| Description | Abstract
(Bilteneven 1973:11) says that a mass media can take message around the world. The stimulus for this on the research is to find out the impact of ANTI HIV/AIDS on the sexual habits of youths especially youth that reside in Ekwulobia Aguata local Government Area. As the saying goes that youth are the leader of tomorrow. The first chapter of these my study gives background information on the study. And also, looked at the introductory rational for the study, and the purpose/significance of the study. In addition to the limitations the second chapter surveyed the review of literature and summary of literature e. t c. The thirds chapter deals with the research question, research method, design population and sample. Data was gathered with help of questionnaires given to 160 correspondents, survey research method was used. Sample size was 120 and the population 720 youths resident of Ekwulobia local government area. The fourth chapter deals with the analysis of demography and hypothesis test, and it is presented in tables and also research questions were assessed and presented. The fifth chapter and also the final chapter has the summary, reference, conclusion, appendix and questionnaire derived from the findings of the study | | ABSTRACT
The world provides a competing for environment for firm competing for consumers chike of their product. yet consumers have the right to decide on what form of information they will respond to this research work is to examine critically influence of television Advertising on consumers choice of beverage plc. This research has the core objective of determining whether television advert has an influence on consumers choice, if there are factors, which can influence consumers choice and if advertising bring about brand loyalty in the course of this project, the researcher adopts survey research method with questionnaires as 600 used for this study. The sampling technique used is sample random sampling among the findings of this project is that television advertising influence most consumers, choice of beverages like carbury and also noted that television advertising alone could not perform all the task of influencing consumers in their choices of beverages. However, the major recommendation put forth is that no television station should down play advertising of the products especially carbury and as much as possible the price of the product should be emphasized on during advertising to capture consumers interest | | ABSTRACT
The project work is aimed at critically examining The roles of police public relations as a mechanism for improving police community relation in Dunukofia local Government Area. It attempts at critically evaluating the roles the police plays to improve their relationship with the publics at large. It equally aims at ascertaining the mutual relationship between police and the people of Dunukofia Local government Area. Moreover, survey method is used in the design of the study while the primary source of data collection is the self administered questionnaire. Thus, the source of this study was taken from the target population, which consist of six towns existing in Dunukofia Local Government Area which includes Ukpo, Nawgu, Ifitedunu, Umunachi, Ukwulu, Umudioka both male and female. Systematic Random sampling technique was employed and a total of 180 respondents were administered. The responses were tabled in a frequency and later converted into sampling percentage as the method of data analysis. Hence, the findings showed that police plays an important role in trying to create a good community police relation with the people. It equally adopted the social responsibility theory which focuses on maintaining a two-way communication in order to continuously ensure understanding or resolve conflicts of interests between individuals, institutions, organizations and their publics, the police makes sure there is safety in the society and equally makes sure laws and orders are being maintained and obeyed so well in the society. It is then recommended that the police force of Dunukofia Local government Area must address itself to issues and problems the community considers as crucial and should pay serious attention the communitys yearnings and should equally, at every stage inform the community of the relation behind such benevolence and the community on the other hand, should reciprocate, using appreciative words towards the police kind gestures. The researcher hoped the suggestion of conducting a further study on the topic could be done if possible. | |
| Content | Chapter One
1.1 Introduction
Before the advent of mass communication, the process of communication employed was interpersonal communication that is face to face communication. Interpersonal communication reaches limited audience but mass media make it possible for message to reach far beyond the immediate proximity of the sender. A few hundred feet may be all the distance the human voice prospect to a crowd, without the aid of a public address system. But a mass media can take the same message around the world (Bittenevn 1973: 11). But for this research work, we are narrowing it down to a particular mass media known as television. Although, there are other mass media like (radio) even the print media. The presence of television has influenced the society communication pattern, large audience now believes on television to provide a continuous flow of information, education, communication, entertainment and many others may depend on television for truth in complication and complex situation and when it is not granted they felt deprived. The impact of television in changing and shaping attitude and behaviours of the masses is the subject of debate because television influence modified by many factors. It is probably less powerful than many people think. But television do have an indirect influence on attitude at least they make people conscious. We witness the horror of war, crime, religious crises, ethnic and racial discrimination and so many societal ills its in the privacy and comfort of our living rooms. We learn new things, ideas and concepts when we listen and view television. This medium in its frequent reporting is about the issues like HIV/AIDS makes us to be aware of dreaded disease. The symptoms and signs, ways of contracting it, dangers it poses on immediate and future implication as well as prevention and treatment. Publicity in a corrupt society is believed to be a vital step to finding the cure of many societal ills. In line with this, it is believed that an existence courage and true information on ANTI-AIDS campaigns will get to perhaps, shape and mould the sexual habits of people more especially the youths.
