CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
In recent times, there is the observation that males are dropping out of secretarial profession. A critical look at this statement reveals that the secretarial profession is being dominated by females in recent years. The sole aim of every organization is its survival and continuous profitability. As a result of this, employers of labor are making conscious efforts to ensure that organization chavel high caliber of employees who will contribute vigorously to the achievement of the organizational goals and those that are portray good image of the organization. Considering numerous and sensitive nature of secretarial profession, there is need for balanced labor force to save the employers from the problem of whom to employ and whom not to employ. In the past, secretarial profession was perceived to be for females only and that males who engage in it do so as a last resort. Some have impression that secretaries are females who took down notes and correspondence like shorthand and transcribe on the typewriter for male executives or managers. A female manager organize and run small offices for their male employers, they carry out all office jobs ranging from hiring junior staff keeping cash book and arranging for the day- to- day office routines. They are also regarded as a mediator between the channel of communication between their employers and the rest of the staff with constant demand on their ability. Furthermore, they are expected to tactful, loyal, efficient and discrete and maintain confidentiality. They are expected to put in all their energies and enthusiasm to their employer?s interest, protecting him from undesirable demand and interruptions. This assumption about secretaries in the past as ?female who run office for male employers or boss? is not the case these days. Recent analysis has shown that the advancement of Office Technology and Management profession was expanded and this is becoming more complex and challenging the roles of secretaries have increased tremendously to include other functions which are of great importance to any organization these made it possible for male to engage in the profession not as a last resort once more. At least in out of five secretaries two are males.
National Secretarial Association of the United State of America defines a secretary as an executive assistance, posing a good mastery of office skills and ability to assume responsibilities without direct supervision, display initiative exercises judgment and make decision within the scope of his/her authority.
Harding (1988) went further to define a secretary as ?one who provides a full range of management support which calls upon in a variety of skills and abilities that would certainly not be prerequisite office staff generally?. In these definitions, we see that secretary is an important officer in any establishment his works has even become more technical especially the advent of computers and other machines
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Today, it is observe that many employers, of labor prefer female secretaries to their male counterparts, reason for this have not been attributed to the non- performance of male secretaries but as a result of the fault that female secretaries are more useful in other areas than official duties. Also, male secretaries are perceived to be more assertive than female secretaries and such formed opinion that they will not be submissive to contributed authorities. The issue of down-turn in male students enrolment in secretarial studies department is reaching an alarming properties as industries employ more female secretaries this among others problems gave rise to this topic generally, the problem include that?.
1. It is not known whether parents no longer afford to support their male children financially once they got close to adulthood.
2. It is today a saying that male are becoming impatient with the unemployment status of the male graduates in the society. This gives us a serious concern.
3. We do not know why employers of labor prefer female secretaries to their male counterparts.
4. Some argue that the pronoun ?she? used to mean every category of secretarial profession is meant for females, the male students might be therefore feeling that there is no future to look forward to in the profession.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The major purpose of this study is to investigate the factors responsible for down-turn in male student?s enrolment in Office Technology and Management department especially the study seeks to
1. To find out the causes of decline in male student?s enrolment in Office Technology band Management Department.
2. To ascertain the altitude of male towards Office Technology and Management program.
3. To determine if the image of technology and management studies is poor in the society.
4. To identify if male secretarial students graduate do not secure employment easily.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The significance of this study cannot be over emphasized, the study can be parameter to check the incessant exist of male student?s enrolment from Office Technology and Management Studies.
1 The studies will re- awake interest of male students? enrolment in the study of Office Technology and Management Studies.
2 The study will proffer solution on how to tackle the imbalance supply of quality secretarial staff for our industrial growth particularly now that secretarial functions are very challenging.
3 Furthermore, the outcome of this study will serve as reference for students of Office Technology and Management Studies and lecturers who wish to gain more knowledge on this subjects.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1 What are the sources of down-turn in male student?s enrolment in Office Technology and Management studies Department?
2 To what extent is the image of secretarial studies poor in the society?
3 What are the altitudes of males towards Office Technology and Management studies programme?
4 To what extent do male secretarial graduate secure employment?
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study of the down-turn in male students? enrollment in Office Technology and Management studies department is such that would have taken the researcher too many higher institutions and some organizations but as a result of financial constants.
