| Description | | CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The concept of news, journalism and freedom of press have for many years now been a major sources of disagreement between developing countries eg. African and developed nations of the world. Developing countries often feel ill served by the western news media claiming that foreign writers distrust the story about African growth and development or at times failed to report it at all.
The developing nation at other hand often see the developing nation as hindering the report of news. Members often from the news media in industrialized nations say a free press as it existed in the United States of America (U.S.A) and Great Britain is virtually unknown in Africa and other part of the developing countries. They argue that information and communication has a vital note to play in the development of any nation.
In about mid 70s, there was a cry over the poor coverage of event in the industrialized world by the African press while the African press has said the same thing about the industrialized world. As a result of this problem, the maintenance of an open flow of information across national boundaries lies assists to create and maintain a source of nations hood, it also perform development task such as improving educational, health care delivery, science and technology, political stability and offers inter-cultural information. It also help information public opinion as well as acts as a form of entertainment. It also acts as watch dog on government in a country where such is permitted.
The developed countries have been accusing the third world. They claim that the third world countries used their media primarily for economic and social development and to promote the government inn power. These arguments have had poor coverage of foreign event by many newspapers.
They argue further that news about developed countries are often published negatively and started to suit the ideology of the third world news agencies. The nature of news is always changing as a result of national interest and standards are always changing and because of this, the structure of news for the developing nations especially African countries must be redefined to reflect the effort being made by different government in Africa to transform their societies.
The Western definition of news on the other hand emphasizes on events that is out of the ordinary, exceptional, existing, sensational of man-biting the day varieties. This concept of news has influenced Western consensus.
Sequel to this 1997 meeting was a new international commission on communication problem was set up. The commission was headed by Seen Macbridge, former risk foreign Minister. The commission submitted its reports in 1990.
However, apart form the commissions recommendation, the committee was surprise after analyzing the content of the third world newspaper to team that the developed countries newspaper radio and television ahs the same bias reportage of foreign events. The developed nation argues that the bulk of information said to developing nations were saluted to suit the power that be.
In addition to that, the commission pointed out that there is a tendency for journalists in developing countries to write in a manner in which facts are distorted to perpetuate pejorative attitude and also to use terms that is dividing and insulting.
The study therefore analyze the coverage of foreign news by Daily Champion and vanguard newspaper to see whether the two dailies has the same reportorial bias as was discovered by the international commission on communication problem.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
In the cause of this project work, certain reporters in what they gather and write as news about Africa are obscene. To them news are made in the third world countries only when there are scandals, coup detat, civil war and insurgence etc.
The developing nations are still batting to challenge this western definition of news of stretching the definitions to include and emphasize constructive news, embracing stories on social change, economic development, social, cultural, agricultural, technology and industrial progress, news that highlighted the culture and of peoples life and promotes trade and commerce.
The developing countries have also complained about the imbalance in order of global news flow which ensures that eighty percent of the world news comes from the industrialized counties with only about ten to twenty percent concerned about the third world.
One of the situation of this dissatisfaction which the situation was in the advocating for a new world information and communication order (NWICO) an order with a broader base include necessary for the preservation of world peace.
In 1976 at the United Nations Education Scientific and cultural Organization (UNESCO) general conference in Nairob, Kenya, the issue of new world information and communication order was first raised. In 1998, UNESCO accorded what amounted to defaults recognition to the issue by granting it a compromised factor has contributed seriously to the impediment of this research work. It was a great puzzle movement to assemble these dairies and on the other hand, the interview of the personnels of these newspaper companies.
In consonances with that, there has been a great battle between developed countries and the developing countries on the issue of news imbalanced. The right coverage of such news will help mould public opinion concerning any of the nations. The developing countries hinder the free flow of information into such countries.
