| Description | | CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
This research is on Effect of television viewing on the moral behavior of Nigerian children: (a study of Gaius Benton schools). Television is a sight and sound medium through which messages and information ideas are communicated to a wide range of audience.
Television viewing is a common activity engaged in by children, especially in this era of proliferation of television as a medium for communication.
To this end, television messages are broadcast for certain purposes, this implies that television through it’s programmers’ has certain influence on individuals as including children.
This chapter presents an overview of television and a brief history of television. It also encapsulates the statement of problem of this research work, the objective of this study, significance and the scope of study, research question as well as operational definition of certain terms.
Television has made tremendous impact on Nigeria society and in the world at large. It possesses immense power to influence the viewer and sharpen his sensitivity in all spheres of life. Various theories have been propounded by different scholars, some of which support the fact that the media possess immense power in influencing the viewer, while others have consistently countered the notion.
Television as one of the world’s most amazing inventions has come to stay and has over the years been a veritable channel for communication in the world.
The effects of television on adults can be significant but its influence in children goes much deeper. The increasing rate of immoralities in the society today among youths can be easily attributed to inventions of technologies like television, internet, films and motion pictures by an average Nigerian.
This study therefore is an examines the influence television viewing exacts on Nigerian children. Gaius Benton schools; cut across all sections of children from nursery, primary to secondary school.
It x-rays how the moral behavior of children can be affected by television viewing which can be positive or negative.
Television is viewed in almost every home by people of all ages, the senile, parents, youths, children even infants.
The intensity of viewing by children and the extended periods of time over which they view television raises concern for their moral development.
The world today is said to be a global village thus issues, events and experiences going on in one part of the world can be seen instantly by people in other parts. People have more information about what is going on in world’s events than any other generation in human history.
Television over the years has played a pivotal role in the lives of individuals particularly children. The rapid growth of television after the World War II brought entertainment and information into the homes of many.
Large space communication was achieved in 1962 when a space probe radioed data, was moved back to the earth as it speed past the planet venues. The satellite made possible the broadcast over television between Europe and the United States of America and today, the rest of the world.
Cable television arrived in the 1970’s to most areas of the United States and now, to other parts of the world”. Akpan (2002, p.19) the use of television was expanded by the use of home videos and dick system.
Television uses a person-to-person communication gestures, facial expression to effect communication to it’s audience.
Television as a broadcast medium has its main functions of information, education and entertainment on a wide range of subjects. An average child has access to but a small part of such information but it’s influence cannot be over emphasized for a look they say is worth more than a thousand words.
Television programmes may contain historical, scientific social, religious, economic and other matters. Those programmes when viewed especially by children broaden their cosmological perspectives thereby giving them better insight into happenings around him.
Television has served as a viable tool for instruction on religions matters. It has also served in experimental purposes. When properly used, quality television introduces children to a world beyond their classroom and motivate them to learn. Because children relate easily to television as a medium they are familiar with, they are more apt to absorb the material they learn from it.
The amount of television programmes watched by children has caused considerable concern for parents and educators alike. It is thought that children remain glued to the television set for long periods of time, viewing unsuitable programmes which a=mat adversely affect not only their cognitive but emotional development. No doubt, children are susceptible to the images which they see on the television. This therefore stress the fact that immoral programmes can to a large extent affect the morality of children all over the country and the would at large.
Communication through the television can be referred to as purposive because the information disseminated are meant to affect the audience positively or negatively. That is, it has a variety of consequences which may be direct or indirect.
Such effects or consequences include such factors as emotional response, attitudinal shift or changes in a child’s view of the world after exposure to certain kinds of media.
Children have the capacity to give themselves over completely to the world created by pictorial media (television). Such intense involvement often leads to storing emotional response and to a large extent affect the moral behaviour of children.
1.2 Statement of Problem
Many people think that television viewing does not have lasting positive or negative effect on children. Studies have shown through analysis of the effects of television programmes over the years that the effects of television viewing on children is great.
This study seeks to find out the degree or extent to which the children of Gaius Benton schools have been affected by television viewing and to establish if there are programmes on television that can enhance or mar the moral behavior of the children match.
There have been cases where children fold papers and light them up with attempts to practice cigarette smoking, having watched the action on the screen of television.