1.2 Background of the study
We do not know how many people that have contracted this dreaded disease. AIDS in the 1970s and probably do not were AIDS virus HIV was originated from. The dominant feature of this first period was silence. HIV was unknown and transmission was not accompanied by signs and symptoms. Salient enough to be noticed seroarchaclogical studies have documented human infections with HIV prior to 1970s available data suggest that the current pandemic started in the mid to date 1970s. By 1980, HIV has spread to at least five continents such as Northern America, Southern American, Europe, Africa and Australia. In April 1981, there is an increase in case of rare lung, Infection pnuemocystic carnii pneumonia (PCP) at the center for disease control in Atlanta in June. The CDC published a report about the occurrence without indefinable cause of PCP. This report is sometimes referred to the beginning of AIDS, but it might be more accurate to describe it as the beginning of the general awareness of AIDS in the U.S.A. Around this time, a number of theories were developed about the possible cause of the opportunistic infections and cancers knowledge about this new disease was changing so quickly that certain assumption made at this time were shown to be unfounded just a few months later. In July, 1981, Dr Curran reported that no apparent dangers to non-homosexual from contagion. He said that no cases have been reported to data outside the homosexual community or in women. In June, 1982, report of a group of cases amongst gay men in southern California suggested that the disease might be caused by an infectious agent that was sexually transmitted. By the beginning of July, a total of 452 cases from 23 states had been reported to the CDC. Later that month, the report appeared that the disease was occurring in Haitian as well as in hemophilia. It is at the acronym AIDS was suggested at the meeting at Washington dc. By August, this name was being used in newspaper and scientific journals. AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) was first properly defined by the CDC in September, doctors though AIDS was an appropriate name because people acquired the situation rather than inherited it, because it resulted in a deficiency within the immune system, because it was syndrome with a number of manifestations, rather than a single disease. It was also becoming clear that AIDS was throughout 1982 there were separate reports of the disease occurring in a number of European countries on the same 1982, a number of AIDS specific voluntary organizations had been set up in the U.S.A. These include the san Francisco AIDS foundation (ASFAF), AIDS project los Angeles (APLA) and gay mens health crisis (GMNC). In November, 1982, the first AIDS organization is the terrenes Higgins trust was formally established in the UK, and by this time a number of AIDS organization were already producing safer sex advice for guy men.
1.3 Statement of problems
An Anti - HIV/AIDS advocacy programme which comprises publicity announcement, advertisement and ANTI-AIDS campaign was geared towards curbing the spread of the disease. Again it expected to help in changing and shaping the behaviours pattern of youth towards sex. This has called for ascertaining how these ANTI-HIV/AIDS programmers have influenced the sexual habits of youth or not.
1.4 Objectives or purpose of the study
This research work was aimed at examining the extent to which ABS T.V encourage on ANTI-HIV/AIDS PROGRAMMES have affected the youths residing in Ekwulobia, if it has changed their attitudes towards sex. This is also interested if their age, sex martial status and educational qualifications influence the way they receive the media message. Are the youths getting enough information on the disease?
1.5 Significance of the study
It is expected that the outcome of this study will help alert the youth on the dangers of HIV/AIDS and contribute to existing literature in the area of mass media effect. The study will help the health sector in monitoring and determine the type of media campaign to employ in corroboration of ANTI-AIDS information.
