accessing of records
ii. To enable the management to plan ahead
iii. To reduce fatigue of the staff
iv. To ensure accuracy in the records
v. To ensure safety of the documents/records, because the system will be passworded to reduce access.
vi. To ensure integrity of the records
vii. To ensure consistency of accounts and reduction of error due to damage
viii. To reduce forgery and loss of records by theft
ix. To promote efficient and quality services
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of the study covers the polytechnic as a whole and users from outside the community
Though, the scope is in such a way that the study can be carried out in one and only way that is computerizing the employee. This will help to modernized the inherent problems encountered by the staff of this organization
1.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This research work thou is automated record system is still limited and dependent on human operation and manipulation in other to perform its work effectively.
Also this research work is limited to power supply as it happens to be the only source of energy therefore without power holding the system cannot work.
Finally this research work is constrain and limited to computer literate those who can operate a computer system effectively and its operation therefore a computer illiterate can not make use of this research work as expected.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Automation: This is the use of control system such as computer to control and process data, reducing the need for human intervention
Database: This refers to a large store of related data on a computer that can be access and modified by the user.
Record: is a document made or received in the course of a practical activity as an instrument or a byproduct of such activity, and set aside for action or reference.
Password: This is a secret code that a user must type into a computer to enable him access it or its applications. This is made up of numbers, letter, special character or a combination of any of the above categories.
Record System: The act of using a computer system to store and update information/data sequentially in order to keep file security.
Computerized: To convert a based system to start using a computer system to control, organize and automate something.
DataEntry: This is the standard input device through which the system gets more of the instructions and commands
Research: A careful study of something, especially to discover new facts or information about it.
System: Set of computer component that is, the assembling of hardware, software and peripherals to function together. | ? CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
? As much as have to receive adequate welfare and entitlements the personnel database must be maintain effectively. The personnel database is the comprehensive information update of employees under a particular employee at a particular time. The maintenance and management of employee information has bee a big problem in the Nigerian society workers denied of their primary and secondary entitlements and the most sad aspect of inadequacy in the maintenance of employee information is the erupt of ghost workers syndrome, this has the greatest thing this laxity in personal database system has caused in the society. The problem of promotion is also on offspring of inadequate personnel database management; who to promote when there is necessity for promotion is always the problem faced by personnel officers in change of promotion exercise.
Workers have suffered a lot under this error of ignorance and sheet wickedness in every activity work of life, the first thing to be observed is always information about the staff involved. This helps to give out desired incentives for the works, to help them put in their best in their work the non-payment of salary or in some cases, the delay in payment of salary is always caused by the problems associated with personnel database.
This work researched into the operational activities of existing system of maintaining personnel database in Enugu state with a view to detecting and solving the problems making it not to work out smoothly.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The problem caused by poor management and maintenance of personnel database in Enugu state is numerous. Th procrastination in payment of workers salary is a work force badly. Because of the fact that act information of worker s in the state is not known the state faces the problem of how to provide incentives for its worker. A lot of public money is been diverted into private purses due to the problem of poor information management concerning personnel records.
? 1.3 PURPOSE OF STUDY
The main purpose of this study is to provide ever lasting solution to the current problems facing the Enugu state personnel database maintenance system through a well computerized design.
1.4 AIM/OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
The primary aim of this work is to make sure that personnel database management system of EnuguState is to serve the citizen better by producing a new computerized system that will tackle the problems currently facing it.
The objectives include:
To create a system that will maintain workers records randomly and give easy and tidy access to the stored record for easy information retrieval.
To maintain a database that will support sorting and searching of records automatically
To maintain an internecine database.
SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM
This study is carried out covering the totality of personnel database system in Enugu state in the areas of quick information retrieval automatic promotion list generation, ghost workers control and timely salary payment
ASSUMPTIONS
If the new design is completely implemented the whole problems associated with the existing system will be all solved.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Work force is the personnel strength of the organization.
Welfare is the condition of comfort in an area of work.
System is a network of interrelated procedures combined to form a unit
Policy is a plan of actions, aims and ideas, sophisticated, having learnt the ways of the world and having lost natural simplicity.
Implementation: carry an undertaking agreement promise into effect.
Information age:The current age of information technology around the globe.
, | CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in the world today. It plays an important part in nation?s economy by producing the opportunities for employment, continuously to the balance of payment and helping in economic growth. Tourism is a multidimensional, multifaceted activity which touches many lives and many business activities.