The kinds of clothing children see on television seems to shape their demands on parents who purchase clothes for their children, especially at festive periods. All these acts and more are caused as a result of visuals on the screen of television.
1.3 Objectives of Study
The major objective of this study is to determine the impact of television viewing on the moral behaviour of Nigerian children.
- To examine the benefits derived by children from television viewing.
- To determine the negative as well as the positive affects of television on the lives of Nigerian children.
- To determine how the effects affect other members of the family and the Nigerian society at large.
- To encourage television stations to promote generally acceptable social values and norms, foster the spirit of self discipline and generally accepted moral standards through the programmes watched by children.
1.4 Significance of Study
This study is immensely important especially to Nigerian parents because it will help to inform them on the effects of television on the moral behavior of their children as it will help them determine what programmes to expose their children to.
This study will serve as a means of future research for media researchers, scholars and students.
It will also help media ie television stations know the right type of programmes to air for children consumption so as to build morals and not kill morals in children.
1.5 Research Questions
The researcher of this work has prepared certain questions to help in the course of his study.
- Do children derive benefit from television viewing?
- Does it have positive or negative effect on the moral life of the children?
- How does this affect other members of the family and the society at large?
- Can television programmes maintain standards that can ensure acceptable moral behavior of children?
1.6 Scope of the Study
This study covers the effect of television viewing on the moral behavior of Nigerian children. Gains Benton Schools as a representation of children of all ages serves as the case study of this research work.
Although, the main function of television as a sight and sound medium is to inform, entertain and educate its audience. This study will reveal the extent it does these with respect to the effects of viewing habit of children of Gains Benton Schools where the work is countered.
This research work is based on a sample of children between the ages of two (2) to eighteen (18) years of age (Nursery to secondary school age).
1.7 Limitation of Study
The greatest limitation to this study is time factor. There is limited time for the researcher to explore the topic.
Secondly, some of the children are too small and can neither read no write or even respond to questions through interview. Also, some of the respondents, students/pupils are too naive as they feel that the questions will be used against them.
Finally, financial constraint is another set back encountered by the researcher.
1.8 Operational Definition of Terms
The contextual definition of certain terms are considered important on this study by the research.
Television: Television is an electronic device that utilizes motion pictures, sound and light in disseminating information to a wide and diversified audience to create an effect. Television is the medium that possess credibility audio visual qualities and can be utilized in virtually development communication (Nwosu, 2005, p.164).
Moral: The word moral comes from a Latin word “Moralis” which means custom or manner (Okunna, 2003, p.1). Morals are principles and beliefs concerning right and wrong behavior.
Effect: This means a cause, a result or an outcome. It is a change produced by an action.
behavior: This means the way a child acts or function.
Children: This is the plural of the noun child. A child is a young person (a boy or a girl) within pre primary, primary and post primary school age, (2 – 18 years). | ABSTRACT
This research is on Impact of modern office equipment’s on secretarial staff in NNPC Enugu depot. To achieve this purpose some research questions were raised and a review of related literature was made. The survey research design was adopted in this study. The population of the study includes workers, and management of NNPC Enugu depot. A sample of 150 respondents and random sampling technique was used in selecting the workers in a particular unit of the organization. Data for the study were obtained from both the primary and secondary source. Personal interview was also employed to confirm the responses. The data generated from this study were analyzed using simple percentage, table rating scales and mean scores. The major findings showed that the modern office equipment's contribute immensely to the success of business organizations like NNPC Enugu depot. Based on these findings, the researcher recommended: Acquiring of standby generating sets, provision of spare parts and qualified staff to facilitate productivity in the organization.
? | | ABSTRACT
This study focused on Òmodern office equipments and their contributions to the success of a business organization (a case study o f NNPC Enugu) to achieve this purpose some research questions were raised and a review of related literature was made. The survey research design was adopted in this study. The population of the study includes workers, and management of NNPC Enugu depot. A sample of 150 respondents and random sampling technique was used in selecting the workers in a particular unit of the organization. Data for the study were obtained from both the primary and secondary source. Personal interview was also employed to confirm the responses. The data generated from this study were analyzed using simple percentage, table rating scales and mean scores. The major findings showed that the modern office equipments contribute immensely to the success of business organizations like NNPC Enugu depot. Based on these findings, the researcher recommended: Acquiring of standby generating sets, provision of spare parts and qualified staff to facilitate productivity in the organization. | |
| Content | CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
This research is on Relevance of information and communications technology towards the upliftment of an organization. The world of business is changing rapidly as a result of technological development. This is very wide departure from the traditional business enterprises to the evolution of international and multinational organizations in Nigeria economy. Some of these establishments have acquired and installed modern communications equipment.