1.6 Research question
Four standard research questions are formulated for this study;
1. Do exposure of ANTI-HIV/AIDS programmes encourage youths from sexual promiscuity?
2. Do youths who are single expose themselves more to HIV/AIDS than those who are married?
3. How often do the youths have access to information about HIV/AIDS from ABS Awka television?
4. Do their programmes on ANTI-HIV/ AIDS related to the use of condom during sexual intercourse among youths?
1.7 Limitation on the study
Finance of transport from Ekwulobia to Onitsha was a limiting factor in the course of this research work. How the return of questionnaire could be managed was another limiting factor. Apathy on the part of these researcher interviewed could also posed a threat to the study. Again, some questionnaires suffered mortality.
1.8 Delimitation of the study
Ekwulobia town in Aguata local Government area has nine(9) villages. However, this study would be delimited to only four villages namely; Ula, Umuchiana, Okpo and Eziagulu. Since it would be difficult, if not impossible to study the entire villages in Ekwulobia.
1.9 Definition of terms
Impact: for the purpose of the study, it means strong impression or a compelling effect of ANTI-HIV/AIDs programmes on youths enough to make them change their sexual habits.
HIV/AIDS: humane immune virusAcquired immune deficiency syndrome.
ANTI-HIV/AIDS PROGRAMMES: programmes aimed at curbing the spread of HIV/AIDS disease.
SEXUAL HABITS: The immoral attitude practices towards sex.
YOUTHS: The age of adolescence ranging from 18 to 30 years of age.
TELEVISION: a piece of electrical equipment with a screen on which you watch programmes with moving pictures and sound. | This work focuses on the coverage of foreign news by Nigerian Newspapers using Vanguard and Daily Sun as case studies. The researcher made use of content analysis while simple random sampling was used to select 24 editions of the two newspapers which amounted to 48 editions as the sample size for the period of six months of this study. The findings show that Nigerian newspapers report foreign news frequently but do not give it prominence that is most foreign news reported were buried in the inside pages of the newspapers. Also the Nigerian newspapers report more of negative foreign news which does not have any bearing on development purposes. This work concludes that the concept of imbalance in news flow should be given less attention and be accepted as a characteristic of media system. | CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The major purpose of advertising is to communicate, educate and market a product/ service, idea or cause, though a channel or media that is accessible to target audience. However, the marketing function recognizes the strategic value of advertising as an element of the promotional mixifirm use in selling their goods and services according to Ozoh (1998, p.13).
Advertising is a distinct promotional element that serves as a bridge between the advertisers and the target market. Through advertising, the advertisers deliver his massage to the target market. Also in a mass market, where it is quite impossible to reach the multitude of prospects for a brand personally, advertising offers not only the cheapest means, but an effective way of entering into the targets consciousness to get them acquainted with the product with the product or services so there is need for advertisement in order to get the targets acquainted with the product or services.
Moreover, many organizations or industries believe that advertising their products will command or attract many consumer for such product. The question now is, does television advertising on consumers choice of beverage using carbury as comparative study for this research.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The research under study orders on the topic influence of television advertising on consumers choice of beverage. Advertising pervades our lives. It is impossible to read newspaper, magazine, and journal or watch television, listen to radio or even travel the streets of our cities without being bombarded by commercial messages. Our country derives benefit from information about products and services. On the other side of the fence, companies with products or services to sell, regard advertising as a valuable and indeed indispensable marketing tool. a proximately 3% of the gross national product is currently devoted to advertising, so advertising is a large and essential way of doing business.
research of old see broadcast audience (TV viewers)as passive, hence they provided the passivity theory or buller theory which states that the media has a powerful effect on the audience and this means that once the advertising message gets to audience, it has an immediate impact on them. however, later research has proved otherwise. it is true that some kinds of communication on some kinds of product brought to the attention of some kinds of people, under some kind of conditions have some kind of effect, according to berelson as cited in Nwosu (2005, p.40). This does not mean that the audience is not without their own eritical-mind on a product. Television advertisements have been found to be of immense benefits.
Business organization involves them with advertisement in order to create awareness about their products and services and boost sales. By definition, advertising as the advertising practitioners council of Nigeria (APCON) defines it is a form of communication through media about products, services, or ideas, paid for by an identified sponsor (cited in Ozoh, 1998, p.1).Fletcher (1979) as cited by in Ozoh (1998,p.2) opines it is the dissemination of sales message through purchase time and space. The authors of contemporary Advertising (Bovee and Arens 1986) define, it as the non-personal communication of information usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature about a products, services or ideas by an identified sponsor through the various media.