The application of the use of computer in almost all facet of human endeavor cannot be over stressed. Since the introduction of micro computer, the world of office automation has changed and will continue to be changing with modernization made to the present ones. We are trying to see the impact the computer will make to tourism in Imo State.
Tourism is a manifestation of movement from one place to another. Transportation makes the existence of tourism; transportation produces the possibility for most of these movements in order words transport is an integral part of tourism and conveyor of tourists to different tourist destinations and the activities. Logically, the more accessible tourist resources are the more it is able to attract tourists. There are major models of transportation associated with international tourist movement such as the air transports, train (railways), and automobile.
In a simple term, tourism can be defined as traveling for pleasure, recreation or relaxation. Because of the momental impact of tourism on the global economy. The contemporary definition of tourism higher premium on the transfer of financial resources from the tourists abode to his destination than the purpose of the travel. A tourist therefore can engage in any activity like sports, cultural appreciation, relaxation, religious rejuvenation, business and participation in a conference, to mention but a few. When a tourist leaves his home town for another location in the same country he is classified as a domestic tourist. If he crosses the frontiers of his country, he becomes an international tourist.
The important of this definition of tourism is that the thousands of Imo state citizens residing in various parts of Nigeria who troop home with their annual saving during Christmas, and return to their station with near ? empty wallets in less one week are domestic tourist.
For a country to be counted as a successful tourist destinations it has to record a seasonable blend between domestic and international tourism. Countries as large as Nigeria usually have more domestic than international tourist.
According to Kraal (1999:1B) travel and tourism is now the biggest single industry , employing more than 12million people and producing nearly 100m per year in taxes. It counts for between 25 and 30 percent of world trades in services, travel opportunities can enhance the quality of the human experience in spiritual and national particulars Kriffendorf (1987:20)
? Travel is recuperation and regulation
? Travel is compensation and social integration
? Travel is escape
? Travel is communication
? Travel is broadness the mind
? Travel is freedom and self determination
? Travel is happiness
Nigeria is endowed with inverse natural resources relative to the nations in Africa and even in a global level. A stock of Nigerians vast tourism resources includes peculiar geomorphologic features, historical movement rachis, wild life and game reserves have aptly described Nigeria as a land of contrast.
Imo state has been described as a state richly endowed with natural resources of enormous tourism potential which if fully exploited and well managed are capable of becoming the states major alternative source. A stock of imo states tourism resources include the natural lakes that abound across the state as exemplified by Oguta Lake, the range of hills around Okigwe and environments that can encourage the mind building exercise of mountaineering particularly among the youths. The network of rivers and streams with their sand beaches that are common features in Obowo district, exciting landmarks at owerri, the botanical garden and 300 at Nekede near Owerri, and other numerous sites of tourist attraction.
Tourism industry in Imo state also include hotels and holiday resort in both stock and quality. Recreational facilities for sports and recreation and amusements, monument, historic relics, artifacts and natural sceneries are located in cities and villages across the state. A number of tradition festivals are organized in Imo state yearly. Some of which are of international dimension, namely the canoe regatta in reverine areas traditional wrestling contests which is fast regaining popularity. The Ozuruimo cultural festival, the Mmanwu festival in Igboland, Iri ji festival and a host of others.
These entire enormous tourism heritage can be packaged as an item of international trade through effective marketing strategies and Imo state can launch herself into the fire front of both as a tour destination and helping state to generate foreign exchange. It is basically the aim of this study to examine the Oguta lake Holiday Resort as a tourist center, identifying the problems it encounters and exploring some of the possible benefits that may accrue to state if properly managed.
1.1. OVERVIEW / BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The Oguta lake holiday resort was conceived in 1973 by the East central State Government when it discovered that the lakes with its surrounding sceneries are favorable for the development of tourism. The Oguta lake Holiday Resort is situated in Imo State.
On 2nd September, 1977, the motel was brought under the management of Imo Hotels Owerri. It consists of some bungalows, each bungalow contains fifteen chalets, that needs to be well managed. There as gift course within the immediate vicinity of the hotel. It was eighty staff on a role fifteen senior staff, twenty intermediate staff and forty ? five junior staff. The motel also has thirty one (31) double suites which are expensive furnished and suits. It could be easily converted into single suits. It also engage in outdoor catering and laundering services that needs to be well managed by the management and offers recreational facilities such as Lawn tennis and gift course. Varieties of drinks and beverages are also available.