It is against this background that this study analyzed the coverage of foreign news in daily champion and vanguard Newspapers.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The principal aim of this research work is to find out the extent to which Daily Champion and Vanguard Newspapers reports foreign news. The specific purpose of this study is to
1. To find out if the political ideology of Nigerian affects its press reportage of foreign news.
2. To evaluate between Daily Champion and Vanguard newspaper rate of foreign news coverage.
3. To know the type of news about foreign counties that is reported by Daily Champion and Vanguard newspaper.
4. To critically examine the extent at which the Nigerian press show interest in the countries.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
The most topical and persistent issue in international communication and politics today is the issue of global news flow controversy. This is essentially a demand to the necessity for a drastic change in the present pattern of information flow between and among nations of the world.
Experts argue that the research for solution will be in high emphases because of the influence of mass communication in international politics and peace. This project will help correct the negative view held by he public concerning the coverage of foreign news by Nigerian newspapers.
Finally, this work will indicate the shortcoming of Nigerian newspaper in the coverage of foreign events.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION
1. To what extent does Nigerian press show interest in the development of foreign news?
2. Does government policy affect the foreign news coverage?
3. Does the press cover more negative news about foreign countries than development news?
1.6 LIMITATION OF STUDY
This project is limited only to the Daily Champion and vanguard newspaper. These dailies has been picked at random for easy content analysis of he newspaper pages at the cause of this research, a lot of problems were encountered. These problems include lack of adequate textbook in the library needed for this study. As a result of that, the researcher was unable to visit major towns and cities where there are better equipped libraries. Time was another constraining factors, the research was carried out in a short period of four months.
This study will embrace the historical back ground of new world information and communication order (NWICO) discuss its short comings, travails and importance
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
The concept of this study are:
1) Nigerian press
2) Negative news
3) Development news
4) News imbalance
NIGERIAN PRESS
Periodicals, mostly newspapers that are published and owned within Nigerian.
NEGATIVE NEWS
News about drought, famine, political instability, loop, war and poverty.
DEVELOPMENT NEWS
News that covers basic economic development political stability, improvement in the technology improvement in the technological innovation, improved infrastructures. | | ABSTRACT
This research is on the attitude of female mass communication students towards journalism as a career(a study of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka). The researcher in this research work focused on the attitude of female mass communication believed that a large number of female mass communication students wants to choose journalism as a career in our country but only a few go into the field to practice their journalism profession. This is why the research dimmed it fit to research into the image of female mass communication students. Research questions are constructed to guide the researcher in her study. Relevant related literatures are reviewed to show that similar research work has been carried out and a theoretical framework has been discussed to support the study. Survey method was adopted and this made it possible for the researcher to select an appropriate sample size of 150. Using appropriate tools like questionnaires and personal interviews, the researcher was able to study population and adopted a simple percentage and frequency table with simple descriptive analysis to explain the table. Hypothesis which are formed from the research questions and tested to enable the researcher know if certain claims she made on this work received statistical support or not. At the end of the study, the researcher was able to find out that female mass communication students have negative attitude towards journalism as a career, also that the female roles as mothers and wives are some of this problem facing female journalists. The researcher also recommended that salaries of the working journalist should be increased so as to motivate and change the negative attitude of female mass communication students towards journalism as a career. | ABSTRACT
This research is on the impact of Television advertisement of Always on consumers choice of sanitary towel (A study of federal polytechnic Oko). This study is designed to find out how the consumers of this product react to the television advertisement of Always whether it affects their choice of sanitary towel. The presumption of the research was that television advertisement affects this consumers choice of sanitary towel greatly because of its uniqueness of combing sight and sound as well as demonstration. But the researcher base was on the staff and students of federal polytechnic Oko Orumba North L.G.A. the intention was to find out what extent does television advertisement influences them to change their buying decision, it has been observed that students have time to watch television adverts and filter media message to the best of their knowledge. Therefore, this study found out whether they are unfounded or bases on facts. | |
