| Description | | CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
This research is on the impact of religion on tourism and the hospitality industry.
Tourism according to MCINTOSH and Gupta (1977) as any voluntary activity that temporarily takes person away from his or her usual place of residence in order to satisfy a need either for pleasure, excitement, experience or relaxation. Tourism many be seen to consist senses of encounter in which visitors interact with their hosts.
The history of tourism could be traced back to the days when Jesus Christ was born. The birth of Jesus Christ which inside the three wise men to journey, from the east of Jerusalem to king to visit Jesus Christ with different gifts. Mathew chapter 2 (The holy bible), Tourism is said to be God’s own given gift to man, in the sense that any tourist attraction centre is beautiful, thrilling and a marvellous sight to behold which will leave you thinking of God’s great kindness to man.
Religion according to Socrates (a greek philosopher, 1912) is defined as the practise that depicts the belief of people which are of more importance to their everyday life. It controls the laws, how you think and act, what you believe in, value etc. This have led to a dramatic increase in knowledge about their cultures, norms and also the establishment of economic and social histories of progress.
History has it that the stating point of religion was from the tribal band whose religion is amonistic and involved shamans (a medicine man from a similar region) and totems (an object; species, plant, natural phenomenon symbolising a family). Since the group was tribal, there was no permanent sanctuary for worship with cultic rites centre on identification with wild animals and appeasing spirits of the hunted animals.
Hospitality industry, an aspect of Tourism which cannot be overlooked is defined according to “the prospectors act 1956. section 1 (3) as an establishment held our by the proprietors offering foods and drinks if so required sleeping accommodation without special contract to any traveller presenting himself to be in a fit state of mind to be received and is willing and able to pay for the services rendered to him by the establishment. Its history can be traced to the early civilization of the mind 16th century when the Romans built roads between the main cities and towns of the time along which posting houses known as stabuli were set up to provide holding, food drinks. Thus, Every city/town at this time had ale houses which provides only drink which later advanced to the building of what we now call the hospitality industry (hotel).
Therefore, as stated above, tourism religion and hospitality cannot separated from one another which means that the impacts one has on the other cannot be underemphasized.
1.2 Background of the Study
The background of the study focused on the surrounding the situation i.e. the course of study and how the issues effect the followers of such religion more so, it will focus on the activities at the place of worship, likes for the leaders and some moral acts that encourage people from religions activities. This study help to unveil the impacts that tourism has on religion and hospitality industry.
1.3 Objective of the Study
The study is aimed at find out how to develop tourism globally and also aimed at looking into the various impacts of religion on tourism and hospitality industry.
It is hoped that through this study, tourists would have better understandings of religion and its impact on tourism and hospitality industry as a whole. It is also hoped that through the findings in this study, people (tourists) would see the relevance of Tourism on Religion.
1.4 Significance of the Study
The significance of the study is based on the fact that if findings of the researcher s are well implemented, it will facilitate and improve the development of Religion towards tourism. It is hoped that this study would answer some questions of what impacts religion have on hospitality and tourism industry. The study will also arouse researchers investigate ways of improving Religion Tourism.
1.5 Statement of Problem
These are the problems encountered during the course of engaging on the religion tourism activities. The major problems include insufficient disposable income to partake and enjoy the various religious activities, transportation problems, accommodation and food and beverages services, and the major things that affects tourist from engaging in the religion tourism.
1.6 Limitation or Scope of the Study
The research work is focused on the religious activities and events that takes place in the “living faith World” (Winners chapel head quarters) located in Idi-iroko, Out, Ogun State Nigeria and will shed more high on those who are religiously inclined and also examine and show the religious practices which have attracted people as part of tourism.
1.7 Definition of Terms
Tourism Religion, Hospitality Industry, Tourist destination, Tourist attractions, Visitor, Tourist.
Tourism: The relationship of phenomenon arising from voluntary travel and stay of an individual away from his/ her usual place of residence to a pre-determined destination in search of pleasure, leisure etc and are not connected with any remunerated activity.
Tourist:- This is an individual that is involved in tourism activities. According to MCINTOSH and Gupta (1999).
Visitor: - Is someone travelling from his place of usual residence to another place, but not primarily for tourism activities but enjoys such activities during his stay. (Unesco definition of tourism 2001).
Tourist Attractions:- These are the physical and natural images or activities that motivates people (tourists) for visit.
Tourist Destinations: - These refer to the places where the tourist attractions are located or sited.
Religion: These are set of rules that are taught which govern one to follow and to worship his/ her creator spiritually.
