| Content | RESIDENTIAL BUILDING COLLAPSE IN NIGERIA: CAUSES, EFFECTS AND SOLUTIONS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Since independence, the Nigeria government has desperately continued to make concerted effort in the area of quantitative (but not qualitative) supply of mass housing through huge budgetary and policy provisions but, surprisingly, the rate at which existing ones are collapsing calls for an urgent attention. The site of building collapse scattered across the length and breadth of Nigeria is quite alarming that it is unimaginable what effects it will have on the building industry and Nigeria economy as a whole. One could imagine what edifices these buildings would have been if only they were constructed accordingly. It has been reported that Nigeria, especially Lagos State has become the “world’s junk-yard” of collapsed buildings worth billions of naira (Famoroti, 2005). It is quite unimaginable that a county blessed with so great potentials in its construction industry can experience such magnitude of building collapse Fadamiro in 2002 defined building as “an enclosure for spaces designed for specific use, meant to control local climate, distribute services and evacuate waste”. Buildings can be defined as structural entities capable of securing self by transmitting weights to the ground. More so, buildings are defined “as structures for human activities, which must be safe for the occupants”(Odulami, 2002). However, these same buildings have been posing treats and dangers to people either during or after construction as a result of its collapse. Collapse as a whole occurs when part or whole body of a structure fails and suddenly gives way, the structure, as a result of this failure, could not meet the purpose for which it was meant for. Building collapse is an extreme case of building failure. It means the super-structure crashes down totally or partially (Arilesere, 2002). Building failure occurs when there is a defect in one or more elements of the building caused by inability of the material making up the components of such building elements to perform its original function effectively, which may finally lead to building collapse. Buildings are meant to provide conveniences and shelter to the people, but the same building has been a danger trap to the same people. Building is expected to meet certain basic requirements such as buildability, design performance, cost effectiveness, quality, safety and timely completion (Olusola, Atta & Ayangade, 2002). Generally, buildings are expected to be elegant and functional but many projects are constructed that do not meet any of these basic requirements. The recurring incidence of building collapse, some of which claimed innocent lives is a consequence of this. Many studies has been carried out and various workshops organized in major cities of the country by various bodies, government agencies and institution in order to look into causes of the incidence of building collapse in Nigeria, but none has been able to come out with how each of the determined factors directly lead to building collapse in the country. There are many factors that cause building collapse in Nigeria and they are structural design and quality management according to Olusola (2002).The quality management entails material variability, testing variability, judgment factor, contractors’ variability, poorly skilled workmen and unprofessional conduct. The study aimed at examining the cases of residential building collapse in Nigeria with a view of identifying the causes, effect and solution.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Building collapse is a defect or imperfection, deficiency or fault in a building element or component. It may also be as a result of omission of performance. The degree of building collapse can therefore be related to the extent or degree of deviation of a building from the “as – built” state which is in most cases represent the acceptable standard within the neighborhood, locality, state or country. (Ikpo, 1998). However, building collapse can simply be defined as a total or partial/progressive failure of one or more components of a building leading to the inability of the building to perform its principal function of comfort, satisfaction, safety and stability. The incessant buildings collapse in Nigeria has become a great concern to all the stakeholders – the professionals in building industry, government, private developers, clients and users, as well as the neighborhood residents. Fall out of the researcher’s concern about the increasing incidents of collapse building nation-wide form the basis for this study to find out the major causes, effects and probable remedial measures to collapse of buildings in Nigeria.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The following are the objectives of this study:
1. To examine the causes of building collapse in Nigeria.
2. To identify the effects of building collapse in Nigeria.
3. To identify the remedial measures or approaches to building collapse in Nigeria
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. What are the causes of building collapse in Nigeria?
2. What are the effects of building collapse in Nigeria?
3. What are the remedial measures or approaches to building collapse in Nigeria?
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The following are the significance of this study:
1. The outcome of this study will educate the general public and the government of the day on the causes, effect and solutions to the cases of building collapse in Nigeria.
2. This research will also serve as a resource base to other scholars and researchers interested in carrying out further research in this field subsequently, if applied will go to an extent to provide new explanation to the topic
1.7 SCOPE/LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This study on residential building collapse in Nigeria with careful examination of the causes and the effects with a view of finding a lasting solution to the issue of incessant building collapse in Nigeria.
