| Content | CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Pidgin English came into existence as a result of the coming of the colonial masters to Africa, the highly respected philosophers said and I quote, No language is an Island meaning that language only came into existence through a pre existed one. Pidgin English came into existence through English Language.
The coming of the white men to Africa really changed a lot of cultures, languages, norm, ethnics and non ethics values etc in African. The language pidgin English started during the colonial era, then, it was very essential for them to understand the white mans language in order to be able to fit into the happening in the society.
Those days, if a black man manages to understand the white mans language, he is given a big post ahead his fellow black men for instance is the film titled The battle of Musanga, were the major character was Mr. Johnson because he understands the white mans language, he was kept ahead of his people as a mediator, intercessor and interpreter between the two recess, and with that, his financial income was somehow above that of his people only his extravagant way of spending made him broke always.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Cover page i
Title page ii
Approval page iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgement v
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 THE IMPORTANCE OF PIDGIN ENGLISH IN BROADCAST PRINT
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Assumption
1.3 Statement of research problem
1.4 Statement of research question
1.5 Objective of the study
1.6 Hypothesis
1.7 Scope of the stud
1.8 Limitation of the study
1.9 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources of literature
2.2 Review of literature
2.3 Important of pidgin English in broadcasting
2.4 Summary of literature review reference
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 Research method
3.2 Research design
3.3 Research sample
3.4 Data collection
3.5 Measuring instrument
3.6 Data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
Data analysis and results
4.1 Data analysis
4.2 Result of hypothesis test
4.3 Research discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations for further study
Reference
Bibliography
Questionnaires | CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The word ROLE according to the Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary is the function or position that somebody has or is expected to have in an organization, society or in a relationship. This will help in electing meaning to the role of Nigeria mass media in their anti-child trafficking and abuse campaign.
Harold lass well (1945) say; that the mass media performs three function viz; surveillance of the environment, correlation of parts of the society transmission of the social heritage from one generation to another, and Wright (1975) adds, fourth role as entertainment Okunna (1999, 274)child trafficking and abuse an emotional and contentious issue that has enormously eroded the societal values.
This in humanity of man to young persons has an age long history. In the last twelve years the crime has greatly increased as children are moss-led by deceit or forced to summit to servitude for economic purposes due to dissemination. This act is perpetrated both internally and externally, Nigeria happens to be one of the destination points for child abuse as the crime harming a child physically, sexually and emotionally. Maduewesi (1990) argues that there are no statistical records on how the media have churned out news on this menace. In the recent times, studies have shown that trafficking of children basically for house helps service is a global issue. Also Lutz (2002) affirms that house help in different places were largely young, single girls of age 14 years and above. Ti is consistent with the findings of Gidoy (2002) who reported a study of the 100 children sampled in EL salvader working in domestic services most of them were between 12 and 17 years of age.
Nevertheless, the medias role in creating awareness in child abuse and child trafficking by churning out programmes in a dramatized way, extensive reportage on child trafficking and abuse through films, print and broadcast media is a worth while venture. The mass media campaign coverage on information few people directly experience and unraveling happenings that relates to this scourge.
Therefore it is believed that the Nigerian mass media can through their campaign bring about a social change in child trafficking and abuse within Owerri municipality.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
I beat every sound minded Nigerians imagination why such act like child trafficking and abuse that is akin to slavery should continue after more than 200 years since slavery was stopped all over the world. Unfortunately, Nigeria has been indicted as a transit point irrespective of efforts of the media, government and non-governmental bodies towards finding a lasting solution to the change.
The exploitive and slave like conditions meted out on young persons under the age of seventeen is better described as cruelty to the Nigeria child. This indecent and ungodly act-should not strive. In Nigeria if the provision of the United Nation Conventions in 2000 and the Nigerian 1999 constitution is something to go by given the abuse emotional trauma and neglect the child in Nigeria undergoes, one can therefore agree that an average Nigerian is not much aware of the child right bill.
Several publication have been made by the Nigerian mass media concerning children that are continuously abuse and trafficked to foreign countries and within the nation in deceit for child labour, abuse and trafficking. Based on this premise, this research will further explain the danger the scourge portends and the need for all hands to be on deck for the mass media campaign on anti-child trafficking and abuse to be a success. Also we cannot continue to allow undesirable element to destroy the destinies of our children.
PURPOSE OF STUDY
The nefarious act of child abuse and trafficking is no longer news in the country. Also to say that Nigeria is a catchment ground and as well as dumping point for child traffickers can not in anyway raise eyebolt. No one can ever deny the fact that child abuse is on the increase in Nigeria. Based on these issues, government bodies and good spirited individuals are expected to take the bull by the horn to motivate, encourage and participate directly on the Nigerian mass media role in the anti0child abuse and trafficking campaigns.