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| Settings | Factors responsible for downturn in male students enrolment in Office Technology and Management Department. OTM remove | RELEVANCE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY TOWARDS THE UPLIFTMENT OF AN ORGANIZATION remove | ROLES OF SECRETARIES IN HIGHER INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING IN NIGERIA (CASE STUDY OF THE POLYTECHNIC, IBADAN) remove | Challenges of Information Communication Technology in achievement of organizational goals remove | RELEVANCE OF COMMUNICATION SKILL ON ADMINISTRATIVE EFFECTIVENESS (A CASE STUDY OF POWER HOLDING COMPANY DUGBE DISTRICT, IBADAN) remove | IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN PROMOTING EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE(A CASE STUDY OF FIRST BANK, IKEJA, LAGOS STATE) remove |
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| Description | ABSTRACT This project was designed to know the roles of secretaries in Higher Institution of Learning five (5) Research Questions were used in the this study and they serve as guideline for investigation. The design for the Case Study are questionnaire, oral interviews and observation method used to gather information. Thirty (30) questionnaires were distributed and admistered by the respondent on who a secretary is? Categories, qualification of a secretary e.t.c. Therefore, there should be improvement in the promotion of saving secretaries and a good secretaries should be promotion into management cadre after seven (7) or move years. | ABSTRACT This study examines ?relevance of communication skill on administrative effectiveness?. The research design used for this study is descriptive method. The population comprises of 70 staff at Power Holding Company Dugbe District, Ibadan. The Random Sampling Techniques was used to obtain 77% which is 54 staff. Questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection. The questionnaire was divided into two sections (Section A & B). The findings of this study made it clear that communication in an organization enhances organizational goals, there are barrier to communication growth in the organization in which solutions need to be given, the findings also made it clear that communication in an organization is necessary for achieving organizational corporate performance. | ABSTRACT This study examined The Importance of Human Resources Management In Promoting Employees? Performance in First Bank Plc, Ikeja, Lagos. It also highlights and assess the human resource management in business organization Primary data was utilized for the study. The work method relying on the instruments of questionnaire was used in collecting primary data from one hundred respondents, using random sampling procedures. The data was analyzed, using descriptive statistics such as; tabulations percentages and frequency distribution. The study showed motivated staffs in First Bank Plc, Ikeja, Lagos is often present at work and more productive than unmotivated staffs. The study concluded, among others that the effort of the management on the implementation of the human resources has a positive effect on the sales volume and profit level respectively. | |||
| Content | CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY In recent times, there is the observation that males are dropping out of secretarial profession. A critical look at this statement reveals that the secretarial profession is being dominated by females in recent years. The sole aim of every organization is its survival and continuous profitability. As a result of this, employers of labor are making conscious efforts to ensure that organization chavel high caliber of employees who will contribute vigorously to the achievement of the organizational goals and those that are portray good image of the organization. Considering numerous and sensitive nature of secretarial profession, there is need for balanced labor force to save the employers from the problem of whom to employ and whom not to employ. In the past, secretarial profession was perceived to be for females only and that males who engage in it do so as a last resort. Some have impression that secretaries are females who took down notes and correspondence like shorthand and transcribe on the typewriter for male executives or managers. A female manager organize and run small offices for their male employers, they carry out all office jobs ranging from hiring junior staff keeping cash book and arranging for the day- to- day office routines. They are also regarded as a mediator between the channel of communication between their employers and the rest of the staff with constant demand on their ability. Furthermore, they are expected to tactful, loyal, efficient and discrete and maintain confidentiality. They are expected to put in all their energies and enthusiasm to their employer?s interest, protecting him from undesirable demand and interruptions. This assumption about secretaries in the past as ?female who run office for male employers or boss? is not the case these days. Recent analysis has shown that the advancement of Office Technology and Management profession was expanded and this is becoming more complex and challenging the roles of secretaries have increased tremendously to include other functions which are of great importance to any organization these made it possible for male to engage in the profession not as a last resort once more. At least in out of five secretaries two are males. National Secretarial Association of the United State of America defines a secretary as an executive assistance, posing a good mastery of office skills and ability to assume responsibilities without direct supervision, display initiative exercises judgment and make decision within the scope of his/her authority. Harding (1988) went further to define a secretary as ?one who provides a full range of management support which calls upon in a variety of skills and abilities that would certainly not be prerequisite office staff generally?. In these definitions, we see that secretary is an important officer in any establishment his works has even become more technical especially the advent of computers and other machines 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Today, it is observe that many employers, of labor prefer female secretaries to their male counterparts, reason for this have not been attributed to the non- performance of male secretaries but as a result of the fault that female secretaries are more useful in other areas than official duties. Also, male secretaries are perceived to be more assertive than female secretaries and such formed opinion that they will not be submissive to contributed authorities. The issue of down-turn in male students enrolment in secretarial studies department is reaching an alarming properties as industries employ more female secretaries this among others problems gave rise to this topic generally, the problem include that?. 1. It is not known whether parents no longer afford to support their male children financially once they got close to adulthood. 