Other facilities of Oguta lake Holiday Resort include;-
? Children play ground
? Speed boats for water skiing or for leisure trip around the lake
? Picnic facilities
? Conference room, capable of accommodating about 250 people
? Tennis hand courts
? Gift clubs house
Also one of the famous Ojukwu Bunkers is housed in the oguta lake Golf course premises.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The major problem is the slow response, time in handling enquires and making bookings, both customers and traveling agents complain of the difficulty telephone time continuously engaged. This often causes customer to book their tour through other inefficiency of the current system. There is a tendency for aircrafts seats and hotel accommodation to be either over booked or not booked at all . a system is required to overcome those problems but attempting to design a system to eliminate such weakness. It is necessary to analyze the system using structural methodology.
1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Operations carried out in tourism board are numerous. I am therefore restricting myself in his project to those that concern the tourism specially am interested in designing a computer system that will facilitate information and rendering services in Imo State tourism board. This design will be of a greater use both in the projection service and documentation.
1.4 OBJECTIVES
Due to delay characterized by the manual system in discharging the tourism board in Imo State.
We are trying to see how the use of computer can help in these articles and easily the delay hitherto encountered in the old manual system.
1.5 Limitation Of The Study
In the cause of accomplishing these tasks, lots of hindrances and experiences where entertained or encountered. It makes it intricate to have the background knowledge as a result limited source of information collected.
Getting access to materials for the work as a difficult problem : most books were not on the library an when you found any there it will either not be a current edition or some part of it must have been tour off and taken away by people.
Again finding also posed its own constraints in the courses of this research. Some areas which needed absolute coverage that will be helpful in data collection were not reached de to the lack of funds.
Above all, the researcher still find with limits of his capability to ensure that the project was presented. Despite all these handicaps, however adequate data was collected so as to ensure objective and meaningful deductions and organizations.
1.6 Significance Of The Study
The essence of undertaking any research work is to solve an educational problem, bearing this in mind; the study is geared towards the following.
1 This research is expected to provide useful output for a more effective operations of the tourism destinations in Imo state as a whole
2 To the managers of tourist center, this study provides useful information for strategic and profitable management of tourism centers
3 To the government, the study appraises various government guidelines and offer some suggestions for more effective efficient operations of the resort centers.
4 To the general public, the research provides an awareness of the problem and prospects of the tourist destinations in Imo State in such a way that it will broaden the knowledge and understanding of the public at large.
5 The research will add to the existing literature of the subject and raise some issues that may lead to future work on the subject.
1.7 Definitions of Terms
1 Computer: an electronic device, which on receipts of information appropriate input, is capable of processing the inputs according to a set of previously supplied instruction and making the result (output) available if designed.
2 Program: series of instructions given to the computer
3 Address: bills to address, where we send customers document
4 File: a collection of related records
5 Booking references: old booking and when booking new one with reference
6 Tourist: this is a person or an individual who is traveling or visiting a place for pleasure or business.
7 Tourism industries: this refers to those industries that also at are concerned with the provision of comprehensive range of recreation facilities and entertainment where people can enjoy themselves.
8 Resort: a place to which people go frequently or habitually for rest
9 Resort center: a site designed to attract tourists especially for the purpose of exploiting them
10 Transportation: is a means of convening people or something from one place to another. It also makes the existence of tourism.
11 Domestic tourist: this is a person or an individual who leaves his home for another location in same country
12 International tourist: this is regarded as a person or an individual who leaves his country to another country
13 Business telephone number: telephone number in the business place.
14 Customer: a tourism business system customer | CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Children are heritage of the cord and the fruit of the womb is his reward. As arrows are in the hands of the mighty man, so are children of the youth happy is the man that hath his quiver full of them (ps127:3-5) that the African child occupies a strategic position in the family and in the society and in the nation is not an over statement and cannot be underplayed. The child is considered as the life. Wire of the family and the society at large to the extent that any couple that is not blessed with a child is looked upon with pity and sometimes sympathized with.
There is the need to know who is a child and what is child care.
In traditional and even contemporary African, various ethic groups have different concepts of who is a child while some ethic groups see one one as a child in so far as she can contribute to the development of the society some other see it in terms of one who has not yet attained the age of initiation into the age grade. Sven in contemporary Nigeria for examples Olukoshi etal (1990) posited that.