Furthermore, advertising is a form of communication through the media about products, services, ideas, personalities or organizations, paid for by an identified sponsor. It is also a profession, a body of reminsee involved in the conceptualization, planning, creating, packaging and placing of advertising plays a major information role, making known available product and services to the intending consumers, and offering the products and services as attractively possible, thus enabling the consumer to make a choice, Wright and Warner(1997, p.2) opine that advertising has the unique function to create differentiation among product brands and services that are otherwise difficult to distinguish.
Advertising of a particular product that fails to live up to the expectations of the consumer will not be effective and thus, will not exert any influence. How true is the above assertion? To what extent do these television advertisements influence audience? Hence the relevance of this study: influence of television advertising on consumers choice of Beverage.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The primary aim of every business organization is to make profit and this profit in achieved through the patronage of the class of people the business organization regard as its primary customers. According to McDaniel (1996 p.1) Advertising is a method of impersonal communication using such media as the press, radio, Bill board, television and so on. However, there are a number of problems which need to be carefully stated before any decision can be made about whether to spend any money on advertising at all, let alone how to spend it. For example many people believe that advertising is a waste of money and that media expenditure would be better spending on personal selling. All these are issue in television advertising, hence the need to undergo a study on influence of television advertising on consumer choice of Beverages.
1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
The following are the objectives of this work
1. To find out if television advertising has any influence on consumers choice of Beverages.
2. To find out whether there are other factors which can influence consumers on their choice of beverages.
3. To find out if television advertising brings about brand loyalty.
4. To find out the number of people that watch television advertising.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
With a view to obtaining answer to the problems of this research work, the following research questions are posed.
1. Does television advertising influence consumers choice of beverage?
2. Can other factors other than advertising influence brand loyalty?
3. Do consumers see brand name as synonymous with quality?
4. How often do masses view television advertising?
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The essence of television advertising is to influence consumers in decision making on their choice of beverages based on what they watch. This study is relevant for advertising agencies and the media who sees the need to receive and disseminate television advert to the public. Also, the study would help researchers and other scholars in ascertaining the influence or effects of television advertising on brand choice of audience it will help audience in the selection of products.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The effect of this work is targeted at determining the responses among television viewers concerning television advertising on consumers choice of beverage using carbury as a comparative study to be covered. Attempt will also be made to know the extent at which television station run such programmes.
1.7 LIMITATION OF THESTUDY
The major limitations of this study is that the newness of the topics as assigned by the project supervisor posed a big challenge to the researcher. Lack of material such as textbook, journals, internet print-outs relevant to carry out the research and renovation of school library were banners to the study. Despite all these limitations, the research was successfully carried out.
1.8 OPERATIONAL DEFNITION OF TERMS
The under listed terms are defined in with their usage in the study, influence, operationally, influence means the indirect power over something. It could be as a result of something, somebody or a group of people.
Television: It is a piece of electrical equipment with a screen on which you can watch adverts with sound and moving pictures.
Advertisement: It refers to any paid for or sponsored messages, which is disseminated through the media and aim at informing and persuading to purchase a product or services.
Consumer: In this context, consumer refers to a person who buys and uses finished goods and services.
Choice: This refers to the selection of something among possible alternatives.
Beverages: Refers to any liquid that is drunk for food or pleasure. A drink other than water | The study ?The Impact of mobile phone on Agricultural Information among Otukpo Farmers?. A study of Agric information dissemination among Otukpo farmer, Otukpo Local Government Area. Using a survey of five villages in Otukpo town, Otukpo Local Government Area of Benue State the researcher found that Otukpo farmers has adopted the impact of mobile phones in getting agric information due to the benefits derives from it such as enabling verification/discussion with chief farmers and extension workers facilitating communication and saves transportation cost institution relationship with agricultural extension officers helps to obtain information on price of goods and services. This research also finds that the following problems are associated with the use of mobile phones - poor network services high charges network congestion power failure and reduction interconnectivity. The study is anchored on the diffusion of innovation theory which excludes that mobile phone have generally improved farmers in the farming system. It recommends that Nigeria communications commission should set a standard for the mobile phone operators in Nigeria with regards to signal strength power failure and reduction interconnectivity. The study is anchored on the diffusion of innovation theory which excludes that mobile phone have generally improved farmers in the farming system. It recommends that Nigeria communications commission should set a standard for the mobile phone operators in Nigeria with regards to signal strength successful recharge and balance inquiry call centre operations and call success rate to improve services. This study recommends that the chairman of Otukpo local government area should provide frequent power supply for the Otukpo town also the extension workers should pay serious attention to the information needs of the farmers | CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
This study is on Police public relations as mechanism for improving police community (in Dunukofia local government area). It is most often agreed and rightly that community relations is an indispensable tool of every worthwhile organization.