Better still, the study calls for ways to address these under listed steps with a view to find lasting solution to this menace.
a) To look inwardly as to discover the things that has impeded the Nigerian mass media anti-child trafficking and abuse campaign.
b) To appreciate and explain the Nigerian mass media role in their anti child trafficking and abuse campaign as well as,
c) Identifying and addressing the root cause of the scourge.
d) The study should also ascertain the government and non-governmental bodies effort in this campaign.
e) And to suggest some other measures that would be of help to the media in their quest to eradicate the scourge.
f) To investigate the level of ignorance exhibited by some media claimants.
SIGNIFICANCES OF STUDY
The study tends to provide information on child trafficking and abuse in the country. Also the need to address the Nigerian mass media encumbrances in their bid to fight the menace.
The research will be of immense help to guardians, parents, and children the nation and the entire world. The causes and measures to tackle these mysterious vices will be treated.
The study will help people understand how ungodly the menace is and the bad image it has created to Nigerians especially at times like this when the country is leading a crusade on re-branding the image of the nation.
The work among other things will go a long way in protecting the destinies of our children and the research shall serve as a referential material to other researcher who would like to embark on similar research work in due course.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1) What are the mass media roles?
2) If given the enabling apparati, can the Nigeria mass media effectively carry out their anti-child abuse and trafficking campaign?
3) Have the Nigerian mass media live up to expectation so far?
4) What are the factors adversely impeding their effort in their anti-child abuse and traffic king campaign.
5) Which other relevant institution and people can be of immense help in this campaign by the Nigerian mass media.
DELIMITATIONS / LIMITATION
The study will be restricted to the role of Nigerian mass media in the anti-child abuse and trafficking campaign in Nigeria. The study is limited to Imo state alone due to financial and time constraints. At any rate, the problem encountered in the cause of this research is getting of reports and materials on the Nigeria trafficking and abuse campaign and how to source out other relevant data.
Be that as it may, the research was able to obtain material from the press, books, and internet and media outlets.
DEFINITION OF TERMS AND CONCEPT
ROLE: Function or part that one is expected to perform in an organization or society or in a relationship
MASS MEDIA: Sources of information and news such as newspaper, magazine, radio, television, internet, films that reach and influence the attitude and opinions of large people.
Anti: Something a person does not agree with or accept
Child Trafficking: The illegal sending away of children to foreign countries and within the country. Child abuse: It is a crime that harms a child in a physical, sexual or emotional way.
Campaign: A series of activities that is well articulated planned and organized to achieve or accomplish a particular goal. | CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Magazine is a package of news events written in analytical form. Because of the periodic nature of the magazine, information on day to day events are not emphasized, instead it concentrates on giving in0depth, focus, perspective, bearing explanation or interpretation of news, since it has more time and considers pace to dig or investigate and also research into issues and situations.
The magazine in any society occupies an indispensable position. The magazine has been described as a daily historic document. This is because it chronicles every significant issue or event happening within society. The magazine serves to check such exercises its report, of issues of the day. Thus, it is the most important source of reference for scholars, historians, sociologists, politicians and so on.
Magazine is a big industry. It is capital intensive and expensive. Its customer ship transverses its area of circulation, and it often loyal. From its advertises who ensure heavy revenue to the buyer who does same, it is all hopes of good income.
As a big industry, the magazine ensures employment opportunities, fulfills its obligations to its employee by paying salaries and Emoluments, helps in ensuring community development through provision of social and welfare amenities.
The magazine has provided excellent facilities for product promotion and advertisement. This is a most undeniable contribution ot product development. Advertisements of goods and services give us information on the merits and demerits of that product and help decide what is good for the individual. Apart form this, adverts helps develop healthy rivalry between manufacturers of similar goods.
Magazine has a vital importance in discovering areas of societal structural decay, lack of amenities like potable water, light, roads, medical and paramedical facilities. The magazine must then address these issues accordingly with a purpose of ameliorating the situation.
One things that will be a recurring decimal is that people have different views of reading magazines. That is to say, what is perceived is according to the perception of the perceiver which is another way of saying that people have reasons for choosing different media based on what they want to get form those media.
As Awodiya (1974) points out that most people read news magazines because of the durability of information gathered from them. Magazine offers the opportunity to read, re-read, discuss and debate on the information.
Macdugall (1984) believes that magazines are read by some people because hey take the readers behind the events of the days actions, relate the news to the readers, own frame work and experience, make sense out of the facts; put factual news in perspective, add meaning to the news and help point-out the significance of current events.
The above assumptions have made the researcher to find-out the magazine reading habits of students in the tertiary institution. This is the area of special interest in this project.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In Nigeria, the very first magazine was the SPEAR AND DRUM, but the very serious attempt to publish a magazine started with publication of Nigerian Magazine in 1963.