LIMITATION OF STUDY
Financial constraint- Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
Time constraint- The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work.
REFERENCES
Arilesere, D. (2000). The role of professionals in averting building collapse. Proceedings of a workshop on Building collapse: Causes, prevention and remedies(pp. 60-68). The Nigerian Institute of Building, Lagos State.
Fadamiro, J.A. (2002). An assessment of building regulations and standards and the implication for building collapse in Nigeria. In D.R. Ogunsemi (Ed.), Building Collapse: Causes, prevention and remedies (pp. 28-39). The Nigerian Institute of Building, Ondo State.
Famoroti, F. (2006, March 30). Before the next building collapse. The Punch (p. 9)
Ikpo, I. J. (1998). Application of the Weibull Distribution Technique in the Prediction of the Times between Failures (MTBF) of Building Components, Nigerian Journal of Construction Technology and Management, Vol. 1, No 1, P. 79 – 87
Odulami, A.A. (2002). Building materials specification and enforcement on site. InD.R. Ogunsemi (Ed.), Building Collapse: Causes, prevention and remedies (pp. 22-27). The Nigerian Institute of Building, Ondo State
Olusola, K.O. (2002). Structural stability of building structures. In D.R. Ogunsemi(Ed.), Building Collapse: Causes, prevention and remedies (pp. 50-73). The Nigerian Institute of Building, Ondo State.
Olusola, K.O., Ata, O. & Ayangade, J.A.(2002). Quality and Structural Strength of sandcrete Blocks produced in Ile-Ife: A preliminary Investigation. Journal of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure,1 (1&2):136-142 | DESIGN OF A GUEST HOUSE
ABSTRACT
For the fact that there are human activities and social functions that always take place within Enugu capital, there is need to establish a hospitality institutions, for instance Guest House. This project aims at proffering solution to the establishment of Guest House. In order to achieve this, some research work was carried out. The research work is aimed at realizing a good architectural design for a Guest House. The work comprises of five chapters. Chapter one is the introduction, chapter two deals on the related literature and history of a Guest House in Enugu. While chapter three deals on method of research and case study while carrying out the design. Chapter four discusses the plan guide (tools that will guide in the actual design of the Guest House. Finally, chapter five summaries the result of the research work which forms the conclusions
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Significance of the study
1.3 Statement of the Architecture
1.4 Aims and Objectives
1.5 Scope and Definition
CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review
Brief History of the Evaluation of a Guest House
What is Guest House
Advantages of Having and improved Guest House
CHAPTER THREE
Methodologies of Research
Materials
Case Studies
Findings
CHAPTER FOUR
Consideration
Carrying Capacity
Building Orientation
Land Scaping
Drainage
Noise and Vibration
Lighting
Ventilation
Internal Circulation
External Circulation
Parking
Fire Safety
Security
Construction method and Materials
CHAPTER FIVE
Design Synthesis
Design Concept and Form
Proposed Facilities
Conclusion
References
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
A guest house (also guesthouse) is a kind of lodging. In some parts of the word a guest house is similar to a hostel, bed and breakfast, or inn whereas in other parts of the world (such as for example the Caribbean), guest houses are a type of inexpensive hotel like lodging. In still others, it is a private home which has been converted for the exclusive use of guest accommodation. The owners usually lives in an entirely separated area within the property and the guest house may serve as a form of lodging business.
In some areas of the world, guest houses are the only kind of accommodation available for visitors who have no local relatives to say with. Among the features which distinguish a guest house from a hotel, bed and breakfast, or inn is the lack of a full-time staff. Bed and breakfasts are usually family owned, with the family living on the premises. Hotels maintain a staff presence 24hours a day and 7days a week, whereas a guest house has a more limited staff presence. Because of limited staff presence, check in at a guest is often by appointment. An inn also usually has restaurant attached.
In Japan, tenants in a guest house have to pay a substantial damage deposit, and have to pay a cleaning fee when they leave.
1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF GUEST HOUSE
As a result of the activities that normally take place in Enugu capital, there is the need to provided hospitality facilities for travelers coming into the state.
It is the intention of this researcher to create awareness on the importance for developing a guest house in an area.
1. Provision of the facilities for transaction of business, for meeting and conference, for recreation and entertainment.