Even more to bureaucratic and segmented organizations, public relations is vital to the overall success of any establishment within the community in which it serves and their programme can introduce a friendly atmosphere in a hitherto antagonist environment to such an extent that the organization and the community can work together as partners in progress.
Any establishment that is worthy of its name owes the community in which it operates and serves a responsibility and the community too owes the organization, if the two are to exist in a conducive atmosphere to solve their neutral problems and evolve a better community.
Good public Relations can serve an organization from liquidations in terms of crisis and poor public relations may result in the death of a hitherto healthy organization. Full information of police public relations in Dunikofia and its relations with the community can induce great regard organization firstly for its good work to the community and then for its success in business.
Once this favorable impression is not created in the minds of the people of the communities.
The reputation of the organization is bound to sour within that community. The measure of successful policy public relations will be indicated by the regard which people have for an organization i.e. regard based on their knowledge and understanding because an organization has been able to create a favorable image of itself within the community it serve.
1.2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Public relation practices is a phenomenon which is meant to use mutual understanding towards individuals ot organization and an organization like the police force to operate successfully in any community with its attendant, socio-cultural, economic, political and religious problems a necessity for such police organization and who should own polices.
On the other hand, a public relation is a deliberately planned and sustained effort which is geared towards maintaining mutual co-operation between organization and its policies. Every organization operates on a particular area, which it owes some social responsibility. If the organization comes out of its duties effectively the community it operates on, would resituate and when this happens, there is likely to be mutual understanding in them otherwise, hostility will flame up.
1.3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. To investigate the extent the public relations has improved the police community relations.
2. To determine how the services of police are understood and appreciated by the community it is being purported to serve.
3. To examine if the activities of the police accords with the provisions of the law establishing it.
4. To access the categories of officers qualified for the action.
1.4. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. To what extent do public relation improve the police community relations?
2. How far are the services of the police understood and appreciated by the community it is purported to serve?
3. Are the activities of the police agreeable, with the provision of the law establishing it?
4. What categories of officers is most guilty for this action?
1.5. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will aid to bridge the gap between contradictory position and practice of public relations.
Also, the public is always suspicious about police for their unbecoming service. It will help to create mutual understanding and relationship between the police and the public they offer service to.
In academic field, it will aid for further study or research. It will equally help the governments to set a better policy for good public and police friendship for better security.
Lastly, this research work will enable public relations practioners carry out their functions with a good insight.
1.6. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this study is the six (6) towns in Dunukofia. These ones under studies includes: Ifitedum, Nawgu, Ukwulu, Umunachi, Umudioka and Ukpo which is their headquarter. Also, it is the activities of the community police relations committee in these towns that are examined.
1.7. DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. PUBLIC RELATIONS: Is the deliberate planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain a mutual understanding between an organization and its publics.
2. POLICE: Is anyone or an official organization whose job is to make people, obey the laws and orders, prevent and equally solve crimes.
3. POLICE PUBLIC RELATIONS: According to Alozie practice, Is an attempt to achieve the goal of a favourable public image, sometimes, both may not be emphasized rather truth is manipulated in order to gain an acceptable public image. | This work is a study of the effect of public relations on the consumer. It users premier breweries Plc as a case of study. The research has employed oral interview for the collection of data this millennium. The work establishes the effect of public relations on the consumer. The work also offers a useful suggestion on how to transform the effects of public relations on the consumer into the contemporary use. Finally, the are useful summary recommendations and conclusion in the study which will be of help to scholars who could undertake studies relating to the topic. |