Hotel (Hospitality Industry): Is an establishment that renders the services of food and drinks, accommodation to people (tourists) who are willing and able to pay for the services rendered to them by the establishment. | | | | |
| Content | |
ABSTRACT
This project was written in compliance with the instruction given by the Federal Polytechnic Ede this project would be of immense value to those willing to know more about religion, tourism, and the Hospitality industry. Also, the impacts which religion has on the society and tourism, the significance of religion tourism, and some religion festivals were discussed based on its relationship with the hospitality industry.
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ABSTRACT
Tourism is one of the important industrial sectors. The tourism sector is an industry that employs many workers and a source of income for the country. The existence of both natural attractions and tourist facilities surround artificial and is a pleasant place to visit. Leisure visitors in tourist areas should also be accompanied by protection of the safety and health while in tourist areas. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of work safety in the tourism sector. This research using critical analyze method. The results showed that of some of the focus of research, there are some things that still need improvement, including the lack of a comprehensive policy between the government concerned, the tourism offices, labour offices and health offices concerning safety in the tourism sector, safety facilities such as portable fire distinguisher on public facility are still lacking. There has been no regular monitoring of related parties. Advice that can be given in this study was made a few policy between tourism offices, labour offices and health offices authorities to implement health and safety in the tourism sector and be monitored regularly.
| ABSTRACT
Considering the importance of consumer/customer in business organizations, the study aims at to identify the mediating variables of service quality dimensions that lead to satisfaction of customers in airline by investigating the influence of perceived service quality, perceived value, and customer satisfaction in the context of travel agents in Rivers state. Collection of necessary data shall be through questionnaire/schedule primary data and also other relevant secondary sources. However, before using the structured questionnaire / schedule, a pilot study will conducted to analyze and rectify the shortcomings/deficiencies. Both descriptive and inferential statistics was employed in analyzing the data to be collected using closed ended multiple choice questionnaires.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
It is believed that the goal of every organization is to meet the needs and the requirements of its stakeholders. Meeting the needs and the requirements of the stakeholders will not only ensure the survival of the organization but also flourish it. Customer is presumed to be one of the most important stakeholders in any organization because without him, organizations are not likely to succeed. Travel trade in Nigeria contributes 6.8 of Nigerias GDP, INR 2,178.1 Billion to the countrys GDP, USD 18.13 Billion in foreign exchange earnings, 3.6 growth is foreign tourists from May 2015, 39.5 million jobs, 7.7 of its total employment. Total travel agents in Nigeria: 20,000 approx doing monthly business.
1.1 Background of the Study
The success of airlines depends majorly on the ability to identify customers wants and needs, and factor it in the quality service that would meet customers satisfaction. Air transport is the transportation of passengers and cargo by aircraft and helicopters.
Thus, it is a transport mode for the movement or carriage by air of persons or goods using airplanes and helicopters Don Beliner 1996. The airline industry is a major player in the world economy as it contributes significantly to the leisure/tourism and is a key element of international business Tiernan, Rhodes Waguespack, 2008, with global airline revenues exceeding 12.9 billion as at 2006 IATA, 2007.
The aviation industry in Nigeria is a major player in the economy owing to its substantial contribution to ease of movement within the country especially in the face infrastructural decay poor and insecure road transport system in the recent years. Nigerian Airways was established in October, 1958 as a joint venture between the Nigerian governments lines and the British Overseas Airways Corporation BOAC while the Nigerian Airways took over the operation of domestic flights from the disbanded West African Airways Corporation WAAC which had been operating commercial aircraft within the country since 1946 Filani, 1983. In 1963, the Nigerian Federal Government bought out the other shareholders and the Nigerian government became the sole owner of Nigeria Airways. The airline has monopoly for providing domestic air services in Nigeria and also the national flag carrier for international services. According to Filani 1983, in 1976, within Nigeria several charter companies joined the Nigeria Airways to operate additional flight in small aircraft from Lagos to the main economic centers in the Southern and Northern parts of the country. The Nigerian government realizing the role of air transport in the Nations development made significant attempts to develop the country's aviation industry. The most massive was the 19751980 airport development programme in which the Murtala Mohammed airport complex was about complex was about N240 million Filani, 1983. Six other airports in Kano, Ilorin, Kaduna, Sokoto, Port Harcourt and Maiduguri were developed to accommodate large aircrafts. Apart from these airports development programme the Federal government also intensifies manpower development in the aviation industry. But due to the efficiency of the sector, the aviation industry was liberalized to allow private owners to compete favourable in the business.