2. As an important employer of labour
3. Development of local economy of the area it is located due to being an attraction for visitors
1.3 STATEMENT OF THE ARCHITECTURAL PROBLEMS The research intends to proffer solution to the following problems:
- Lack of venues for the masses to hold their social functions.
- Lack of accommodations that have the qualities of a home
- The unavailability of standard facilities in Guest house found in Enugu.
- Irregularity in the classification of Guest house by average Nigeria.
1.4 AIMS AND OBJECTIVE
The aim of this project is to create a comfortable and appealing accommodation for guests. This is done through the provision of:-
- Basic standard facilities needed in Guest house.
- Environment that is conducive for the occupants.
- Individual requirement such as entertainment, exercise and relaxation.
1.5 SCOPE AND DEFINITION
The scope of this thesis is to focus on the main problematic aspects Guest House design. These are:
- The relationship between spaces.
- Circulation system. Moreover, it will not only throw light on these aspects but will also solve the problem of thermal comfort of the interiors through natural means.
In the research of this nature, the forms of handicaps that are encountered are:
- Unavailability of Relevant Information: Relevant information could not be obtained from relevant sources due to monetary reasons.
- Inaccessibility of Existing Guest House: Some of the visited refuse to give audience to the researcher due to security reasons.
- Financial Constraints to Carryout the research: For example, the money to browse through the website in order to get information was in short supply.
| INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT, REAL ESTATE AGENCY REBRANDING AND REVIEW OF NATIONAL HOUSING POLICY: THE ROAD MAP FOR RAPID ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
With a population of about 173 million people, Nigeria is the largest country in Africa and accounts for 47% of West Africa’s population. Given these large reserves of human and natural resources, the country has significant potential to build a prosperous economy characterized by rapid economic growth through real estate rebranding leading to infrastructural development that can significantly reduce poverty, inequality and improve standards of living of the population through better access to and quality of health care, education and infrastructure services (Falade, 2007).
One of the organization that has been promoting real estate agency rebranding in Nigeria is The Real Estate Developer’s Association of Nigeria (REDAN) which is the principal agency of the organized private sector recognized by government and approved by the Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria (FMBN) the apex mortgage lender in Nigeria to facilitate the delivery of affordable mass housing in Nigerians (REDAN, 2015).
Housing policy in Nigeria is as old as the history of the country. Thus, we can broadly categorize its historical development under the five distinct phases of the colonial period (before 1960), the post- independence period (1960-1979), the second civilian administration (1979-1983), the military era (1984-1999), and the post military era (1999 to date). The major characteristic of the colonial period was the provision of staff quarters for expatriates and other indigenous staff of parastatals and organizations. This era witnessed the creation of Urban Councils in 1946, the establishment of Lagos Executive Board (LEBD) in 1954, the formation of Nigerian Building Society in 1955, as well as the enactment of Regional Housing Corporation in 1959. Also, the post-independence period experienced some improvements in housing provision during the First National Development Plan period (1962-1968) and the second National Development Plan 1970-1974). Specifically, the formulation of the National Council on Housing in 1971 led to further improvement in housing delivery. The third National Development Plan (1975-1980) made further improvements on housing programmes, policies and The transformation of the Nigerian Building Society into Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria with the promulgation of Decree No 7 of 1977 also brought some improvements into housing delivery in Nigeria. The Land Use Decree (LUD) of 1978 was promulgated in order to guarantee access to land by all Nigerians. Before the promulgation of the LUD, dual land tenure structure was paramount in the country. The LUD came to stabilize the ownership and acquisition of land. Also, during the era, the constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (1979) laid emphasis on the importance of local building materials and the relevance of labour and construction industry. In this same year, the Employees Housing Scheme Decree No 54 of 1979 was promulgated.
This decree made provision for staff housing and housing estates. The housing policy in the 1980s and 1990s was the means by which divided society was being created. The rural areas were neglected and the housing stocks in the urban areas were improved upon. This was as a result of high rate of urbanization and the subsequent housing shortage in urban centres. The military era witnessed further improvements in housing policies and delivery. This was facilitated by the promulgation of the Mortgage Institutions Decree No 53 of 1989. The decree promoted the realization of the major and specific objectives of the National Housing Policy. Furthermore, the Economic Liberalization Policy of Babangida’s administration supported the participation of the private organization in housing delivery. This was closely followed by the promulgation of the Urban and Regional Planning Decree 88 of 1992 as well as the National Housing Fund (NHF) Decree No 3 of 1992. The NHF was saddled with the responsibility of ensuring continuous flow of fund for housing construction and delivery.