There is not one acceptable age, which is considered as a worthy definition of the upper limit of child hood. The age at which a child can become capable in law for his actions or her actions the age at which childhood begins in terms of the right to vote and be voted for and the age considered by the federal ministry of youth and culture and education as being the upper limit of childhood different. Even internationally there are divergent definitions as to who is a child. Where as the international labour organization and the united nations population division refers to a child as those below 18year of age the 1989 convention on the right of the child states that a child means every human being below the age of 18year. Even though there are divergent opinions and views as to what is the age limit of child it is the views of this author that a child is anybody between birth to completion of physiologically/ psychological and physical development. In order words anybody between ages zero of his/her birth to 18years is a child.
Child care in the other hand is a kind of human acts that jeopardizes the physical psychological and the featuring of the child either intentionally or unintentionally child care is characterized on the continuum by sexual care (either cast agreed or by agreement)
Child labour
Child smart
Child self control
Child honest
Child dependable
Child efficient respectable
Child not as breadwinner
Child not starving away from home
Providing a child with food and shelter
Giving of educational right to a child
Giving medical assertion of a child
Avoiding abandonment of a child
Avoiding child slavery abandonment of a child
Avoiding child slavery.
Child acre is connoted acts of giving basic needs right and deeds of child by parents/ guardians, which will pair the well being of a child. Caring can also take the from of adequate provision of resources for the welfare of the child both now and in future.
Also they do not encounter problem of misplacement of vita information or records as a result of services not being available or rendered when needed duplications of effort due to inconsistency in activities and time that is taken in search of file when it is required for processing.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
In every organization there are numerous problems that they encounter. An organization like UNICEF encounter problem in their area of documentation which includes misplacement of vital information or cases as a result of the services that are available or rendered when it is needed duplications of effort due to inconsistency in activities and a lot of time is taken in search of file or reported cases when it is needed for processing.
Sit is actually this problem that is discovered that promoted for the design and implementation of a comprised child care information system to enable the organization to work more effectively
1.3 PURPOSE OF STUDY
The purpose of this study is to design and implement a system that will eliminate the above listed problems, as misplacement of important reported cases documents and records duplications of effort and a lot of time that is required or taken when searching an processing of cases and files.
1.4 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The aims and objectives of the project is to study how the organization (UNICEF) operational aims and other activities are performed.
It aimed at detecting problems that pose obstacle with a view of modifying the operations and developing a new computerized system that will be more efficient and accurate such as:
In the area of misplacement of vital documents a computer will be used to record store and retrieval of large volume of documents. Which will reduce the duplications of efforts due to inconsistency in activities and time that is taken in search of file when it is required for processing
1.5 DELIMITATION/ SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study is specifically concerned with the computerized child care and carrying of the Enugu information centre of UNICEF. Although a lot of activities are being performed by this centre. This work is therefore concerned with childcare and caring manipulation of both the care and reporter of a case.
1.6 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
One to lack of time and resources the study is limited to certain area concerned with only gathering of cases on clients and personnel records and processing them using a computer.
1.7 ASSUMPTION
Apparently before I started this works I assumed a successful completion by division grace of God and the cooperation of workers of UNICEF in supplying me with date/information needed for the successful completion of this project.
In terms of material resources monetary and personnel resources the researcher had me up with them. In fact it is believed that facts are valid.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
A child: A child means every human being below the age of 18 years unless under the law applicable to the child majority is attained
Childcare: That is any kind of human act that jeopardizes the physical psychological and the futurity of the child either intentionally or intentionally.
Child caring: This connote the act of giving basic needs rights and deals of the child by parents/ guardians peer and government and cultural community which will pair the well being of a child. Caring can also take the form of adequate provision of resources for the welfare of the child both now in future
Flowchart: This is the graphical representation of the logical step and sequence involved in a procedure are program.
Date: This can be defined as groups of non-random symbols (words value figures) which represent things that have happened.
Information: This is the resource that enables the collection management control and dissemination of information throughout an organization.
Monitoring: This is to keep watch and see who denies children the rights and take the necessary steps to stop this. | CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
In a bid to solve their problems and make life less cumbersome have been evolving from one idea to another. They have tried many way to actualize their dreams. But unfortunately, there are little or no progress because they did not hav the technologies to carry them through for technologically and scientifically they were but full of crude ideas.