Thus, information technology and an ultimate fully electronic office is fast becoming a reality. In effect, information and communication technology pose a lot challenges to office employees. The impact of technological improvement in the office demands that the development of a successful secretarial career today depends of upon the secretary to acquire information and communication technology (ICT) based skills and expertise as well skills required for each category of staff.
Technology changes in our environment coupled with competition within a particular industry or in the society account for the reason why secretaries should engage in training and development to meet up with the challenges. This is as a result of the need to match changes in structure, policies, technology, processes and producers with the needed performance, attitude and behaviors. This study will provide a sight into the present day technological realities in and office and how a secretary could fit into it.
1.1 Statement of the Problem
Inspite of the local government development in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) the third world countries , including Nigeria, are yet to harness the technology to its fullest capacity in view of this research work will focus on to case study in Ibadan North Local Government and industry both tub lie? What role does it entail to require on information unit. Also the source processing to information in local government finally what effect does it have in management decision making.
1.2 Objectives of the Study
The case study of Ibadan North East Local Government is for the following objectives.
- To find out how relevant Information and Communication, Technology is to Ibadan North Local Government.
- To find out about the value, qualities and properties of ICT towards the achievement of Ibadan North East Local Government.
- Also we intend to look on Information Communication Technology (ICT) will help of Local Government to achieve their corporate objective.
1.3 Research Question Hypothesis
- What is information unit processing Case study of Ibadan North East Local Government?
- Identify properties of information in unit.
- What are the benefits derived from effecting and efficient management information unit?
- Com ICT improvement the profitability of Local Government?
- What are the sources of information unit?
1.4 Significance of the Study
The successfully completion of this project will enable for the Local Government and the corporate word to have the predictor of ICT i.e. Information Communication Technology in Ibadan North East Local Government performance its use fullness to local government world will be tremendous and a use fullness toll for corporate decision marker increase of strategic planning and ICT application.
1.5 Scope of the Study
The study shall examine what relevant information and communication technology has in store its local government for chairman especially local government parishioners and other areas of ICT application. This study has be constructed by time resources and problem of current date.
1.6 Limitation of the Study
During the processing of the research, the researchers faced some limitation such as: local government which constitute the population sample did not take questionnaire seriously like the local government to support in terms of the historical background done to the occupy only in their business not when the importance was spell out lence more time than scheduled was used on its local government.
1.7 Operational Definitions of Terms
Information communication technology is technology that supports involving the creation storage, manipulation and communication of information, together with the recated methods, management and application properties of information this refers to the determinate usefulness of information like information presentation.
1.8 Historical Background of the Cash Study of Ibadan North East Local Government
Overview of past administration
At the inception of the local government in 1991 a civil servant now a retired permanent secretary Alhaji Bashiru Adesola Akinola was appointed as the first sole administrator to administer the local government he was in the saddle until the local government election was held under the two-party system that featured the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and the National Republican Convention (NRC). The election saw that emergence of Chief Jacob Akinyemi as the culture and tourism.
The local government is inhabited predominantly by the Yoruba?s who cohabit peacefully with other ethnic groups. This is evident in the substantial number of people from other parts of the country who reside and trade in the local government.
Tourist attractions include a good number of decent hotels recreation center and traditional markets the Akeu water spring project situated at Oke Offa, Babasale is another tourist centre supported by the Ibadan sustainable project (ISP) and UNICEF. The broadcasting corporation of Oyo state
(BCOS) also located at Bashorun to is within the territory of the local government area.
The executive council includes:
1. Chairman
2. Vice chairman
3. Secretary to the local government
4. Supervisors
The legislative council includes
1. Leader
2. Deputy leader
3. Chief whip
4. Minority leader
5. Other councilors
Preface
Jacob Akinyemi as the essentially this book provides information about the local government to assist research students, pressman and the general public who are interested in having informed knowledge about the local government historical background geography, social culture and economic potentials.