Port Harcourt International Airport IATA: PHC, ICAO: DNPO is an international airport located in Omagwa, a suburb of Port Harcourt city in Rivers State, Nigeria. The airport consists of a single terminal with separate facilities for international and domestic flights. In 2009, the airport served 1,081,587 passengers, making it the third busiest airport in Nigeria.
This lead increase of number of operators and perceived frequent flyers in the industry which does the perceived services value and quality often reflect the customers level of satisfaction with the airline and show intention to repatronize the service FMA, 2012.
According to Nigerian Airport Authority FMA, 2012, from visiting family and friends to shipping high value products, 8.3 million passengers and 181,000 tonnes of freight travelled to, from and within Nigeria; domestically, more than 66,800 flights make over 75 million seats available to passengers, destined to 18 airports as at years 2011 and 2012.
Since success of airlines in Nigeria will be its ability to identify customers wants and needs, gather them up and then come up with quality service that would meet customers satisfaction it important that researches on assessing the determinant of choice of airline should be continuous as this will assist all the stakeholders survive in their strive to suppress competition by attempting to bridge the existing gap between customers service expectations and the quality of service offered by them to fly within Nigeria.
In Nigeria, the value of consumer benefit varies because of how often they fly, and the value a passenger attach to additional flight will in general fall. This is consonance to the law of diminishing returns which states that affirming that to continue after a certain level of performance has been reached, will result in a decline in effectiveness Case, Karl Fair Ray 1999.
1.2Statement of the Study
Since, the success of airlines depends majorly on customers whereby, without them an organization seize to exist, it is therefore, importance to identify there wants and needs, and factor it in the quality of service to be rendered to the customers. A major problem to the aviation industry in general Nigeria is the cost of flight, the route that are available and the durability of the aircraft in terms of the life span of the aircraft in use.
Hence, this study examines if the Nigerian Passengers that fly within Nigeria get the value of the expected fare paid for the flight, fully satisfied with the services delivered or the air fee exceeds the perceived value gotten from the flight and with the less value or satisfaction gotten through air transport.
The quality of service the customers perceived most time are not the quality of service the customer gets at the end.
Quality of service do not match to the cost of service.
1.3Objectives of the Study
The objective of the study is therefore to:
Investigate the service delivery of Rivers state Aviation industry if its meets the customers satisfactory and value
To identify customers perceived value and needs, his satisfactory level.
Examine how the passengers socioeconomic status affects choice of airline.
Analyze the impact of perceived value on customer satisfaction in Nigeria Aviation Industry.
Analyze the impact of service quality on customer satisfaction in Nigeria Aviation Industry.
1.4Research Questions
This research addresses the following questions related to services provided by airline travel agents in Rivers state:
Which service quality dimensions are the best predictors of overall service quality in terms of satisfaction in the service sector
Do customers perceive value influences their satisfaction level on the choice of airline
1.5 Research Hypothesis
Consequently the proposed hypothesis of the study is;
H01: There is no significant relationship between service quality and satisfaction of air travelers Nigeria.
H1: There is significant relationship between service quality and satisfaction of air travelers Nigeria.
H02: There is no significant relationship between perceived value and air travelers satisfaction in Nigerian.
H2: There is no significant relationship between perceived value and air travelers satisfaction in Nigeria.
H03: Socio economic attribute of airline travelers do not influence the choice of airline.
H3: Socio economic attribute of airline travelers does influence the choice of airline.
1.7Significance of the Study
Quality is increasingly becoming a strategic issue in the Western world Bergman and Klefsjo, 2003. One of the main reasons for the successes of Japanese industry in the 1970s and 1980s was that the Japanese realized early that quality concept should emanate from the requirements and expectations of the customers Bergman and Klefsjo, 2003. This perception played a vital role in bringing about success Bergman and Klefsjo, 2003. Today service quality has become more vital than ever before because service providers have realized that they have to provide customer perceived value, if they want to stay in business. Therefore, this research work will help the management of the Rivers state airline to manage the aviation industries to meet up with the customers perceived value and satisfaction. If the management adhere to this research guideline, then they will excel in the business environment.
1.8Scope of the Study
This research work will be concentrated in the area of business satisfactory using customers perceived value and needs, also this study will be based on airline industries using the Rivers state aviation for the study as a case study or reference point.
1.9Limitation of the Study
This project was constrained by the following factors:
a. Financial Constraints
Bearing in mind the economic state of the nation, it was found difficult in making both ends meet, because of the exorbitant nature of things nowadays in travelling for the collection of data needed for the project.
b. Time Constraints
Looking at the interval between the resumption and vacation of the final semester for the project to be completed, the time given seemed to be short for the collection of required information for better work to be done.
c. NonAvailability of Material
During this project, it was noticed that the required materials needed for the project are not documented. Those that were documented lacked storage facilities where they can be reached.