Prior to the millennium, the policy of ‘housing for all in year 2000’ was formulated. This policy was rigorously pursued, but it was besieged by administrative bottlenecks which made the policy difficult to be realized by the year 2000. Nevertheless, in year 2002, the Housing and Urban Development Policy was formulated. This policy was meant majorly to correct the inconsistencies of the Land Use Act as well as to allow land banking and ownership to operate in a free market economy. The post military era has been able to witness tremendous improvement in the Nigerian housing situation (Akeju, 2007). However, the federal government policy on monetization and privatization are negating the objectives of housing policies and progammes. Other constraints to housing development and delivery in Nigeria are poverty, high cost of building materials, inadequate financial instruments for mobilization of funds, short maturity preference of lending institution, high rate of rural-urban migration, as well as high rate of poverty (Kabir, 2004). Infrastructural development through mass housing delivery in Nigeria will significantly boost the economy of the nation.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Agbola (1998) noted that the effort of the government in terms of the formulation and implementation of the National Housing Policy is quite commendable. On the other hand, he opined that the efforts have not shown remarkable improvement in the status quosince many Nigerians are still homeless while up till this time, many are living in dingy and ramshackle structures. Another major criticism of the policy lies in the area of monitoring, evaluation and review. An housing policy is derived from laws, regulations and administrative practices that can aid the production and delivery of housing. However, the researcher is of the opinion that infrastructural development e.g. good housing can only be achieved through crops of professional real estate agents.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The following are the objectives of this study:
- To examine the level of infrastructural development in Nigeria.
- To determine if real estate agency rebranding can contribute to economic growth.
- To identify the effects of national housing policy on infrastructural development in Nigeria.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- What is the level of infrastructural development in Nigeria?
- Can real estate agency rebranding contribute to economic growth?
- What are the effects of national housing policy on infrastructural development in Nigeria?
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The following are the significance of this study:
- The outcome of this study will educate the professionals in building industry on how the rebranding of real estate agency and the national policy can enhance infrastructural development thereby contributing to the economic growth.
- This research will also serve as a resource base to other scholars and researchers interested in carrying out further research in this field subsequently, if applied will go to an extent to provide new explanation to the topic
1.7 SCOPE/LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This study on infrastructural development, real estate agency rebranding and review of nation housing policy as a road map to economic development will cover the level of housing and other infrastructural development in Nigeria. It will also cover how real estate agency rebranding can be used as a tool for economic growth.
LIMITATION OF STUDY
Financial constraint- Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
Time constraint- The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work. | CAUSES OF ROAD ACCIDENT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Road Accident
Road transport is a critical structure for economic development of a country. It influences the pace, structure and pattern of development. Nigeria has one of the largest road network in Africa. However, Road safety is an issue of national concern. Surge in population and motorization in the country along with expansion of road network contributes to the number of road accidents, injuries and fatalities.
Road accidents create negative impact on the economy, public health and the general welfare of the people. Road accidents are human tragedy involving tremendous human suffering in terms of premature deaths, injuries and loss of productivity, etc. It is heartening that for the first time in two consecutive years, i.e. 2012 and 2013, there was decline in number of road accidents, the number of persons killed and the number of persons injured in road accidents.
Road Accidents, deaths and injuries which occur each year need not happen. Significant reduction in accident rates is possible only by a wide variety of improvements in design of vehicles, operating environment and infrastructure, and enforcement of safety regulations and standards.
The current issue includes various dimensions and magnitude of road accidents in India and brings into focus the challenges relating to the prevention of road accidents and their impact. The data and analysis on road accidents contained in this volume would help to create awareness and assist in decision making in the area of road safety. I hope, the document would be useful for policy makers, academia, citizens, and civil society organizations working In areas that have an influence on road safety.
An accident, also known as an unintentional injury, is an undesirable incidental and unplanned event that could have been prevented had circumstances leading up to the accident been recognized, and acted upon, prior to its occurrence. Most scientists who study unintentional injury avoid using the term "accident" and focus on factors that increase risk of severe injury and that reduce injury incidence and severity (Robertson, 2015).