2. It is today a saying that male are becoming impatient with the unemployment status of the male graduates in the society. This gives us a serious concern. 3. We do not know why employers of labor prefer female secretaries to their male counterparts. 4. Some argue that the pronoun ?she? used to mean every category of secretarial profession is meant for females, the male students might be therefore feeling that there is no future to look forward to in the profession. 1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The major purpose of this study is to investigate the factors responsible for down-turn in male student?s enrolment in Office Technology and Management department especially the study seeks to 1. To find out the causes of decline in male student?s enrolment in Office Technology band Management Department. 2. To ascertain the altitude of male towards Office Technology and Management program. 3. To determine if the image of technology and management studies is poor in the society. 4. To identify if male secretarial students graduate do not secure employment easily. 1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The significance of this study cannot be over emphasized, the study can be parameter to check the incessant exist of male student?s enrolment from Office Technology and Management Studies. 1 The studies will re- awake interest of male students? enrolment in the study of Office Technology and Management Studies. 2 The study will proffer solution on how to tackle the imbalance supply of quality secretarial staff for our industrial growth particularly now that secretarial functions are very challenging. 3 Furthermore, the outcome of this study will serve as reference for students of Office Technology and Management Studies and lecturers who wish to gain more knowledge on this subjects. 1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1 What are the sources of down-turn in male student?s enrolment in Office Technology and Management studies Department? 2 To what extent is the image of secretarial studies poor in the society? 3 What are the altitudes of males towards Office Technology and Management studies programme? 4 To what extent do male secretarial graduate secure employment? 1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The study of the down-turn in male students? enrollment in Office Technology and Management studies department is such that would have taken the researcher too many higher institutions and some organizations but as a result of financial constants. | CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
This research is on Relevance of information and communications technology towards the upliftment of an organization. The world of business is changing rapidly as a result of technological development. This is very wide departure from the traditional business enterprises to the evolution of international and multinational organizations in Nigeria economy. Some of these establishments have acquired and installed modern communications equipment.
Thus, information technology and an ultimate fully electronic office is fast becoming a reality. In effect, information and communication technology pose a lot challenges to office employees. The impact of technological improvement in the office demands that the development of a successful secretarial career today depends of upon the secretary to acquire information and communication technology (ICT) based skills and expertise as well skills required for each category of staff.
Technology changes in our environment coupled with competition within a particular industry or in the society account for the reason why secretaries should engage in training and development to meet up with the challenges. This is as a result of the need to match changes in structure, policies, technology, processes and producers with the needed performance, attitude and behaviors. This study will provide a sight into the present day technological realities in and office and how a secretary could fit into it.
1.1 Statement of the Problem
Inspite of the local government development in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) the third world countries , including Nigeria, are yet to harness the technology to its fullest capacity in view of this research work will focus on to case study in Ibadan North Local Government and industry both tub lie? What role does it entail to require on information unit. Also the source processing to information in local government finally what effect does it have in management decision making.
1.2 Objectives of the Study
The case study of Ibadan North East Local Government is for the following objectives.
| CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION This Secretary has gone a long way in the business world. This profession is not a new one in Nigeria today and occupied a very unique position in our business officers over the years. The secretary is a person who works in an organization, hand with someone who regards as ?Boss?. Also, the duties of a secretaries are diverse in nature numerous as regard public enterprises. It is not uncommon to refers secretaries as the ?backbone? of the various institution where they work at any point in time. Therefore, Nigeria being a developing country, in terms of economy, inevitably, needs the service of secretary in his/her institution for smooth and growth of it. This is primarily because a secretary is the first point of contact on getting to an organization and has the first chance to create a good impression to any visitor who needs the intention of his/ her boss. In addition, the secretary?s work course a variety of jobs ranging from performing secretaries only perform secretarial work in the office, but it is important to note that their work caries according to the kind of product or services rendered by the firm serve. A secretary can also be described as a highly placed staff whose responsibilities include the preparation and filling of correspondence, the presentation of the executive on concise forums a neat package, everything that may be needed for each report of other items of want in is daily routine, the organization of meeting including the preparation or agenda, their distribution to those concerned the seating in the meeting room, the minutes of meeting and the following of decision deliberation of he meeting. 