1.10. Definition of Term
Aviation is the practical aspect or art of aeronautics, being the design, development, production, operation and use of aircraft, especially heavier than air aircraft.
An airline is a company that provides air transport services for traveling passengers and freight.
Customer satisfaction is a marketing term that measures how products or services supplied by a company meet or surpass a customers expectation.
Consumers perceived the worth that a product or service has in the mind of the consumer. The consumers perceived value of a good or service affects the price that he or she is willing to pay for it. For the most part, consumers are unaware of the true cost of production for the products they buy.
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Bergman Bo and KlefsjoBengt 2003, Quality, from customer needs to customer satisfaction. McGrawHill. | i. Effective enlightenment campaign through Television, newspapers, radios and posters, handbills, etc.
This enlightenment campaign should be so programmed as to be able to gradually educate and change the culturally or religiously biased against Egungun festival.
ii. The coordination and marketing of cultural tourism in the Study Area.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Certification. ii
Dedication. iii
Acknowledgment iv
Table of Contents. v
List of Tables. vii
List of Figures. ix
Abstract x
CHAPTER ONE.. 1
1.0 Introduction. 1
1.1 Background to the Study. 1
1.2 Aims and Objectives of the Study. 3
1.3 Research Question. 3
1.4 The Study Area. 4
1.4.1 Location. 5
1.4.2 Vegetation. 6
1.4.3 Cultural Heritage. 7
CHAPTER TWO.. 9
2.0 Literature Review.. 9
2.1 Conceptual Framework. 9
2.2 Literature Review.. 10
2.3 Tourism.. 12
2.4 Culture and Cultural Resources. 13
2.5 Perspectives on Culture and Tourim in Nigeria.14
2.6 Benefits of Cultural Tourism.. 16
2.7 Festival16
2.8 Some festivals in Nigeria.18
2.9 Authenticity of Festivals and Culture in Tourism.. 21
2.10 Hypotheses. 22
CHAPTER THREE.. 23
3.0 Methodology. 23
3.1 Research Design. 23
3.2 Population. 23
3.3 Sampling Procedure. 23
3.4 Administration and Reliability of the Instrument24
3.5 Data Analysis. 24
3.6 Conceptualisation. 24
CHAPTER FOUR.. 26
4.0 Data Analysis and Discussion. 26
4.1 Hypothesis Testing. 50
4.3 Egungun Festival in Ede. 26
4.4 Significance of Egungun Festival28
4.5 Features of Egungun. 29
4.6 Drums of Egungun. 29
4.7 Types of Egungun in Ede. 30
4.8 Pictures of Egungun. 32
4.9 The Festival Period. 36
CHAPTER FIVE.. 52
5.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation. 52
5.1 Summary of Findings. 52
5.2 Conclusion. 52
5.3 Recommendation. 53
References. 54
Appendix. 57
ABSTRACT
The relevance of Egungun festival as part of the culture of the people of Ede town to Tourism development is investigated in this study. Efforts are made to highlight the possible ways Egungun festival can be sustainably developed in the Study Area towards effective sociocultural political and economic growth and better recreational and tourism management. About one hundred questionnaires were distributed randomly within the Study Area. The respondents consist of different categories of people with different backgrounds, occupations and social status. Findings revealed that age, occupation and civilisation has nothing to do with sustainability of Egungun festival, however contemporary religious beliefs determine the level of sustainability. Cultural tourism has great advantages and potentials. Therefore, in order to develop cultural tourism, especially Egungun festival in Ede. It is recommended that the organisers should pay special attention to:
| ABSTRACT
This study focuses on the impact of ICT application on hospitality and tourism data collected were analyzed and tabulated and presented using averages and simple percentages they hypothesis were tested using normal distribution statistical tools at c = 0.05 significant level and population N= 60 workers. Those in the top management and other staff, the sample size of 50 was determined by systematic random sampling from the above stated population as in table. The C value were calculated and the results compared with the critical c2 value the Ho, Hypothesis was rejected because the c2 calculated values were higher than the critical value, and the Ha accepted, the major findings made in the course of this study include that the profitability of a company is significantly dependent upon the choice of ICT concepts that the level of education of staff has equally be contributing to low capability use of ICT concepts and so on are recommended that, the management should employ trained personnels for effective handling of ICT machines and make good choice of ICT concepts so as to get the best in the market. |
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