It is well known that traffic accidents are of high importance to the public health spectrum in the world. Moreover, in developing countries such as Nigeria, the mortality rates from road traffic accidents are rather high compared to other countries in this region. Media reports reveal that Nigeria's road accident's is very high, compared to other developing countries. In 2001, Nigeria was rated as the second highest road traffic accident prone nation among six West African countries, with 73 deaths per 1000 accidents. (Sarpong, 2011). | DISASTER MANAGEMENT CENTRE (A CASE STUDY PORT-HARCOURT)CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Background to the Study
1.2 Statement Of Architectural Problems
1.3 Motivation
1.4 Aims
1.5 Objectives
1.6 Scope Of Project
1.6.1 The Site
1.6.2 The Main Building
1.6.3 The Clinic
1.6.4 The Staff Accommodation
1.7 Project Justification
1.8 Definition Of Terms
1.9 Research Methodology
CHAPTER TWO
2.0. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. History of Disaster
2.2. The Origins of Disaster Management
2.3. History of Disaster Management in Nigeria
2.4. Disaster
2.4.1 Types of Disaster
2.4.2 Implications of Disasters on Our Region and Environment --
2.5 Disaster Management Cycle ---
2.6 Technical Information
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 CASE STUDY
3.1 CASE STUDY ONE
Enugu State Fire Service Station
3.1.1 Location
3.1.2 Client
3.1.3 Architect
3.1.4 Brief History
3.1.5 Functions
3.1.6 Mode Of Operation
3.1.7 Challenges
3.1.8 Programme Element -
3.1.9 Planning Concept
3.1.10 Environmental Control
3.1.11 Services Needed
3.1.12 General Appraisal
3.1.13 Construction Materials
3.1.14 Merits
3.1.15 Demerits
3.1.16 Drawings
3.1.17 0rganisational Chart
3.2 CASE STUDY TWO
National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA)
3.2.1 Location
3.2.2 Programme Element
3.2.3 Merits
3.2.4 Demerits
3.2.5 Challenges
3.2.6 Possible Solutions
3.2.7 Organisational Chart
3.2.8 Drawings
3.3 CASE STUDY THREE
Disaster Management Centre For Ehlanzeni District Municipality, South Africa.
3.3.1 Location
3.3.2 Objectives
3.3.3 Program Element
3.3.4 Merits
3.3.5 Demerits
3.3.6 Drawings
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 PLANNING AND DESIGN REQUIREMENT
4.1 The Site
4.1.1 Geographical Location
4.1.2 Site Selection Criteria
4.1.2 Location Maps
4.2 Climate Of Port Harcourt, River State -
4.3 Planning Considerations
4.3.1 Access and Circulation
4.3.2 Gradient And Slope
4.3.3 Solar Radiation
4.3.4 Wind Direction
4.3.5 Noise
4.3.6 Orientation
4.3.7 Vegetation
4.4 Design Considerations
4.4.1 Technical Data
4.4.2 Spaces and Their Relationships
4.4.3 Materials for Construction
4.4.4 Aesthetics
4.4.5 Services
4.4.6 Lighting
4.4.7 Ventilation
4.4.8 Thermal Comfort
4.4.9 Fire Safety
4.5 Space Requirements
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 DESIGN SYNTHESIS
5.1 Planning And Design Philosophy
5.2 Design Concept
5.3 Concept Derivation
5.4 Form of the Building
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
"Disaster management" can be defined as the range of activities designed to maintain control over disaster and emergency situations and to provide a framework for helping at-risk persons to avoid or recover from the impact of the disaster. Disaster management deals with situations that occur prior to, during, and after the disaster. Globally, there has been lots of disaster on land, air and sea, though these disasters may be natural or man-made, it has however led to the destruction of lives and properties worth billions of Naira.