It also incorporated the indelible foot prints of the forward looking administration ably led by Hon. Olugbenga Ayinde Aewusi that has brought monumental transformation to the local government. It however, should be noted that it was not possible to capture all the major landmarks of the admistration in view of the tempo and with ease development projects were executed day by day what we have attempted to capture, for record purposes, represent the reality at the time we want to press when the administration was thirty months old.
Meanwhile credits have to be given to Elder K. O Oyerinde, the director of personnel management for painstakingly smoothen the rough edges of this book in manuscripts and the invaluable contributions of the other staff of the information unit.
We own much gratitude to the measurement to have graciously approved this publication which we hope will be of immense value to the people of the government and the general public.
Femi Ogundipe
Head of Information Unit
General information
Primary schools within the Ibadan north east local Government
1. H.L.A Primary School 1 Agodi, Ibadan
2. H.L.A Primary School II Agodi, Ibadan
3. H.L.A Primary School for the handicapped
4. I.M.G Primary School Agodi, Ibadan
5. I.M.G Primary School I Agodi, Ibadan
6. Methodist Primary School Agodi, Ibadan
7. Methodist Primary School I Agodi, Ibadan
8. S.D.A Primary School I Agodi, Ibadan
9. S.D.A Primary School II Agodi Ibadan
Agugu Zone
10. Christ the King Primary School Agodi, Ibadan
11. I.M.G Primary School I Agodi, Ibadan
12. Community School Akinyele, Ibadan
13. I.M.G Primary School I Agugu, Ibadan
14. I.M.G Primary School I Agugu, Ibadan
15. I.M.G Primary School II Agugu, Ibadan
16. Islamic Primary School I Agugu, Ibadan
17. Islamic Primary School II Agugu, Ibadan
18. Mufutau Lanihun Primary School Ibadan.
Aremo Zone
19. Lanon Okusehinde Memorial School I Aremo, Ibadan
20. Lanon Okusehinde Memorial School II Aremo, Ibadan
21. C&S Primary School I Ode-Aje Ibadan
22. F.O.A Primary School I Ode-Aje Ibadan
23. F.O.A Primary School II Ode-Aje Ibadan
24. H.L.A Primary School I Aremo, Ibadan
The Administrative Of Hon.Olugbenga Ayinde Adewusi Profile
Hon. Gbenga Ayinde Adewusi was born in Ibadan on 7th May 1962. He began his education career as a pupil in St. Paul?s Anglican Primary School Yemetu Ibadan between 1971 and 1976. He attended the community modern school, Erunmu between 1977 and 1980 Adekile Goodwill Grammar School Ibadan between 1981 and 1982 and Ansar-Un-Deen Teachers College Ota between 1983 and 1986; it was at the early stage of his education that his interest in sports developed. Hence, he proceeded to the University of Lagos where he obtained a diploma in physical and health education in 1992.
A hardworking and very energetic young man, Hon Olugbenga Adewusi worked in the following places from 1982 to 2003 they are:
Obasanjo Farms Nigeria Ltd (1982-1983).
Farmgate Hotel Complex (1988-1996).
The Bells comprehensive Secondary School (1996-1999).
The presidency (1992-2003)
Prior to his election as the executive chairman he serve as the chairman of the interim management committee of the local government which was put in place after the expiration of the tenure of the defunct administration his outstanding performance during the interim appointed was unprecedented in the history of the administration of the local government for well over forty projects were executed within the short period of the interim administration. | ABSTRACT
This research is on Effect of television viewing on the moral behavior of Nigerian children: (a study of Gaius Benton schools). The deterioration of the moral life of children who grow into youthful age and then into adulthood in the face of immoralities has become an issue which needs urgent action in today’s Nigerian society. This can be attributed to a lot of reasons but the mass media with us Persuasive messages cannot be exonerated. Television being a viable medium of the mass media stands at the fore in shaping the attitudes of children. This research work has therefore made a good attempt at unrevealing the various effects of television programmes on Nigerian children using Gaius Benton schools as a pivot. In this regards, a historical background of events owing to this study and analysis of findings and recommendations are duly presented. It is found in this research work that television programmes affect children’s moral behavior both positively and negatively depending on the moral standards of the programme. The appraised and critical examination of issues are the mainstay of this research work thus, if the recommendation are heeded it will help in enforcing and maintaining good, upright and acceptable moral behavior in Nigerian children. | CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
This research is on Impact of modern office equipment’s on secretarial staff in NNPC Enugu depot. The use of modern office equipment is inevitable to offices in this modern era- until the 15th century. Before the advent of typewriters, publication of business documents was a difficult job and bored mostly to secretaries because everything has to be handwritten.