| Content | Abstract
This research is on Influence of photographs on newspaper readers in Owerri north local government area of Imo state. A photograph is said to communicate more than one thousand words and therefore, it plays a crucial role in drawing the attention of readers to the most prominent news and issues especially when used in the newspaper. The primary objective of the research was to examine the influence of photographs on newspaper readers. Survey research method was used alongside the use of questionnaire to elicit responses from some readers in Owerri North L.G.A Imo State who were purposively selected. Also, the data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency percentage tables). From the findings, 215 submitted that they recall news accompanied by photograph than news without photograph. They also said the newspaper Industry cannot succeed without photography because about 313 (80%) said photographs communicate lots of messages to them. They added the photographs capture and retain their attention to a higher extent. Photojournalists are expected to be the eye of the newspaper everywhere and every time by taken the most appropriate photo. Photojournalism should be taught separately in higher institution just like many institutions have separated marketing public relations and advertising to enable students to have broad knowledge of what the work is and the challenges ahead of them while photojournalists should be trained and retrained to meet up with the digital photo-technology. | | This study is aimed at finding the Effect of Television Commercials on the Buying Habits of people in Enugu metropolis: A study of Omo and Elephant Blue Detergents. The study made use of survey (sampling) method of social scientific research which involves interviews using structured questionnaire. The sample size of 200 people was draw from different parts of Enugu metropolis. In distributing the questionnaire the researcher considered the respondent?s income level education level and ensured that they had television sets in their homes. In order to get a true reflection of the study group. Five hypotheses were formulated and addressed. The hypotheses validated or invalidated by the data presented and analyzed shows that television commercials affects the buying habits of Enugu metropolis people who are exposed to blue detergents? commercials tend to accept (buy) Omo blue detergent more than other brands and brand loyalty to blue detergents is not habitual rather it is influenced by commercials. | CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKAROUND OF THE STUDY
This research is on the attitude of female mass communication students towards journalism as a career(a study of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka). Journalism the work of collection, preparation and distribution of related commentary and feature materials through such media as pamphlets, news letter, magazines, radio, motion pictures, television, the internet and books.
The earliest known journalists product was a news sheet in ancient Rome called the ACTA DIURNA published daily from 59BC, it was hung in prominent places and recorded important social and political events.
Journalism in the 2oth was marketed by a growing sense of professionalism. In our society today it has been observed that female mass communication students have negative attitude towards taking journalism as a career. This negative attitude is highly reflected in the number of mass media houses.
Almost all institution of higher learning in nigeria offer mass communication courses leading to the award of various degrees and certificates, including National Diploma, Higher National Diploma, Bachelor and masters degrees.
The increase in the number of female graduates from all these institution are not reflected in the media of communication in the country. Each year, hundreds of female students graduates as mass communications. A close look show that the number of female journalist students surpassed the number of males. But in the field today, a good number of those female graduates are not seen working in the various media houses scattered over the country.
Reference to the convocation booklets from these schools revealed that a good number of female mass communication students graduated from these schools. In the year 1997, about 150 female journalist graduated from federal polytechnic oko. The Ogun state polytechnic in the year turned out about 86 female journalist students, institute of management and technology (IMT) Enugu had about 140 female graduates. Bida polytechnic had about 26 female graduates from the department of mass communication.
In July 1996, the Ogun state polytechnic turned out 146 female student journalists in both OND and HND levels, the institute of management and technology (IMT) Enugu turned out about 120 female student graduates in both ND and HND levels ( 1996 convocation list/booklets).
Similarly with other mass communication schools in the country for instance, in 1995, the convocation booklets of the University of Nigerian Nsukka, revealed that 45 female students graduated from the department of mass communication. In the year 2008, Nnamdi Azikiwe University (NAU) Awka turned out about 58 female graduates from the department of mass communication. Between the year 2008 and 2009, caritas university Enugu graduated over 50 female journalists.
Presently, in my class in the department of mass communication the number of female students surpassed the number of female students in the mass communication with a great difference.