1.1 HISTORICAL INFORMATION ON THE POLYTECHNIC IBADAN An institution that used for this case study, the polytechnic, Ibadan was established in 1970 as a successor to the erstwhile Technical College, Ibadan under the provisions of a principle edit citied as the polytechnic Ibadan Edict 1970. This Edict has under gone several amendments on order to make the polytechnic relevant to present day needs of Oyo State, the proprietor in particular and Nigeria in general. The primary functions of the polytechnic is to provide for students, training, development of techniques in Applied Science, Engineering science and commerce. The polytechnic has been making valuable contributions to the social and development of the country over the years, The Polytechnic has also produced high level man power in some areas such as urban and regional planning Mass Communication etc. the primary focus of the polytechnic is training that practical oriental, most especially in an area of secretary ship. The institution has been performing this function creditably well for almost thirty years, the graduates of the polytechnic, Ibadan are found in all areas endeavor all over the and even outside the country. In fact most of the institutions throughout the world because an institution can not leaden out the employment of secretaries to improve. Its to day activities and thereby faster it growth. By the amendment of the principal edict of the polytechnic, which come into force on the 17th March, 1987, four satellite campuses of the polytechnic were created. They look off during,1981/82 session and sited at Eruwa, Saki, Iree and Esa oke. A director who is responsible to Rector for the administration and discipline of the campus at ire and Esa Oke has become the property of osun state Government. Since 1975/76 academic session, the polytechnic, Ibadan has been operating on faculty system for easier work. Coordination and management. At present, there are six faculties name: Engineering, Science, Environmental studies, financial and Management studies, Business Studies and Diploma programmes. The student enrolment of the institution has continued to grow. During the 1997/98 session population was about 19,000. 13. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM It is quite known that some of the members of the members of this institution today refers to the studies who take up Office technology and Management as a course, having no future. This can be future said that people in the profession took up the course, because they were dropouts and unintelligent and that the people who studies the could not cope with their chosen careers, and therefore, had to takes up secretarial profession. In addition, an averagely, educated member of the institution who intends to refers to a role of secretary uses the world ?Typist? for a secretary and vise versa. The two professions are different from others but it seems to perform the same tasks and functions. On the other hand , the researcher of this project endeavors to differentiate between the secretary and the typist, and their duties and tasks as well. Moreover, the secretary?s duties in a lot of easy different from that of the typist, as his task in an institution. 1.4. DEFINITION OF TERMS BACKBONE: the chief support of an institution boss is an executive with the secretary works with. TYPIST : - Is the person deals with typing jobs TYPING: - This involves the use of typewriter ROLES: - these are the tasks and responsibilities which secretary assume in an organization by the confident secretary. SHE/HE: - This has been used to confidential secretary in this project. STENOGRAPHER: - A secretary who transcribes shorthand into longhand. 1.5 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY This study broadens the knowledge of most people especially those carrying out business functions in an institution in the roles of secretaries. In the following areas. i. That due to the abuse on employment as some private organization or institution , utilization of unqualified and ill-equipped personal to perform the roles of secretary?s functions, their functioning have been trading. ii. Ability to take responsibilities it is probably that this quality distinguishes the private secretary form the shorthand typist who is concerned mainly with the routine work of an office, but it is not as a rule expected to take responsibilities. iii. To correct the wrong image to a secretary and as certain the rightful position it in the society. 1.6 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY The scope of this study is limited to some institution and the general roles of secretary. Other institution may even have better prospects, which therefore will change the roles of secretary in which institutions. 1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The significance of the study is exceptionally based on the roles secretary in an institution. Their duties embrace a lot of works ranging from supervising the day to day activities within the institution attending meetings on behalf of the institution and taking proper records of all the meetings. This research project would therefore. i. Examine the different roles of secretary in an institution. ii. Identify the roles of secretaries and how these roles can be carried out iii. Being enlightenment to people who have the belief that secretaries are just messengers in the offices. iv. To enable the secretary to contribute the economic development of Nigeria. v. To enable the boss to realize other important roles of the secretary. | CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Firms ought to understand the underlying sources of threats in its industry. These threats result from competitive pressure from other firms in the industry. Understanding these forces is imperative if the firm is to formulate appropriate strategies to respond; which boils down to the firm selecting products, or services to offer and the markets in which to offer them. This makes strategy a deliberate plan of action that the business will adopt in order to develop and grow its competitive advantage. There has been an increasing reliance on Information Communication Technology (ICT) systems for managing business processes as well as driving business strategy across the banking industry. Firms have no option but to comply with globalization trends and to find a fit between globalization and organization strategies. The firms in the banking Sector continue to face a myriad of challenges, from globalization, competition, volatile market dynamics, competition from both bank and non-bank institutions all seeking more innovative ways to add value to their services. Birch & Young (1997) argues that consumers look for products and services that are convenient and efficient to attain. They also seek for a wide array of products to choose