With time and technological growth, business organizations witnessed information overload due to over increasing commercial transactions. Business therefore, needs technology to turn out words effectively, efficiently and continuously.
These days, the world of work is changing fast, as we approach the new millennium modern equipment are fast replacing manual machines in the workplace, computer automated machines have gradually taken the work of men. With the level of sophistication and cut throat competition in our society, nobody is resting on their oars in the new technological age.
Before now, most employers of labour needed all kinds of categories of workers. Some were trained on the job, while others came as experts. In the factories, people were employed in their thousands to do all kinds of jobs. Production machines, acquired long age, took time to warm up for use while workers took their turn in churning out the large number of workforce.
Most management, employers of labour are of the view that the introduction of high technology to the workplace has made the work easier, faster, saves time and cost, especially on overhead, better than employing a multitude with no result.
Again, with the introduction of new technologies, business men have been saved from carrying huge sums of money all over the place, the advent of electronic fund transfer is a pointer to this topic.
The use of internet, E-mail, pagers, digitized telephone services, mobile phones, answering machines have made the job of executive, top managers less cumbersome and communication gap has been bridged with the popularization of these gadgets. Business and transactions can be discussed through these services.
Even in terms of society for the workplace it is common feature in some big organization to mount circuit television, to monitor movement of people. Big time executive also use close circuit television to wade off intruders and those they do not want to see, with this, productivity is thus enhanced.
BRIEF HISTORY OF NIGERIAN NATIONAL PETROLEUM CORPORATION (NNPC) ENUGU DEPOT
NNPC (Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation) depot Enugu is located at Emene in Enugu East local government of Enugu state. Commissioned on 25th August, 1979 by the military Administration of the then Anambra state Col. D.S Abubakar.
It has a total capacity of 12 million liters of petroleum products. It has only three by products in stock which include Premium Motor Sprit (PMS) otherwise called petrol, Dual Purpose Kerosene (DPK) and Automobile Gas Oil (AGO) ago or diesel for onward distribution to her customers the oil marketing companies.
Enugu depot has a total number of six departments namely: Administrative, sales, security, accounts operation and safely departments with a total workforce of 250 workers. Each department is managed by the head of such department who equally reports to the depot manager who is the overall boss.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
In a developing country like Nigeria, the use of modern office equipment in the office is still minimal because they lack the technical know how to put the one their disposal to good use. Lack of stilled manpower to update and maintain already acquired machines. Besides, constant power failure from the public electricity supply has not helped matters in any way.
More over, some office worker especially secretaries sees the technological improvement as a challenge and also as threat to their job. These problems and anxiety in the minds of office workers, is likely to lead to a drastic reduction in production in most office.
Finally, this situation calls for serious policies by management dealing with the problem, which psychologically destroys the mental and emotional state of workers.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
For every act, there must be a reason and in light of this, the purposes of this study are:
1. To discover what office equipment is all about.
2. To identify the contributions of modern office equipment on the success of business organization.
3. To examine the training needed for the operation of these office equipment.
4. To identify how to maintain them in the office.
To discover the problems associated with the use of these equipment's.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The significance of this study modern office equipment's and their contributions to the success of a business organization, a case study of NNPC Enugu depot is that it will create awareness as well provide information on the roles these modern office equipment plays in seeing that NNPC Enugu depot achieve their goals and also meet up the standard. It is also recommended to the society in general and whosoever wishes to achieve efficiency on prudent.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION
1. What is office equipment all about?
2. Do these modern office equipment's actually have any contribution on the success of business organization?
3. Do the operation of these modern equipment's need any training program?
4. Do these modern office equipment's require proper maintenance?
5. Is there any problem associated with the use of these modern equipment's?
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The researcher is concerned with the contributions of modern office equipment's to the success of business organization with particular reference to Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) Enugu depot in Enugu east local government area in Enugu state.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
- Office: it is a place /room /building where clerical duties are carried out.