Technological developments penetrates through the century and enable man to do many things without much problem. Suffice it to say that it is the quest to make life better and less cumbersome that the Almighty technological too ? computer ever know and seen by man enters. It is reshaping our world and will go on reshaping it.
The history of computer and computing may said to begin with the abacus, a machine that aid humans in calculation more than 5,000 years ago. Down the evolutionary trend, names of people like John Napier, Blaise Pascal, Gottfried Wilhelm, Charles babbage etc. cannot be left out. It is the difficulties and weak points of manual operations in our works that let to the development of this powerful tool.
What computer can do in all aspect of human endeavours computer can be seen as the most effective tool in 1982, a land mark was created in history when a paraplegic Nandaris with the aid of computer walk for the first time after a job. That is computer in son field of medicine.
Engineering and science, computer can be use to stimulate, create, and design complex industry equipment in manufacturing industries.
In hostile environment ? computer controlled robots can be used to explore places that ate harmful to human beings and can work in areas like nuclear plant where human beings cannot
Investigation and crime detection, computer programs can be used to search and locate missing people and things wherever they may be at any point in time.
Computer and law service, the wonder of computer is not very far from the court proceedings and all other court activities due to it can be used to store some criminal five and retrieve if need be at any given time.
The introduction of computer in court proceeding will enhance the speedy and accurate efficiency and effective attendance of each and every clients in the court.
If computer is applied in design and implementation of documentation system of court proceedings. It will help to improve the judiciary of the nation to attain maximum utility.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
There are many methods that being used in law court proceeding system.
(1) Lack of computer for storage of court proceedings. There is tendency of Federal court Enugu to loose some files which will bring distrust to them.
(2) There are not many personnel, that are trained as computer operator and computer annalists.
(3) Due to the computer is not appropriately applied in court proceeding the people that handle the case can falsify some documents and try to take bribe to free hoodlums.
Due to the problem mentioned above, the manual of court proceedings is clumsy and insufficient.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
All effects of the researchers are pearled towards the gathering of sufficient information that would help in making suggestion as how the Federal court will be storing the court proceeding.
It high to increase the efficiency and productivity of bank services with the increased utilization of internet court proceeding service system.
This study is also undertaken to ease the problem associated with court proceedings in Federal High Court and also to create awareness for the use of computer software in the legal Aid council.
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
The aim and objective of the study is to expose all the lapses of the existing manual system of court proceeding in legal Aid Council and for the program to be able to store a very large volume of court proceeding and for easy access and retrieval of information needed for a case.
SCOPE
This work covers only the legal aspect of the Legal Council Enugu. Hence, the administration files are not considered.
LIMITATIONS
Many factors have limited this, some of these factors are:
TIME: The time allocated to research work for this study was greatly constrained due to intense academic activities involving the researcher.
FINANCE: The major constraints for this study occurred in the form of inadequate funds. The present high cost of material, access to a personal computer unit for running and debugging of the application program, transportation expenses to an from the site of computer etc militated against the smooth and easy advancement of the work..
ASSUMPTIONS
I assume that the documentation of system of court proceedings input specification of Legal Aid Council is the same for all legal industries.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
COMPUTER: An electronic device that input data, process it, and bring it out as an information.
FILE: It is collection of related data or records.
PROGRAM: Series of instruction to the computer.
SOFTWARE: This is a general term to describe all the programs which may be used to run a computer system, together with the associated documents.
HARDWARE: This describes the physical devices, which makes up the computer system.
DATA: this is any representation of facts that can be fed into the computer for processing.
INDEX BOOK: A documentation book written in index format used to process a law report. | CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Background of the study
Learning is one of the very vital human activities that require concentration blended with interactivity, clear and distinct understanding of the facts been stated or discussed, high communication skills and techniques, attractive learning qualities such as colorful pictorial presentations of information among others. Nevertheless, all not learning process is considered to be effective. Effective could be assumed to had been achieved if about hundred percent (100%), of the population lectured assimilate the knowledge and/or ideas across; this is quite different when the population size is very high and there is existences of certain un-conducive learning conditions such as noise, poor ventilation, and extreme temperatures.