In recent years, media houses in the western countries lack trained female journalist in the various communication activities. Invariably it has been the same in Nigerian and this could be seen in most cases of the media houses in Nigerian. There has been an imbalance in the number of female, female and trained journalists working with them.
Those who are worried about this situation said that there were more women than men seeking jobs in the media houses and they all have the same ability and background, more men get the jobs. ( women in communication pg 8) she noted that women could only be awarded a job if they are hard working and qualified they must be awarded or offered a job in the journalism profession.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
This study was undertaken because of the low participation of female mass communication students towards practicing journalism as their career. Despite the fact that there is considerably good number of trained female journalists, very few of them are working with media houses in Nigerian
A large number of female journalists are produced from different institutions offering mass communication, but female participation in the profession is very negligible.
According to Omenugha (2004:4) one thing that is glaring in the Nigerian media is the near absence of Nigerian women as makers. Though Nigerian is developing, it has gotten to a stage where the female journalist and their male counterparts should be competing in the media houses.
The number of female journalists in the field is very few compared to the number that graduated from journalism schools and universities. The female tend to run away from practicing journalism. Women journalists are not often seen as lectures neither to women help in the development and promotion of the profession unlike in other professions where the female and male compete and seek superiority over each other.
This dormant attitude of female towards the profession has resulted to the male claiming superiority over them in the field and as such not portraying a good image of women in the society. This is because most men in the society believe that journalism exposes the practitioners makes the female counterparts loose their dignity.
Many female journalists who work in the media sometimes do not show keen interest in their job. This affects the female practitioners as the male practitioners always tend to over shadow them both in position and in interest to work.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Because of the way the image of women in our society are been portrayed when it comes to them practicing journalism as their profession, the study is therefore aimed at finding out the attitudes of female mass communication students towards journalism as a career.
This study therefore tends to look into the image of women in the media and more also find out why there has been is imbalance in the ratio of working male and female journalist.
This research work will also help to reveal why there is sharp contrast from the number of female journalists that graduate from journalism schools and the number in the field.
Finally, this research work helps to give suggestion based on findings.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study is very important because a lot of people are marveled over the issues of why female mass communication student do not make up journalism as a career after studies. It has really agitated the minds of some professionals and has equally created a lot of controversies.
The researcher, therefore, has deemed it fit out the reasons for such negative attitude of female mass communication students towards journalism.
Journalism as the researcher could understand is very controversial and need to live on mere assumption. This study therefore provided are me for an in-dept study on the controversial issue of knowing the militant against the idea of female mass communication student going into journalism as career, how do these female students see. The practicing journalism, do they go into the study with intention of practicing journalism or taking it up just as a career?
The researcher also observed that female journalist do not only disengage in the practice of journalist but also do not contribute in the development and achievement of journalism schools.
According to Okunna (1990) in most schools in Nigerian, women are not often seen as lectures both at universities and polytechnics.
They do not involve in the teaching of mass communication courses. Women prefer working in other fields to the career of journalism.
The study will serve as a resource material for program design and implementation in the effort concerning women in development and to students who wish to study journalism. It will be a useful reading and references, materials.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. Do female mass communication students have negative attitude towards journalism as a career?
2. Is there any discrimination against the women journalists?
3. Are female journalists shy of caring out their study?
4. Are there wrong impressions about female journalists
5. Does the roles of women as mothers and wives contribute to the problems facing female journalists
1.6 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
Based on the research questions, the following hypothesis are derived:
HI: Female mass communication students have negative attitude towards journalism as a career
HO: Female mass communication students do not have negative attitude journalism career
HYPOTHESIS II
HI: There is discrimination against the female journalists
HO: There is no discrimination against the female journalists
HYPOTHESIS III
HI: Female journalists are shy of carrying out their duty
HO: Female journalists are not shy of carrying out their duty.