from at competitive rates and which offer maximum returns. Customers have become more sensitized to expect better customer service standards, better products and services as a result of the internet. Banks have to adopt strategies that would ensure their profitability and resilience against the forces that determine industry competition. This study revolves around three theories, the first being the industrial organization (IO) theory which emphasizes the influence of the industry environment upon a firm. The second is the resource-based theory, which views performance primarily as a function of a firm?s ability to utilize its resources. This theory focuses on the specific organization with respect to the competitive environment. The third is the innovation diffusion theory which is concerned with how an innovation adopter?s perception of the characteristics of an innovation impacts his or her decision to adopt it. This affects all users of the innovation, from the employee adoption of the innovation to the customer. 1.2 Objective of the study The study was driven by the two objectives below: (i) To establish the ICT challenges facing First Bank of Nigeria in achievement of sustainable competitive advantage. (ii) To determine the strategies adopted by the First Bank of Nigeria to cope with these challenges. 1.3 Statement of the Problem Banks have to come up with competitive strategies in search of favourable competitive positions in the industry in order to adapt to the changed environment and attain competitive advantage. ?Electronic banking systems have become the main technology driven revolution in conducting financial transactions. Banks have made huge investments in telecommunication and electronic systems, users have also been validated to accept electronic banking system as useful and easy to use?, (Adesina & Ayo, 2010). Organizations encounter a myriad of challenges towards achieving competitive advantage through the use of ICT. Current research shows that organizations are not able to sustain a competitive edge for a long time, (Wiggins & Ruefli, 2005). Increasing global and domestic competition, economic downturns and volatile financial markets have all added to the pressure on organizations to come up with effective responses to survive to counter this. As a result, each bank is developing a strategy unique to its corporate culture, leading to the industry being in a state of constant change. A number of researches have been undertaken in the banking sector. Gan et al. (2006) predicted that e-banking is necessary for banks to stay profitable in the future. However, the lack of trust by customers on the systems, or online processes remained a barrier to growth in the adoption of e-banking services. Nitsure (2003) conducted his research on the challenges and opportunities of e-banking and concluded that e-banking substantially lowered the costs of transaction and service delivery and could possibly revolutionize the business of banking. He further explained that developing economies faced similar challenges of poor infrastructure, low literacy levels and poor penetration of information. According to Agboola (2006) the Nigerian banks? adoption of ICT exceedingly impacted on the quality and content of banking operations and therefore presented a notably high potential for business process engineering of Nigerian Banks. The banks? failure to invest in ICT products in order to facilitate the convenience, speed and accuracy of banking operations would result in the banks losing out to their competitors. Ahmed & Islam (2008) observed that banks in developing countries were forced to choose between the two strategic alternatives of the level of sophistication of products and services offered and the choice of delivery channel in adopting e-banking services. 1.4 Research Questions 1. Does ICT enhance business survival in Nigeria? 2. What factors affect ICTs use in the Nigeria? 3. Did the customers have the ability to use ICT? 4. Is there high cost of acquisition of the ICT technology? 1.5 Significance of the Study To scholars the research will open avenues for further research and analysis of various factors and challenges affecting the application of ICT enabled services in a developing economy. It will also enable researchers to adopt service oriented practices in understanding customer service delivery channels and satisfaction. To the banking world the study would assist in the understanding of the variables and effects of the ICT challenges and how they impact on the banks? success and performance. It will also enable the banks to draft possible policy guidelines in their institutions. To the government, customers and stakeholders the study would pass on knowledge on the processes, especially the self-serving technologies and their impact to the industry and overall economy. The government can draft policy guidelines using the valuable information gathered. To the stakeholders, the study will reflect the image of the banking industry in terms of its responses to the challenges facing. 1.6 Scope of the Study To scholars the research will open avenues for further research and analysis of various factors and challenges affecting the application of ICT enabled services in a developing economy. It will also enable researchers to adopt service oriented practices in understanding customer service delivery channels and satisfaction. To the banking fraternity the study would assist in the understanding of the variables and effects of the ICT challenges and how they impact on the banks? success and performance. It will also enable the banks to draft possible policy guidelines in their institutions. To the government, customers and stakeholders the study would pass on knowledge on the processes, especially the self-serving technologies and their impact to the industry and overall economy. The government can draft policy guidelines using the valuable information gathered. To the stakeholders, the study will reflect the image of the banking industry in terms of its responses to the challenges facing ICT. 1.7 Operational Definition of Terms The definition of some relevant terms in this study will aid the understanding of the study. This is in accordance with the quote of a Greek philosopher?s sayings that the beginning of any decision or argument lies in the clarification or definition of the relevant term - Aristotle in Iroegbu (2004) Challenge: Problems ICT: Information and Communication Technology Understanding: the ability to perceive and explain the meaning or the nature of somebody or something. Organization: a group of people identified by a shared interest or purpose. Innovation: the act or process of inventing or introducing something new. Banks: a business that keeps money for individual people or companies, exchanges currencies, makes loans, and offers other financial services. Profitability: yielding a financial profit Information: definite knowledge acquired or supplied about something or somebody. Communication: the exchange of information between people, e.g. by means of speaking, writing, or using a common system of signs or behavior. Technology: the study, development, and application of devices, machines, and techniques for manufacturing and productive processes. 