In Nigeria, there have been instance of earth tremors in Ogun state in 1994, several cases of flood has occurred in Nigeria, in July 2012, 363 people killed, over 2,100,000 displaced, Areas affected include, Adamawa, Taraba, Plateau, and Benue state. On 2nd July 2012, many Nigerian coastal and inland cities experienced heavy rains, and residents of Lagos state were "gasping for breath" due to the flooding. In addition, there was a gridlock on major roads, causing people to cancel or postpone appointments they may have had. Thousands of stranded commuters had to pay increased fares for the few bus drivers who were willing to risk travelling on the roads, and construction of work by the Nigerian government on the inner Oke-Afa Road took a "heavy toll." In mid-July 2012, flooding in the Ibadan metropolis caused some residents at Challenge, Oke-Ayo, and Eleyele to flee from their residences and save their lives. The flooding also prevented some Christians from attending churches in the morning, while a few bridges caved in. The Nigerian government said that certain structures on waterways had to be demolished as a result of the flooding, while Commissioner for Information and Orientation, Bosun Oladele, announced that there weren't any casualties from the flooding. Although, most of the disasters that Nigerians face are generally preventable, such as aircraft crash, boat mishap, floods, landslides, fire out breaks, oil spillage etc, can actually be prevented.
Disaster is an event, natural or man-made, sudden or progressive, which impacts with such severity that the affected community or individual has to respond by taking exceptional measures.
Disaster Management is the systematic observation and analysis of disasters to improve measures relating to prevention, mitigation, preparedness, emergency response and recovery. It is also the range of activities designed to maintain control over disaster and emergency situations and to provide a framework for helping at-risk persons to avoid or recover from the impact of the disaster and deals with situations that occur prior to, during, and after the disaster.
The term "Disaster Management" encompasses the complete realm of disaster-related activities. Traditionally people tend to think of disaster management only in terms of the post-disaster actions taken by relief and reconstruction officials; yet disaster management covers a much broader scope, and many modern disaster managers may find themselves far more involved in pre-disaster activities than in post-disaster response. This is because many persons who work in the development field, or who plan routine economic, urban, regional or agricultural development projects, have disaster management responsibilities. Disaster management also encompasses the field of emergency assistance and long-term maintenance for refugees and displaced persons. The refugee field of disaster management is highly specialized and requires not only many development skills but also a broader awareness of political, legal, and humanitarian issues.
The project is to design a Disaster Management Centre which will serve as a centre for the operational squad and aid for investigation, assistance and relief of people affected with disasters. The aim of this project is to provide disaster management knowledge and skills to enhance the understanding of good (and bad) disaster preparedness and response and their reasons for them. This project introduces the main principles of Disaster Management, with a focus on disaster response in the developing world.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
THE NEED FOR A DISASTER MANAGEMENT CENTRE
Disaster means a progressive or sudden, widespread or localised, natural or human caused occurrence which causes or threatens to cause; Death, injury or disease, Damage to property, infrastructure or the environment, Disruption of the life of a community; and is of the magnitude that exceeds the ability of those affected by the disaster to cope with its effect using only their own resources. A disaster management centre is needed to:
· To implement an integrated and coordinate disaster management policy that focuses on preventing or reducing the risk disasters, mitigating the severity of disasters, emergency preparedness, rapid and effective response to disasters and post disaster recovery.
· To prepare the document that will identify risks, assess risks, risk response development and risk response control.
· The purpose of centre is to outline policy and procedures for both proactive disaster prevention and the re-active disaster response and mitigation phases.
The disaster management centre functions are as follows:
· Must specialise in issues concerning disasters within Rivers State.
· Act as a repository and conduit for information concerning disasters.
· Must perform it functions and exercise powers as stipulated section 44 of the Disaster Management Act, 57 of 2002.
· Must liaise and co-ordinate its activities with those of National, State Management centres.
1.2 STATEMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL PROBLEMS
Architecture is an abstraction from nature and intuition with possibilities of aesthetic accompaniments for overall ambient satisfaction (Fashuyi, 2004). Nevertheless, this ideological perception must graft with sensitive issues bordering on culture, economy before Architecture can become acceptable in its right values. However, Architectural Education in Nigeria as presently structured is not responsive to her socio-economic environment. In fact, it is more suited to problems of urban environment of prosperous economies having nothing in common with the cultural and economic features of the country (Adesina, 1987). Architectural Education in Nigeria was inherited from the Beaux-Art concept of Western educational philosophy through the colonial mentors. This tendency is to provide aesthetically satisfying buildings, irrespective of function.
The design of the Disaster Management Centre will take into cognisance proper functional relationship between each section of the building to another; the site is located at an area that can be easily accessible from various parts of the state, helicopters are also available to ease rescue in parts of the states that cannot be easily assessable by land, the structure is responsive to the socio-economic environment in the state, the structure is aesthetically satisfying, the structure conforms to the building codes and zoning.