HYPOTHESIS IV
HI: There are wrong impressions about the female journalists
HO: There are no wrong impressions about the female journalists
HYPOTHESIS V
Hi: Female roles as mother and wives are some of the problems faced by female journalist
Ho: Female roles as mothers and wives are not some of the problems of female journalist.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
STUDY: This is an act of setting ones mind to acquiring knowledge and understanding, through reading, research etc.
ATTITUDE: This is a way of thinking or the character which someone exhibits towards something or somebody
FEMALE: This is a particular sex or gender of a primate (Human beings) that can give birth to children.
MASS: A large number of people or things grouped together.
COMMUNICATION: The process of expressing, or passing ideas, feelings, or information from one person to another, or to a group of people.
STUDENTS: These are people who are studying in one school in order to acquire knowledge.
TOWARDS: This can be said to be the direction of or close to something or somebody.
JOURNALISM: This is the work of collecting and publishing of news stories and articles in Newspapers and magazines or broadcasting them on radio and Television to inform the general public on things happening in the world.
CAREER: This is particular job or the type of job one do in order to earn a living.
1.8 ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDY
A good number of professional have already made similar studies of women images on the media and their attitude towards journalism.
In this study, the researcher raised a number of assumptions. She assumes that he attitude of the female mass communication students towards journalism as their career is very poor. She equally assumed that the way image of the women are being portrayed in the society as journalist have created an imbalance in the ration of working male journalists to their female counterparts.
In essence, the researcher has deemed it fit to concentrate more on Nigeria female journalist and the issues that affect them as working journalists.
1.9 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Scope of the study refers to the general outline of what the study is all about.
There is nothing that man does that can be said to be exclusive because human efforts are always limited by one thing or the other. This study is based on the attitudes of female mass communication students towards journalism as a career.
Also the study is limited to Nnamdi Azikiwe state. It would have augured well to study the entire higher institution in Nigeria but due to limited time frame that would not be possible and beside unavailability of fund and the demand for other academic work made this study to particularize its sample on one section on Anambra.
1.10 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The research has decided to limit this study to the students of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra.
It was therefore limited to find out only the attitude of female mass communication students towards journalism as a career, including the attitude of others towards female journalist.
The ideal situation would have been to study a much wider area and a larger number of female student journalists, and practicing women journalist to enhance the reliability of the data and to make generalization more appropriate. But due to financial constraint, it was limited to the school mentioned above. | CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Advertising can be defined as any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, gods and services by an indentified sponsor.
Television Advertisement can be defined as the demonstration of products on usual form. It is a known fact that sanitary towel products are numerous and at a point in time it will be of interest to the public to know the impact of television Advertisement especially Always which is daily advertised on NTA television. This study gives account of how consumers of Always react after watching the advert of Always.
Television Advertisement permits our ladily lives. It has come to be credited by most people as being the savior of certain companies at the state time, the execution of others sometimes, people view it positively and other times, they curse it, some of it are said to inform, persuade or entertain while deceive or insult. These characteristics make it incumbent on any marketer wishing to sell goods to properly create and maintain a market product. A product can be ideally projected and yet fail to achieve desired success by not winning customers acceptance for the following reasons:
i. When the product cannot be obtained conveniently
ii. When the potential customers are not acquainted with the benefit of the product.
iii. When the marketers could not convince the customers that their need for the product.
A marketer in this situation tries to find some means of communicating effectively with potential customers for the dual purpose of acquainting them with the characteristics possessed by the product and informing them as the subject of advertising which is most accessible means employed by marketers to present promotional messages.
According to American impact Association. Advertising is any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods and services by an identified sponsor.
It is in this view that an attempt is being made to ascertain properly the impact advertising plays on the consumers choice of sanitary towel with special reference to Always.
Television is the fastest growing mass medium. However, the most important of all is the distinct advantage that television can convey as both eyes and ears. The impact is enormous as a matter of fact, in winker et al in their book advertising uphold their views in their own words.