- Modern: involving up-to-date techniques or equipment. it is also refers as most recent or current
- Equipment: the tools / items needed for a particular purpose. In order words, it also means things that are needed to carry out work / job in the office; it could be electrical or manual.
- Researcher: person that carry out the piece of work.
- Accuracy: error free presentation.
- Machine: a device with an electrical power attached to it used in office production.
- Crude/Manual: equipment that require physical exertion of energy to operate.
- Efficiency: prompt delivering of jobs.
- Business: knowledge of commercial procedures i.e. buying and selling.
- Operation: the manner in which business is carried out.
- Production: output, increase in manpower.
- NNPC: Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation.
| CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
In recent times, there is the observation that males are dropping out of secretarial profession. A critical look at this statement reveals that the secretarial profession is being dominated by females in recent years. The sole aim of every organization is its survival and continuous profitability. As a result of this, employers of labor are making conscious efforts to ensure that organization chavel high caliber of employees who will contribute vigorously to the achievement of the organizational goals and those that are portray good image of the organization. Considering numerous and sensitive nature of secretarial profession, there is need for balanced labor force to save the employers from the problem of whom to employ and whom not to employ. In the past, secretarial profession was perceived to be for females only and that males who engage in it do so as a last resort. Some have impression that secretaries are females who took down notes and correspondence like shorthand and transcribe on the typewriter for male executives or managers. A female manager organize and run small offices for their male employers, they carry out all office jobs ranging from hiring junior staff keeping cash book and arranging for the day- to- day office routines. They are also regarded as a mediator between the channel of communication between their employers and the rest of the staff with constant demand on their ability. Furthermore, they are expected to tactful, loyal, efficient and discrete and maintain confidentiality. They are expected to put in all their energies and enthusiasm to their employer?s interest, protecting him from undesirable demand and interruptions. This assumption about secretaries in the past as ?female who run office for male employers or boss? is not the case these days. Recent analysis has shown that the advancement of Office Technology and Management profession was expanded and this is becoming more complex and challenging the roles of secretaries have increased tremendously to include other functions which are of great importance to any organization these made it possible for male to engage in the profession not as a last resort once more. At least in out of five secretaries two are males.
National Secretarial Association of the United State of America defines a secretary as an executive assistance, posing a good mastery of office skills and ability to assume responsibilities without direct supervision, display initiative exercises judgment and make decision within the scope of his/her authority.
Harding (1988) went further to define a secretary as ?one who provides a full range of management support which calls upon in a variety of skills and abilities that would certainly not be prerequisite office staff generally?. In these definitions, we see that secretary is an important officer in any establishment his works has even become more technical especially the advent of computers and other machines
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Today, it is observe that many employers, of labor prefer female secretaries to their male counterparts, reason for this have not been attributed to the non- performance of male secretaries but as a result of the fault that female secretaries are more useful in other areas than official duties. Also, male secretaries are perceived to be more assertive than female secretaries and such formed opinion that they will not be submissive to contributed authorities. The issue of down-turn in male students enrolment in secretarial studies department is reaching an alarming properties as industries employ more female secretaries this among others problems gave rise to this topic generally, the problem include that?.
1. It is not known whether parents no longer afford to support their male children financially once they got close to adulthood.
2. It is today a saying that male are becoming impatient with the unemployment status of the male graduates in the society. This gives us a serious concern.
3. We do not know why employers of labor prefer female secretaries to their male counterparts.
4. Some argue that the pronoun ?she? used to mean every category of secretarial profession is meant for females, the male students might be therefore feeling that there is no future to look forward to in the profession.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The major purpose of this study is to investigate the factors responsible for down-turn in male student?s enrolment in Office Technology and Management department especially the study seeks to
1. To find out the causes of decline in male student?s enrolment in Office Technology band Management Department.
2. To ascertain the altitude of male towards Office Technology and Management program.
3. To determine if the image of technology and management studies is poor in the society.
4. To identify if male secretarial students graduate do not secure employment easily.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The significance of this study cannot be over emphasized, the study can be parameter to check the incessant exist of male student?s enrolment from Office Technology and Management Studies.