For effective learning to take place, it is dependent on many factors. In most cases, these factors arise from the teachers, the students, the teaching and learning media or materials, and the learning environment with its structures. For instance, if a teacher lacks communication skills and techniques, the students, will find it difficult to comprehend, if the necessary media or materials required for teaching and learning is not provided or if the provision is inadequate, the understanding of the subject topic or issue been discussed might be impaired. In addition, the duration for teaching and learning, the rate of understanding and individual learning style effect the assimilation of knowledge by the students; and may have impact on the extent to which the teacher covers the teaching scheme. These factors will, certainly, hamper the effective teaching and learning by the teacher and by the students respectively (see figure 1 in appendix).
Most especially, the factors affecting effective learning is pronounced in learning aspects where intensive or much practical approach is required for the impacting of knowledge to the students. For example, in computer science much practical knowledge is required especially in computer networking, computer programming, and computer maintenance. The practical equipping of students are been affected by certain factors such as the duration for practical teaching and learning, inadequate computers, availability of computer laboratories, and poor power supply among others. As a result it is generally observed that most computer science students with little or no practical knowledge engages the service of the road side ?computer training institute? due to the fact that it is not financially intensive and there is great need for the services, this approach, by such student has high tendency of impacting wrong knowledge on students especially on the terms and explanation of concept s found or used in the computer science world. Therefore, there is the need to reduce this different situation and ensure that the practical standard required of the students is attained.
The progress made in the computer world through the development of sophisticated hardware, software, and other technologies could be employed for the remedy of the situation. Exploring the powerful capabilities of multimedia and implementing it on teaching and learning processes via the production of learning material and products such as e-book, computer assisted learning (CAI), computer aided instruction(CAT), computer based training(CBT), internet based training among others would go a long way towards improving the advancement of the practical and theoretical knowledge of the students. With high quality content value of the e-learning products and the captivating multimedia features embedded in them, a student can easily, assimilate such knowledge (even in the absence of a teacher and the required physical environment) through repetitive
Accessing of the e-learning materials and following the animated instructions contained therein. Finally, the case study computer science department, federal polytechnic nekede, owerri is selected due to its proximity.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
It is very obvious that it is required of the computer science students to be practically and theoretically sound so as to face the challenges to be encountered in the labor market. Disappointingly, most of the computer science students are not equipped as expected before lunching them into the labor market.
Often time, the students are found to be the highest set of customers patronizing most of the side ?computer training institute? and in turn, might not get the value of services they requested. This situation had been ascribed to many claims, in most occasions, had been made by both students and teachers on the pattern of teaching and learning respectively .for instance, the students claim the greater percentage of the teachers have poor teaching communication skills, and likewise the teachers blame the inadequate teaching and learning facilities and/ or infrastructure as the reason for ineffective learning.
Hence, the problem centers on effective teaching and learning processes for the impacting and the advancement of the students? theoretical and practical knowledge.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
owing to the difficulties experienced during teaching and learning processes, this project is aimed at implementing e-learning through the development of a web site expected to be published over the internet, a CAL application package that will be installed in a computer, and on e-book in portal document format (PDF); this is to provide different remedy platforms for the shortcoming found in the traditional teaching and learning procedures.
Focusing on the above, the objectives of the study are to develop e-learning applications that are capable of:
I. providing coherent instruction for the selected subject topics
II. Accommodating individual learning style.
III. Encouraging learning and mastering of the individual topic contained therein.
IV. Enhancing the students practical knowledge and broaden their theoretical knowledge.
V. Creating a more interacting learning process.
VI. Overcoming most factors affecting effecting learning such as noise.
VII. Promoting students concentration during learning.
VIII. Accommodation learner?s unrestricted learning schedule.
IX. Promoting quick assimilation of information.
X. Providing accurate and high quality content value.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This project uses the combination of multimedia features, little artificial intelligence features, and human ?computer interaction principles for the development of a web site for an online and implementation offline implementation of e-learning. Both of the e-learning are designed for the learning of c++ programming language at its introductory level. These proposed e-learning avenues are deviations from the traditional teaching and learning procedure, and as a result have their main importance as follows:
i. Effective learning of the subject topic by the students- the traditional classroom methods have high tendencies of responding to the many factors affecting effecting learning (see table 1 in the appendix for more information). But with the adoption of e-learning, these factors may exist with little or no impact on the learner. Hence, this project is focused on developing e-learning application that will be captivating through the provision of different learning platforms and skillful use of multimedia which will lead to the enhancing of effective learning and reduction of teachers teaching work load.