Therefore architectural problems of the Disaster Management Centre Are as follows:
· The integration of architectural purpose, site, suitable spaces, technical systems and materials.
· Inadequate ventilation and natural lightening
· Primary and secondary circulation in and around the site.
1.3 MOTIVATION
Disaster Management is an enormous task. Disasters are not confined to any particular location; neither do they disappear as quickly as they appear. Therefore, it is imperative that there is proper management to optimize efficiency of planning and response. Due to limited resources, collaborative efforts at the governmental, private and community levels are necessary. This level of collaboration requires a coordinated and organized effort to mitigate against, prepare for, respond to, and recover from emergencies and their effects in the shortest possible time.
The motivation of this project steams from:
· The absolute necessity for such a project: Over the years, lives have been lost in natural and man-made disaster primarily due to absence of a disaster management centre or slow response of rescue team.
· The wealth of knowledge, which the project adds to existing information on architectural building types.
· The sense of comfort and security inspired by the project, being from the riverine area in the Niger Delta region where the terrain is difficult and inter-city transport is mostly done by boat, the potential for boat mishaps is rather high.
· To reduce subsequent insurance claims and compensation on government and insurance companies.
· The passion to create an avenue that will aid for relief to all disaster victims.
· To create awareness for the need of disaster management.
1.4 AIMS
· To provide a facility that will improve response to disasters for an initial period after which other sources would assist.
· To reduce confusion on the part of all personnel concern in disasters.
· To enhance the role of rapid deployment of its personnel in response to emergency
· Preventing or reducing the risk of disasters and mitigating the severity or consequences of disasters
· A rapid and effective response to disasters and post- disaster recovery and rehabilitation.
· To ensure the survival of the maximum possible number of victims, keeping them in the best possible health in the circumstances.
· To re-establish self-sufficiency and essential services as quickly as possible for all population groups, with special attention to those whose needs are greatest: the most vulnerable and underprivileged.
· To repair or replace damaged infrastructure and regenerate viable economic activities. To do this in a manner that contributes to long-term development goals and reduces vulnerability to any future recurrence of potentially damaging hazards.
· In cases involving population displacements (due to any type of disaster) the aim is to find durable solutions as quickly as possible, while ensuring protection and assistance as necessary in the meantime.
1.5 OBJECTIVES
· To create a building for imparting training in disaster prevention, mitigation, preparedness, relief and rehabilitation and also to undertake research studies, documentation and development of database.
· Organize state and regional level conferences/workshops in disaster management and related subjects.
· To develop and encourage NGO's network in the state to manage disasters in the state.
· to reduce or avoid the human, physical, and economic losses suffered by individuals, by the society, and by the country at large
· To reduce personal suffering and to speed recovery.
1.10 SCOPE OF PROJECT:
This project provides, to a satisfactory level, all the facilities that are needed in the disaster management centre for optimum performance
to manage disaster. There are provisions for effective control, relief and rescue of disasters by mitigating, preparedness, response and recovery.
The scope of the project is limited to the following;
· The design of the Administrative building
· The clinic
· A staff residential building
· Hanger for helicopter
1.10.1 THE SITE:
This project involves the design of a Centre that aids for Disaster Management, thus, due to the amphibiotic nature of its function, the facility would require a site that enhances the marine and land base operation, and hence, it is located within the southern section of Port Harcourt. It can also be accessible through various pedestrian routes emanating from the neighbouring residential zones. This will be dutifully respected in the cause of designing.
The site is in close proximity to the State secretariat, the Nigerian marine base, Trans Amadi Industrial Layout, Orobum Vimmage (now called Obunabali). Ogbunabali bound the site on the East, the far North by Trans Amadi Industrial Layout, to the West by the Amadi flat and old GRA Residential Quarters and the South by Marine Base.
The exterior element in the site include
· Parking lots
· Sign post
| DELIVERY OF LOW INCOME HOUSING IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
The research is an assessment of the delivery of low income housing in Nigeria, it analyzes the prospect and challenges of delivery of low income housing in Nigeria and intends to proffer recommendations toward an efficient delivery of low income housing in Nigeria.
Residents of Jos Metropolis will be used as the case study for this research. |
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