1 The studies will re- awake interest of male students? enrolment in the study of Office Technology and Management Studies.
2 The study will proffer solution on how to tackle the imbalance supply of quality secretarial staff for our industrial growth particularly now that secretarial functions are very challenging.
3 Furthermore, the outcome of this study will serve as reference for students of Office Technology and Management Studies and lecturers who wish to gain more knowledge on this subjects.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1 What are the sources of down-turn in male student?s enrolment in Office Technology and Management studies Department?
2 To what extent is the image of secretarial studies poor in the society?
3 What are the altitudes of males towards Office Technology and Management studies programme?
4 To what extent do male secretarial graduate secure employment?
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study of the down-turn in male students? enrollment in Office Technology and Management studies department is such that would have taken the researcher too many higher institutions and some organizations but as a result of financial constants. | CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The use of modern office equipment is inevitable to offices in this modern era- until the 15th century before the advent of typewriters, publication of business documents was a difficult job and bored mostly to secretaries because everything has to be handwritten.
With time and technological growth, business organizations witnessed information overload due to over increasing commercial transactions. Business therefore, needs technology to turn out words effectively, efficiently and continuously.
These days, the world of work is changing fast, as we approach the new millennium modern equipment are fast replacing manual machines in the workplace, computer automated machines have gradually taken the work of men. With the level of sophistication and cut throat competition in our society, nobody is resting on their oars in the new technological age.
Before now, most employers of labour needed all kinds of categories of workers. Some were trained on the job, while others came as experts. In the factories, people were employed in their thousands to do all kinds of jobs. Production machines, acquired long age, took time to warm up for use while workers took their turn in churning out the large number of workforce.
Most management, employers of labour are of the view that the introduction of high technology to the workplace has made the work easier, faster, saves time and cost, especially on overhead, better than employing a multitude with no result.
Again, with the introduction of new technologies, business men have been saved from carrying huge sums of money all over the place, the advent of electronic fund transfer is a pointer to this topic.
The use of internet, E-mail, pagers, digitized telephone services, mobile phones, answering machines have made the job of executive, top managers less cumbersome and communication gap has been bridged with the popularization of these gadgets. Business and transactions can be discussed through these services.
Even in terms of society for the workplace it is common feature in some big organization to mount circuit television, to monitor movement of people. Big time executive also use close circuit television to wade off intruders and those they donÕt want to see, with this, productivity is thus enhanced.
Brief History of Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) Enugu Depot
NNPC (Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation) depot Enugu is located at Emene `in Enugu East local government of Enugu state. Commissioned on 25th August, 1979 by the military Administration of the then Anambra state Col. D.S Abubakar.
It has a total capacity of 12 million liters of petroleum products. It has only three by products in stock which include Premium Motor Sprit (PMS) otherwise called petrol, Dual Purpose Kerosene (DPK) and Automobile Gas Oil (AGO) ago or diesel for onward distribution to her customers the oil marketing companies.
Enugu depot has a total number of six departments namely: Administrative, sales, security, accounts operation and safely departments with a total workforce of 250 workers. Each department is managed by the head of such department who equally reports to the depot manager who is the overall boss.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
In a developing country like Nigeria, the use of modern office equipment in the office is still minimal because they lack the technical know how to put the one their disposal to good use. Lack of stilled manpower to update and maintain already acquired machines. Besides, constant power failure from the public electricity supply has not helped matters in any way.
More over, some office worker especially secretaries sees the technological improvement as a challenge and also as threat to their job. These problems and anxiety in the minds of office workers, is likely to lead to a drastic reduction in production in most office.
Finally, this situation calls for serious policies by management dealing with the problem, which psychologically destroys the mental and emotional state of workers.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
For every act, there must be a reason and in light of this, the purposes of this study are:
1. To discover what office equipment is all about.
2. To identify the contributions of modern office equipment on the success of business organization.
3. To examine the training needed for the operation of these office equipments.
4. To identify how to maintain them in the office.
5. To discover the problems associated with the use of these equipments.
1.4 Research Question
1. What is office equipment all about?
2. Do these modern office equipments actually have any contribution on the success of business organization?
3. Do the operation of these modern equipments need any training program?
4. Do these modern office equipments require proper maintence?
5. Is there any problem associated with the use of these modern equipments?
1.5 Significance of the Study
The significance of this study Òmodern office equipments and their contributions to the success of a business organization, a case study of NNPC Enugu depotÓ is that it will create awareness as well provide information on the roles these modern office equipment plays in seeing that NNPC Enugu depot achieve their goals and also meet up the standard. It is also recommended to the society in general and whosoever wishes to achieve efficiency on prudent.