1.8 Historical Background of the Study First Bank of Nigeria, sometimes referred to as First Bank, is a Nigerian multinational bank and financial services headquartered in Lagos. It is the biggest bank in Nigeria by total deposits and gross earnings and operates a network of over 750 business locations across Africa, the United Kingdom and representative offices in Abu Dhabi, Beijing and Johannesburg set up to capture trade-related business between geographies. It specializes in retail banking and has the largest retail client base in Nigeria. In 2015, The Asian Banker awarded First Bank the Best Retail Bank in Nigeria award for the fifth consecutive year. The Nigerian banking business operates nationally, with an active customer base of over 10 million, and employs over 7,000 staff. First Bank operates along four key Strategic Business Units (SBUs) ? Retail Banking, Corporate Banking, Commercial Banking and Public Sector Banking. It was previously structured as an operating holding company before the implementation of a non-operating Holding Company structure As of December 2015, the Bank had assets totaling NGN3.9 trillion ($12.2B according to 2017 exchange rates). The Bank's profit before tax for the twelve months ending 31 December 2015 was approximately NGN10.2 billion. First Bank?s ownership is diversified, with over 1.3 million shareholders. The bank was founded in 1894 and is Nigeria?s oldest bank. It converted to a public company in 1970 and was listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) in 1971. However, as part of the implementation of the non-operating holding company structure, it was delisted from the NSE and replaced with FBN Holdings Plc. in 2012. First Bank has been named "The Best Bank Brand in Nigeria" for five years in a row ? 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 ? by The Banker magazine of the Financial Times Group, and "Most Innovative Bank in Africa" in the EMEA Finance African Banking Awards 2014. In 2010, the Central Bank of Nigeria revised the regulation covering the scope of banking activities for Nigerian banks. The universal banking model was discontinued and banks were required to divest from non-core banking businesses or adopt a holding company structure. First Bank opted to form a holding company, FBN Holdings Plc., to capture synergies across its already established banking and non-banking businesses. The new structure resulted in a stronger platform to support the Group?s future growth ambitions domestically and internationally. | CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study Communication is an indispensable administrative tool. It permeates every facets of organization. It is a crucial instrument of social interactions and a medium through which all relationships are established and maintained. Communication is the transmission of common understanding through the use of symbols. The term communication is derived from the Latin word. (Communis), which means ?to share? (Ezezue,2008:65). Sharing denotatively implies ?partaking? ?co-operating? hence it is a social activity, but unless a common understanding results from the transmission of symbols (verbal or non-verbal), there is no communication, (Donnelly, Gibson and Ivancerich, 1984:34). Effective managerial communication is strategic for organizational goal achievement. Managers who are striving to become better communicators must accomplish two separate tasks first, they must improve their message ? the information they wish to transmit. Second, they must improve their own understanding of what people are trying to communicate to them; they must strive not only to be understood but also to understand others. While an organization has its physical setting, purpose and objectives, organization members have their individual objectives also. All these interplay in organizational setting, creating what we refer to as organizational climates. However, ineffective communication in an organization may result in uncertainty, apprehension and dissatisfaction, these results to, poor productivity. It is therefore necessary that managers communicate with employees effectively. The extent to which a manager accomplishes corporate goals depends on his ability to communicate effectively (Herich, 2008). The fact remains that many executives still do not understand what communication is and its role in the success of an enterprise (Nnamseh, 2009:114). Effective communication enhances organizational relationship and minimizes strikes and lockouts. Administrative purposes and goals are sometimes defeated when communication is not effective. Wastes and costly mistakes have been made due to gaps in communication. From the above scenario, the need arises for a critical assessment of the role of communication in strategic management of organizations. Communication is an indispensable function in achieving administrative goals. Getting the message across effectively and having it understood is a prerequisite to progress. There is no point in moving forward if the basic message is lost, or there are barriers in the process. This quickly reminds us of the biblical story of the construction of the Tower of Babel, the execution of which was a total failure because the builders could not communicate among themselves. Business organizations exist for the purpose of achieving predetermined goals and objectives. Actualization of these objectives ultimately requires a manager working with and through people. In this context, communication plays a vital role in the attainment of these goals. Its failure could then be traceable to poor application of communication. Incidentally, some managers do not often realize that communication is the vehicle that drives all the managerial functions. Success or failure of managerial functions depends to a great extent on the role of communication in the organization. 