ii. Cost of learning materials-could be reduced significantly when compared to the cost of traditional learning materials or the cost of conventional instructional system. This is, however, accomplished in this project by providing free access with limited content value to the user.
iii. Reduction in the duration of teaching and learning, and strengthening of teachers effort-according to some research, the training time could be reduced up to sixty percent (60%) as against the traditional classroom method using e-learning products. (khoo, 1994). These, in turn, increase the rate of knowledge assimilation and allow the teachers to direct more effort on other areas where the students are deficient. This is basically achieved in this project the use of certain technological features such as the multimedia features.
Apart from these main importance of the study, other reasons like protecting the students from assimilating wrong information passed on by the quack, the inadequate learning and teaching materials, difficulties to have access to information on time, and the general factors affecting effective learning could take care of.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The proposed e-learning products are targeted for the attainment of effective learning through the use of interactive presentations. Further, the products are expected to be used by computer science students with little or no pre-knowledge of c++ programming language. The product contents are structured to accommodate novice in computer programming and their usage are not limited to computer science students alone but to students of other disciplines who wish to have basic fundamental knowledge on programming using programming language.
In the development of the proposed products, certain security consciousness likes piracy where moderately considered while some security measures like password were implemented. Each of the proposed e-learning products have different security requirement. On the side of the e-learning application package, password usage was implemented for discriminating the premium users from the free users. The internet application is designed to have an open unrestricted accessibility; this is to boost products awareness and marketing. The e-book is created in portal document format (PDF) so as to ensure content authenticity. Nonetheless, the three e-learning products do not implement any strong piracy security due to the fact that day after day more sophisticated hardware and software are developed which, in the contrary reason for their development and usage, used for computer product piracy. Finally, the physiological and cognitive impact of the proposed e-learning products on their users have their scope for achieving them limited to the use of multimedia features and interface design. This is one of the most important tasks required to be embedded in the products. In this learning application package, this is accomplished through the use of help menu and help animations, the internet application accomplishes the same task through the use of hyperlinks, flash animations, and still images while the e-book made use of hyperlinks and still images.
1.6 LIMITATION AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Apart from the usual risk and limitation present in every project due to time, scope, quality and financing, a major limitation arises from the gathering of information or data from the concerned individuals with fair and un-bias judgment of the proposed e-learning products. Many of the individual, especially the expected users, were unwilling to give feedback on the impact of the proposed products on them while some other will prefer to give haphazard information which tantamount dirty data. In addition, the tendency of receiving unfair and bias information and materials (which ranges from reference materials to development support devices) required for actualizing the proposed e-learning products specifications posed a great impediment to the study. Nevertheless, in the attempt to overcome these impediments, the research work of other scholars and practitioners were used in conjunction with the result of my project research evacuation and analysis. This approach is adopted to ensure accurate and good developmental practices
Considering the multi-tasking nature of the project, much time and financial resources are required. Owing to this fact, specifications of the proposed e-learning products were adjusted to suit the available financial budget allocated to it and which is obtainable. However, efforts were made, towards retaining the e-learning products quality, accomplishing of the projects objectives and completion of the project within the specified period of time.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Software ? a set of logical related program modules that are given to the computer for the accomplishment of a specific task or asset of task.
Program module ? this is made up of one or more program procedure, routine, function, or events that handle a definite task or set of task.
Program procedure ? a set of program codes that response to a particular action such as click or could be called for execution from another program procedure depending on its scope.
Program routine ? see program procedure.
Program function ? this is of ascribe to program procedure that is used for accomplishing a specific task, especially mathematical operations, whenever call for execution. See also program procedure.
Program event ? see program procedure.
Program- a set of logical related instruction codes that is given to the computer which enables it to perform a specific task or events.
Application ? this is synonymous to application software or application package. Application software is a class of software that runs on an operating system and its design to handle a specified task related to any human career.
Operating system ? it is a set of logical related programs which enables the computer to manage its resources. The resources which it manages are hardware components.
System software ? this is a class of software that are made up of other suit of software designed to enable the computer handle its resources and carry out some set of task. The system software comprises of operating system, program translators, editors and utility programs.