1.6 Scope of the Study
The researcher is concerned with the contributions of modern office equipments to the success of business organization with particular reference to Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) Enugu depot in Enugu east local government area in Enugu state.
1.7 Definition of Terms
? Office: it is a place /room /building where clerical duties are carried out.
? Modern: involving up-to-date techniques or equipment. it is also refers as most recent or current
? Equipment: the tools / items needed for a particular purpose. In order words, it also means things that are needed to carry out work / job in the office; it could be electrical or manual.
? Researcher: person that carry out the piece of work.
? Accuracy: error free presentation.
? Machine: a device with an electrical power attached to it used in office production.
? Crude/Manual: equipment that require physical exertion of energy to operate.
? Efficiency: prompt delivering of jobs.
? Business: knowledge of commercial procedures i.e. buying and selling.
? Operation: the manner in which business is carried out.
? Production: output, increase in manpower.
? NNPC: Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation
?
CHAPTE | CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
This project intends to deal exhaustively with secretaries effectively in proper office equipment utilization using Odu?a investment company limited, Ibadan as a case study.
The project contained the motive of manpower performance in an organization.
The project will also emphasize certain essential machine viz typewriter, copying machine, addressing machine, dictating machine, adding and calculating machine, transcription and laminating machine, accounting machine, telephone and computer.
There is some obvious factor which should be put into consideration when buying office tools in an organization.
The factors are;
1. Capital outlay: an obvious factor when buying any tools.
2. Durability: fairly used are not preferable.
3. Design: size of the top height and number of drawer must be suitable for the purpose.
4. Comfort of the workers: a height level of comfort means that work is likely to be performed with less distraction.
5. Saving space: some office tools have built in units which can save walking about by the clerks and thus save time.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
It is the intention of this research study to examine the objective of ?office equipment utilization toward effective secretarial practice?. Also to know the proper definition of tools and how employee could be affected.
In this study all these tools will be absolutely defined in suitable manners.
1. Typewriter
2. Dictating machine
3. Addressing machine
4. Copying machine
5. Adding and calculating machine
6. Accounting machine
7. Laminating machine
8. Transcription
9. Telephones
10. Computer
1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The contribution of secretaries? office equipment utilization toward effective secretarial practice and advancement cannot be emphasized. It is to build a solid foundation for man power performance for the organization.
It has been observed over the year that secretaries? office equipment utilization towards effectiveness of secretarial practice for running of an organization has not been encouragement. It is therefore, pertinent to critically examine the tools for man power performance in an organization.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION
1. What are the factor affecting the secretaries in an organization?
2. What are the factor affecting manpower performances?
3. What are the contributions of the organization to the secretary performance?
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The importance of this study is based on secretary and office machine. How employees could be affected of secretarial practice in office equipment utilization. Also to know the real and proper definition of a secretary and advantages and disadvantages of office tools. After some investigation this project will state in details how employee can use office tool in developing their skills.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study is limited to the Ibarapa Polytechnic Eruwa. It emphasized only secretaries and their tools being used for effectiveness.
1.7 OPERATIONAL DEFINATION OF TERMS
Secretary: Secretary is a person who works in an office and deal with letter and telephone cal, typing keeping records, arranging meeting with people e.t.c.
Central processing unit (C.P.U): The C.P.U in a computer controls all the activities of the computer system. It has two major components which are: the processor and the primary memory.
1.8 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Odu?a Investment Company limited was incorporated in July 1976 to take over the business interest of the former western state of Nigeria, now Oyo, Ogun, Ondo, Osun and Ekiti States of the federal Republic of Nigeria. The company commenced business in the 1st of October, 1976. ODU?A INVESTMENT COMPANY LIMITED since inception has been operating as a conglomerate with over 70% of her business as investment/joint ventures with reputable multinationals. |