1.2 Statement of Problem Organization cannot achieve its administrative effectiveness without communication. Communication which is one of the life sources of an organization is very necessary in an organization because without it people cannot interact with each other. For example if the employees in an organization would not know the organizations objectives, they would not strive to achieve the organization?s objectives. The following would also ensure as a result of problems in the communication structure of an organization. i. The manger would not be able to inform employed of changes. ii. The managers would not be able to train their worker reports so the worker not poses the skill they need to carry out their jobs. iii. The employee in the organization would not know what their roles and responsibilities were so they would not be able to carry out their daily tasks and duties iv. There would be dissatisfied customer?s at a result of poor customer?s service v. The organization would not be aware of their computers activities. 1.3 Objectives of the Study The major objective of this study is to determine the relevance of communication skill on administrative effectiveness. Other specific objectives include: a. To evaluate the impact of communication in achieving the administrative effectiveness. b. To find out the most suitable pattern of communication adopted by the organization. c. To bring to the fore the barriers to effective communication. 1.4 Research Question 1) Is communication in an organization a necessary instrument for achieving administrative goals? 2) Are the communication modes and principles clearly understood and implemented by the management of Power Holding Company, Dugbe, Ibadan. 3) Can effective communication exist in every organization 4) Is communication the backbone in an organization 1.5 Significance of Study The significance of the research study is as follows: i. It provides realistic solutions to the problems or impediments to the development of communication skills in Power Holding Company of Nigeria, Dugbe District, Ibadan. ii. It exposes the numerous problems or impediments to the development of communication skills in an organization. iii. It exposes the level of communication in an organization iv. Since the study exposes the level of communication development in Power Holding Company of Nigeria, Dugbe District, Ibadan, other organization are challenged. v. It will serve as a guide to further research study 1.6 Scope of the Study The study ?Relevance of Communication Skill on Administrative Effectiveness? in which Power Holding Company of Nigeria, Dugbe District, Ibadan is a case study area such as communication historical background measuring of communication, principles, introduction development of communication skills in PHCN, Ibadan. 1.7 Definition of Terms Some of the terms used in this work are listed and defined below: 1. Effectiveness: is the capability of producing a desired result or the ability to produce desired output. When something is deemed effective, it means it has an intended or expected outcome, or produces a deep, vivid impression 2. Communication: The process of conveying information from a sender to a receiver with the use of a medium in which the communicated information is clearly understand the same way by both sender and receiver. 3. Communication Skill: The ability to convey information to another effectively and efficiently. Business managers with good verbal, non-verbal and written communication skills help facilitate the sharing of information between people within a company for its commercial benefit. 4. Effective: Producing a desired or intended result 5. Administrative Effectiveness: it is reasonable to consider whether alternative means exist for achieving the same ends. Control theory holds that organizations require mechanisms of control to ensure that members attend to organizational outcomes 6. Effective Communication: is a communication between two or more persons wherein the intended message is successfully delivered, received and understood. 7. Barrier: An obstacle that prevents communication, movement or access | CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUNDS TO THE STUDY The management of human resources is an increasingly important concern in large organization. Over the years, several business organizations have packed up basically because of the failure of the management team or designated personnel to properly harness their human resources potentials. Perhaps, the singular reason for this negative development in many business organizations is the quest and unbalanced agitation for mad profit and sudden business expansion. Capital which has been defined to mean both money and all other structures-machines and physical structures needed for the successful management of any business organization cannot in any way be compared to the undeniable importance of human resource management. Any business built on a weak human resources management would only need a short time before it folds up. Human resource management is an indispensable factor in any business organization survival equation. Some of the major issues relating to the management of human resources in any business organization range from issues such as the availability of needed talented and skilled personnel, other support staff for business growth, the quality of managerial talent and the control of tremendous costs now associated with managing a large high-talent work force. In developing and utilizing human resources, recognizing and carrying out each step in employment can make important contributions toward meaningful teamwork in a business organization. Indeed, modern personnel management has evolved from a number of significant and inter-related developments dating from the beginning of the industrial revolution which started in Europe in the 18th Century. An exhaustive history would trace such matters as the evolution of working association from ancient times and the vast changes in educational opportunity in recent years. Their impact in the total labour force, development in managerial education, the evolution of the corporations and other social, economic and political development of the 20th Century and before cannot be over- emphasized. Premised on this, the human resources require a great and careful management in order to get the desired results through the efforts of the people who constitute the personnel of a business organization. In actual fact, human resource management is neither a solo-job nor a purely technical one. It is a partnership between representatives of line and staff officials, working with union leaders to stimulate and develop employees in pursuit of organizational goals. According to Steiner, (1964) Human capabilities are resources to be managed in their own right; however, they also control or at least influence the other factors of production. Thus, the success an executive enjoys in the management of human capabilities may be expected to have a multiplier impact on the overall effectiveness of the enterprises. 