As significant advert medium Television is about Forty five years old, but it has proven itself capable of reaching and holding large audience comprising simultaneously many different demographic groups winker et al in a book captioned marketing and the function of Advertising with it ported that commercial television became a powerful and intense medium immediately and developed into pre-eminent advertising medium for many classes of fast moving packaged goods.
He further states that:
Television provides the most significant way in which at one or time. A product stormy can be presented in the most drastic way or television with the aid of live performance and appropriate settings. It has a fat acting medium specifically for a new product or an already well known products.
The impact of television adverts is further made clear and manifest in the role it has assumed in some other areas politics and election.
Precisely, with television, you have at your command both sight and sound, with bonus of movement. These qualities make television very powerful. The development of commercial television in 1955 served as an ample opportunity in Britain for the first time: the ability to go right into various homes of their prospect consumers and demonstrate their products with all the persuasive of door to door sale man.
Therefore, the reaction of the audience towards television advertisement is the frame work of the project.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY.
Sanitary napkins is a relatively new business for P & a, but it already is an important business, and future is bright .Larry Dare of the operation committee, June 1990. Always began in the test market in Minneapolis, Minnesota in January,1983 at that time 3pads types were introduced maxi pads, mini pads, and pant liners. The ongoing market share objective was 25% share; year 1 was 18.9%.
The target audience was women 12-49. Test market results indicated Always could achieve a 22.5% going share nationally.
Competition at the time was intense Johnson and John was the market leader. Competitive response included new products line extensions, product improvements and heavy competitive promotional spending. Always also spentvery heavily at the time consumer awareness of the product was low; consumer who tied Always liked it, except for the size of the pad.
By 1984, Always was in national distribution at the time there were 4pads types; maxi pads, mini pads, then mini pads and pant liners. National expansion results were mixed: market share was 14.8% is the 16% objective. Key issues included in market distribution and out of shock problems to meet the original 22.5% objectives. Additionally, awareness among pad using women was 82% compared to test market at 80%. Television advertising started 7/2/84 and sample were mailed including a coupon.
Always pricing objective was to maintain an average retail price equal to key competitors this was the same as the test market strategy to introduce Always at partly carload pricing (per cartons & per pads) vs j && stay free care free brands. At the time Always was the only brand with both a regular and attain maxi pad.
In 1986, Always plus was introduced into the U.S presenting the first line of feminine hygiene pads with panty protectors on the side, referred to as wings the wings wrap around the panty to offer additional protection on the side were leakage is most often likely to occur.
In 1991, Always ultra was introduced onto the U.S market the ultra pad in corporate a novel super sober technology for feminine hygiene protection. In Europe, the general expansion of the full Always product line, including Always ultra and pant liners also began.
Always was available throughout Europe and a number in the middle East.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE STUDY
The right marketing mix is applied in any product by ensuring that wastage (cost) is reduced and optional sales volume achieved. Besides, the role of advertising which is a key to promotional strategy as far as consumers goods are concerned must be a accomplished in the case of Always in federal polytechnic Oko.
It is quite understandable that consumers have absolute control over what products or services to show interest in but most times consumers tend to be influenced by advertisements. It is therefore pertinent to find out the variables that determine why a particular product or service gain more patronage than others in the same category and sometimes serving the same purpose.
As a result, many newly manufacturing companies cannot afford the cost of advertisement or electronic media and this result to only local means of letting people know about their goods.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This project is geared towards identifying it television advertisements have any impact on consumers choice of sanitary towel with special reference/ emphasis on Always at federal polytechnic Oko.
The objectives of this study therefore include:
1.To determine the impact of television advertisement on the consumers choice of sanitary towel in federal polytechnic Oko.
2. The impact of television in dissemination of information on the sale of Always
3. To ascertain other sources of information available to the consumer.
4. To find out other factors that may influence consumers choice.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Basically, this research would be useful considering the benefits derivable from this study such benefit are, knowledge acquired by the researcher, relevant information to advertisers of different products which would guide them in their management decision making and on the field of mass communication in which advertising is an integral part.