One major characteristic of magazine in Nigeria at that time was the very transience nature of their existence. For three years after Nigerian magazine emerged, West African reared its head for a short span of 12 months (January-December, 1966). A number of factors accoutered for West African demise, but paramount among them were finance and ravaging Nigerian Biafra Civil War at that time.
However, this magazine, after some serious re-organization four years after the war, resumed publication that lasted for eight years. That was the period between 1974 and 1982.
The plight of West Africa has been very similar to that of other Nigerian Magazines. Many of them often are off the streets, the very month they started.
Given this transience Magazine, there is no gain saying the fact that Nigerian magazine readers should now have a more steady Nigerian periodicals that are serious, objective, analytical, purposeful and enduring.
At least, one that could compete favourably with Newsketch, time etc. it was with this five need in Nigerian readers that the birth of Newswatch was created with such riotous joy and since then, some magazines in this same pedestal have emerged, these are This week African Guardian etc.
Since this study is focused towards finding out magazine reading habits of students in the institutions of higher learning, one question may manifest, what use of Nigerian under graduates make of the information gathered form the magazines?
In the study by Wilbur Schramm and David White in (1949:106), it was discovered that readers with low education attainment, sensational news and pictorials materials. They also found out that those at the top of education curve tend to use it less mainly for information and public affair.
Again, a similar study which proceeded that of Wilbur Schramm and David W, which was conducted by other communication experts, Paul Lazarfled and Patricia Kendall (1948:439) also discovered that readership of magazines increases with higher level and decline as level of education decline.
In the same note, Obiajulu Emejulu (2004), maintained other materials are routinely adapted to classroom and other educational purpose by resourceful teachers. This makes for diversity, creativity and fun in the classroom.
Our interest in students of tertiary institutions is not without convincing reasons. Studies have reverted that high propensity to read magazine is contingent on a persons educational background. We therefore, picked on Nigerian undergraduates believing that they constitute one of the higher educational groups in the country. This is based on the studies we have cited.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
1. Magazine credibility is likely to determine high readership among Nigerian undergraduates.
2. The need for information form magazine may positively or negatively determine high readership among Nigerian undergraduates.
3. The value of magazine may determine its vital source of information to Nigerian undergraduates.
4. Gender determines high readership of magazine among students in Nigeria.
5. year of study influences the high readership of magazine among students in high institutions in Nigeria.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The research is aimed at:
1. To find out the rate at which students in Nigeria higher institutions read magazine.
2. To examine the nature of news stories or features and articles they read and why they read them.
3. To examine to what extent information gathered form magazine is made useful by students of higher learning.
4. To obtain scientific information regarding the habits of magazine readership of Nigeria undergraduates.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
An effective magazine editor should have foresight to always meet its target audience. This study on media pattern in Nigeria has not been extensive as we think would have been adequate, instead an impediment to dissemination of information. It is of this reason I was motivated to carry out this research. This study will enable the editors to give insight into what their readers want to read. Again, this study is very important because it will help both editors and the media in general and for scholarship in communication.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The magazine reading habit is fairly wide in scope. However, in this study the researcher will only focus on the magazine reading habit of students in tertiary institution, using Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka as a case study.
1.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The following research questions are to be used.
1. Does magazine credibility determine high readership among students in the higher level in Nigeria?
2. Does the need for information determine high readership by Nigerian undergraduates?
3. Does vital source of information determine high readership of magazine by Nigerian students?
4. Does gender influence high readership of magazine among students in Nigeria?
5. Does the year of study influence the high readership of magazine among students in high institutions in Nigeria?
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE SUTDY
This research work was immensely constrained by the time scheduled based on other school engagements like magazine production and my final semester examination.
On a similar note, not all my respondents returned their questionnaires as at the time needed. So, many of the respondents shy away form the questionnaires.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION
1. Institution: A large important organization that has a particular purpose.
2. Magazine: Type of large book printed with a paper cover that you can buy weekly or monthly containing articles.
3. Periodical: A magazine published every week, month especially one that is concerned with an academic subject.
4. Audience: Group of people who gather to watch or listen to something like play, concert etc.
Operational Definition
1. Institution: This is the place where the research is carried out or the school I find my audience.
2. Magazine: Analytical book for the audience that disseminates day-to-day information.
3. Periodical: Publication intended for general audience at a given interval, weekly or monthly. | The study ?The Impact of mobile phone on Agricultural Information among Otukpo Farmers?. A study of Agric information dissemination among Otukpo farmer, Otukpo Local Government Area. Using a survey of five villages in Otukpo town, Otukpo Local Government Area of Benue State the researcher found that Otukpo farmers has adopted the impact of mobile phones in getting agric information due to the benefits derives from it such as enabling verification/discussion with chief farmers and extension workers facilitating communication and saves transportation cost institution relationship with agricultural extension officers helps to obtain information on price of goods and services. This research also finds that the following problems are associated with the use of mobile phones - poor network services high charges network congestion power failure and reduction interconnectivity. The study is anchored on the diffusion of innovation theory which excludes that mobile phone have generally improved farmers in the farming system. It recommends that Nigeria communications commission should set a standard for the mobile phone operators in Nigeria with regards to signal strength power failure and reduction interconnectivity. The study is anchored on the diffusion of innovation theory which excludes that mobile phone have generally improved farmers in the farming system. It recommends that Nigeria communications commission should set a standard for the mobile phone operators in Nigeria with regards to signal strength successful recharge and balance inquiry call centre operations and call success rate to improve services. This study recommends that the chairman of Otukpo local government area should provide frequent power supply for the Otukpo town also the extension workers should pay serious attention to the information needs of the farmers | CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
This study is on Police public relations as mechanism for improving police community (in Dunukofia local government area). It is most often agreed and rightly that community relations is an indispensable tool of every worthwhile organization.
Even more to bureaucratic and segmented organizations, public relations is vital to the overall success of any establishment within the community in which it serves and their programme can introduce a friendly atmosphere in a hitherto antagonist environment to such an extent that the organization and the community can work together as partners in progress.
Any establishment that is worthy of its name owes the community in which it operates and serves a responsibility and the community too owes the organization, if the two are to exist in a conducive atmosphere to solve their neutral problems and evolve a better community.
Good public Relations can serve an organization from liquidations in terms of crisis and poor public relations may result in the death of a hitherto healthy organization. Full information of police public relations in Dunikofia and its relations with the community can induce great regard organization firstly for its good work to the community and then for its success in business.
Once this favorable impression is not created in the minds of the people of the communities.
The reputation of the organization is bound to sour within that community. The measure of successful policy public relations will be indicated by the regard which people have for an organization i.e. regard based on their knowledge and understanding because an organization has been able to create a favorable image of itself within the community it serve.
1.2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Public relation practices is a phenomenon which is meant to use mutual understanding towards individuals ot organization and an organization like the police force to operate successfully in any community with its attendant, socio-cultural, economic, political and religious problems a necessity for such police organization and who should own polices.
On the other hand, a public relation is a deliberately planned and sustained effort which is geared towards maintaining mutual co-operation between organization and its policies. Every organization operates on a particular area, which it owes some social responsibility. If the organization comes out of its duties effectively the community it operates on, would resituate and when this happens, there is likely to be mutual understanding in them otherwise, hostility will flame up.
1.3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. To investigate the extent the public relations has improved the police community relations.
2. To determine how the services of police are understood and appreciated by the community it is being purported to serve.
3. To examine if the activities of the police accords with the provisions of the law establishing it.
4. To access the categories of officers qualified for the action.
1.4. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. To what extent do public relation improve the police community relations?
2. How far are the services of the police understood and appreciated by the community it is purported to serve?
3. Are the activities of the police agreeable, with the provision of the law establishing it?
4. What categories of officers is most guilty for this action?
1.5. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will aid to bridge the gap between contradictory position and practice of public relations.
Also, the public is always suspicious about police for their unbecoming service. It will help to create mutual understanding and relationship between the police and the public they offer service to.
In academic field, it will aid for further study or research. It will equally help the governments to set a better policy for good public and police friendship for better security.
Lastly, this research work will enable public relations practioners carry out their functions with a good insight.
1.6. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this study is the six (6) towns in Dunukofia. These ones under studies includes: Ifitedum, Nawgu, Ukwulu, Umunachi, Umudioka and Ukpo which is their headquarter. Also, it is the activities of the community police relations committee in these towns that are examined.
1.7. DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. PUBLIC RELATIONS: Is the deliberate planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain a mutual understanding between an organization and its publics.
2. POLICE: Is anyone or an official organization whose job is to make people, obey the laws and orders, prevent and equally solve crimes.
3. POLICE PUBLIC RELATIONS: According to Alozie practice, Is an attempt to achieve the goal of a favourable public image, sometimes, both may not be emphasized rather truth is manipulated in order to gain an acceptable public image. | This study is aimed at finding out the state of Nigerian newspapers published on the internet with a view to ascertaining the perception of Nigerian readers (audience) to them. The study will also look at the challenges and prospects of internet newspaper publishing the various problems encountered by readers as well as finding out the effectiveness of the internet as a feedback medium to newspapers stories on the internet. In the same vein, the study will also find out if the internet has also played any role in the transformation of the newspaper industry in Nigeria. The methodology for this study will be survey as it seeks to measure audience perception. Respondents for this research will be purposively sampled from the population of newspaper readers (both online and conventional) in Owerri the capital city of Imo State. Recommendations based on the later findings of this research will be made at the end of the study. |
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