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM Quite often, many ambitious business owners have underplayed the place of human resource management to the growth and survival of their businesses. This uncritical view is often anchored on the hasty conclusion that given the present bad state of the country's economy and with the quest for survival many job seekers won't be under the perpetual mercy of business owners (employers) with little or no possibility of wage/remuneration bargain or negotiation. In this type of employment equation, the employers are usually concerned on how to maximally use the employees to rake in huge profits without developing the latter's potentials. A synergy of this two seemingly conflicting school of thought is what this work seek to achieve. While in the first instance, some business owners often find it necessary to engage in human resource management, it is believed that a proper orientation on the importance of hum resource management can go a long way in changing business owners' orientation. The import of the above is hinged on that fact human resources management is a very significant factor that affects future business organization profits and growth. 1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS Attempts will be made to answer the following research questions which will also guide the direction of the study: 1. Is there any need for human resources in an organization? 2. Do resources have any effect on the performance of staff in First Bank Plc, Ikeja, Lagos? 3. What are the importance of staff training and development in an organization? 4. Do attracting, motivating and holding of people have any impact on an organization? 5. What are the likely problems facing the organization in respect to human resources? 1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The aim of the study is to highlight and appraise the role of human resources in a business organization through the management of First Bank Plc, Ikeja, Lagos. The specific objectives of the study are to; 1. Examine the impact of human resource management on employees' productivity. 2. Determine the need for proper human resources management and evaluate the impact of human resources management on the part of the employer of First Bank Plc, Ikeja, Lagos. 3. Investigate the training needs in organizations with emphasis on the Nigerian Breweries Plc., Ibadan. 4. Offer possible solutions to the problems facing the organization in respect to human resources management. 1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This study is important because its result will contribute to knowledge on how central proper human resource management can significant y contribute to the growth and expansion of any business Organization. This work benefits not only the First Bank Plc, Ikeja, Lagos, but also the Nigerian business society as a whole. The findings will be useful to upcoming business organizations on how to properly and advantageously, harness their enhance management scheme towards achieving maxim gains and profits. 1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The First Bank Plc, has a lot branches widely spread across the country exceeding the company's headquarters. Due to impossibility of covering and focusing on all the branches and for the purpose of a thorough and detailed research, this study has been limited to the study of the First Bank Plc, Ikeja, Lagos. 1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY This is a very important topic to management and organization as a whole and in the course of the research study, some inevitable and unavoidable reasons emerged as potential constraints in carrying out the research as desired. Such factors are limited time and financial hindrances which did not permit a larger scope and more comprehensive research work which thus making it difficult to constantly visit the case study organization for additional information. Also, the bureaucratic nature of the organization chosen for the study constituted a limitation because of the organization being a multinational institution with a lot of bureaucratic settings. 1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS It is important, at this juncture to define and give contextual meanings of some of the major terms used in this study. The following terms used in the course of the study are hereby explained below: ? Human Resources: According to Akindele, (2000) human resources are the people who are ready, willing and able to contribute to organizational goals and objectives. Human resource issues are studied solely by staff personnel, who present their findings to management or to the business planning staff as inputs to strategic or operational planning. ? Personnel Management: Ash, (1914) defines personnel management as the recruitment, selection, development, utilization of and accommodation of human resources by organization. There are three basic purposes of personnel management namely: Labour efficiency, formulation of good personnel policies and maintenance of industrial peace. ? Training: In the words of McCormick, (1979) training is a process or procedure through which the skill, talent and knowledge of an employee is enhanced and increased. A successful training programme must contribute to the growth and development of the competence and efficiency of employees. ? Development: This is a long term educational process utilizing a systematic and organized procedure by which managerial personnel learn conceptual and theoretical knowledge for general purpose. ? Planning: This is a managerial activity which involves deciding the goals and objectives of the establishment or organization and make preparation for how to get there i.e. how to meet or achieve the goals and objectives of the organization. There are strategic, operational or tactical planning. ? Recruitment: According to Jackson and Rottstein (1993), this is a process of searching for prospective employees and stimulating and encouraging them to apply. In recruitment, two major characters are involved namely: the recruiting and the recruited. During recruitment, organizations have to make chokes on who to take in their organization otherwise called the recruited. ? Selection: Nwagbo (2004) maintains that selection is to ere off the most appropriate applicants, turn them into candidates and persuade them that it is in their interests to join the organization even times of high unemployment. ? Placement: This is the action of placing an applicant for a job. It is one of the most critical aspects of personnel function. ? Motivation: Young (2002) says that motivation is the act of stimulating someone or oneself to get a desired course of action, to push the right button, to get a desired reaction. There are two kinds of motivation: positive negative motivation. |
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