However, the significance of television adverts in developing economy life, ours cannot be emphasized. Hence advertising stimulates through and actions on enterprise society and so help to monitor productive efforts by management labour.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The study which aimed at finding out the impact of television advert on consumers choice of sanitary towel with special emphasis on Always in federal polytechnic Oko would be wise if the following pertinent questions are asked;
i. What determines the impact of television advertisement on the consumers choice of sanitary towel in federal polytechnic Oko?
ii. What is the impact of television in dissemination of information on the sale of Always?
iii. What ascertains other sources of information available to the consumer?
iv. What helps in finding out factors that may influence consumers choice?
1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY
Due to the fact that sanitary towel have numerous products, this study is limited only on Always.
This study looked into the impact created of consumers which has increased hither to rich patronage of Always
Therefore, whatever information gathered is to be based on the response of the consumers on what the researcher observed from them.
1.7 LIMITATION OF STUDY
Despite the fact that the researcher employed all human and material efforts to see that the study is successful, yet there were constraints. The variables are so difficult to determine and qualify- one cannot easily quantify the impact of television advert just like tangible things which can be easily determined and quantify. It is surprising to observe that some people both literate and illiterate are yet to fully understand the real purpose of a research, while some bluntly refused to accept the questionnaire distributed to them some claimed that they do not have time to provide the necessary information required from them, some even requested for money before they can accept questionnaire.
Some respondents made among entries thereby making it difficult for the researcher to gather reliable information on the topic under study.
No doubt, all these made the research come a little bit short of what was intended earlier on as the case maybe, the study has provided as basis of which educated judgment can operate.
Finally, the researchers coming after are hereby adviced to start from where this work ended.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
ADVERTISER: This refers to one who spend money for advertisement. He advertises his products, goods and services.
CONSUMER: This refers to one who buys a product for use.
APPEAL: The motive to create interest for a particular product or service.
CHIOCE: The ability of a consumer to think and conclude to patronize a product.
BRAND LOYALTY: The ability of a consumer to stick to a particular brand of product in the face of alternatives.
BRAND: It is the identifying mark of any product.
TELEVISION: The process of transmitting a view of events, adverts, plays etc while these are taking place or films or tapes on which records have been made.
ADVERTISING: It is any paid form of non-personal an identified sponsor.
IMPACT: The degree to which media message affect the behavior of the audience.
PERSUASION: Getting somebody to do what one wants by pleading or urging. | The study ?The Impact of mobile phone on Agricultural Information among Otukpo Farmers?. A study of Agric information dissemination among Otukpo farmer, Otukpo Local Government Area. Using a survey of five villages in Otukpo town, Otukpo Local Government Area of Benue State the researcher found that Otukpo farmers has adopted the impact of mobile phones in getting agric information due to the benefits derives from it such as enabling verification/discussion with chief farmers and extension workers facilitating communication and saves transportation cost institution relationship with agricultural extension officers helps to obtain information on price of goods and services. This research also finds that the following problems are associated with the use of mobile phones - poor network services high charges network congestion power failure and reduction interconnectivity. The study is anchored on the diffusion of innovation theory which excludes that mobile phone have generally improved farmers in the farming system. It recommends that Nigeria communications commission should set a standard for the mobile phone operators in Nigeria with regards to signal strength power failure and reduction interconnectivity. The study is anchored on the diffusion of innovation theory which excludes that mobile phone have generally improved farmers in the farming system. It recommends that Nigeria communications commission should set a standard for the mobile phone operators in Nigeria with regards to signal strength successful recharge and balance inquiry call centre operations and call success rate to improve services. This study recommends that the chairman of Otukpo local government area should provide frequent power supply for the Otukpo town also the extension workers should pay serious attention to the information needs of the farmers |
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