Translator ? this is synonymous to program translator or language translator or programming language translator. This is software whose function is to translate or transform program codes written in one programming language level to another (from high level programming language code to low level programming language codes). A translator could be an assembler, an interpreter or a compiler.
Dirty information ? this is also known as dirty data. It is information that does not conform to the directives for its supply. Example: supplying your date of birth as against date of employment using the title finger instead of ring finger in a finger print which requires ring finger.
High level programming language ? this is a class of programming language that is much closer to human language. It requires program translator for its codes to make meaning and be executed by the computer. Examples of high level programming language are BASIC, JAVA, HTML, C++ and PASCAL.
BASIC ? this is a high level programming language, is very simple and less difficult to learn and use. It can come in the form of command oriented programming language e.g. QBasic or could come in the form of object oriented programming language e.g. visual basic.
HTML ? this is one of the programming languages which could be used for developing web documents.HTML stands for hypertext markup language. Other languages that could be for web development are XML (extended markup language) and XHTML (extended hypertext markup language).
Programming language ? this is a set of operation of grammatical rules (syntax or protocol) use for written and developing instructional codes given to the computer for task performance.
Programming language application software ? this is application software designed to allow the user write and develop program and/or application using a particular programming language. For instance, visual Basic programming language.
Interpreter ? this is a kind language translator that translates high level programming codes equivalent and at the same time executes the program codes line after line, this is achieved if and only if the line of code is error free.
Compiler ? this is a kind of language translator that translates high level programming language code into its low level programming language codes equivalent and makes it executable only if this entire program code is error free.
Low level programming language ? this is a class of programming language that requires language translators for it to be understandable by the computer. This class of programming language has the characteristics of machine independency, easer to debug and comparatively show during program execution. Example, Basic, FORTAN, java, Pascal, C, C++ among others.
Debug ? this refers to detecting and correcting or removing errors contained in a source program.
Source program ? this is a set of program codes that contains the instructions and response to events. It is usually used in guiding the computer on the reaction to take place or the specific task to carryout for a given action. The source program codes are usually executed by the computer and are not to be seen by the user especially if the target program is application software.
User interface ? the environment that is seen by the end-user of application software which allows the end-user to make use of it.
Event ? An action that is made by the computer system though its input devices or software.
Object code ? codes that are displayed as a result of executing the sources program or the source codes. Object codes are displayed on the user interface.
Media ? these are those things, materials or tools used for storing and delivering of information or data. Media can also imply channels, links or materials that convey data or information.
Learning media ? learning materials that convey information to a student or from which a student can extract knowledge from. Example, textbooks novels, among others.
Multimedia ? as applied to this project, it is media and content that uses a combination of different content forms.
Contents ? information and experiences that may provide value for end-user.
Content form ? this refers to the way information or content is been presented. The different features of the multimedia forms its content forms. Example audio, video, text, among others.
Content value ? this refers to the usefulness of information contained in media.
End-user ? also known as user. this is an individual or an organization that make use of finished product or for whom a product is designed and developed.
Hardware ? this is a physical component of a computer that could be touched or felt. Example visual display unit (VDU).
CAL ? this stands for computer Assisted learning. It is an application package that is designed to enable the user learn a particular subject through the provision of tutorial that may or may not companied by questions. CAL is popularly called tutorial software. CAL is very close to CAI and could be used interchangeable, but in some cases, might not mean exactly the same.
CAI ? this is an abbreviation of computer aided instruction. It is an application package that is designed to enable the user learn and/or get acquainted with a specific subject or an aspect of life.CAI, in most cases, is a simulation of real life event or true appearance of the subject for which for the user is to be educated on. Most CAI comes in the form of examination preparatory tutorials like TOEFL (test of English as a foreign language) and safety training tutorials like military combat training. Computer game is not always regarded as a CAI application rather entertainment application software.
Project ? this is finite endeavor having started and completion dates undertaken to create quantifiable product. It is made up of series of job to be completed individually within the time duration allocated such a project.
Project completion time ? those resources or inputs that are required for accomplishing a project. The major project resources are human materials and financial resources.
Data collection ? the act of gathering information or data from different sources within the problem defined set. Data collected are processed and the information used for validating the proposed product of the project.
Problem defined set ? the population set for which an evaluation must be made to verify the impact of the proposed product. For instance, the problem defined set for this project are the students (especially, the computer science students) and instruction ( the instructor who wishes to introduced to C++ programming language) |
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