| Description | | ABSTRACT
This study examines ?shorthand subject and level of performance of students in Office Technology and Management?. The research design used for this study is survey method. The population comprises of 350 students in the department of Office Technology and Management in Yaba College of Technology, Yaba, Lagos state. The Random Sampling Techniques was used to obtain 43% which is 150 students. Questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection. The questionnaire was divided into two sections (Section A & B). The findings of this study made it clear that time is very essential for OTM students to be very effective in shorthand drilling, the erroneous believe of people that shorthand is difficult affects the performance of OTM students and student also agreed that they can learn and pass shorthand excellently. | DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
In this chapter, the researcher analyses the data collected in the course of this study. She then presents the result, indicating how far the research questions confirmed or discomforted as the case may be.
In the analyzing the data , response from respondents are converted to raw scores, and then percentage of some of the data are tabulated before comments are made in respect of how they affect the research question is tested, using one or two relevant tables.
The results then presented according to how each research question is supported or redefined by the gathered data. The research question is regarded as conformed. If it is supported by the highest number of scores. And where in a list of alternate, the scores that supports the research question shows an equal score with any opposing alternative, the research question upholds so long as the score is highest among the list.
PRESENTATION OF DEMOGRAPHICAL DATA
TABLE I
THE FREQUENCY OF MAGAZINE READING HABITS OF STUDIES.
Categories Frequency of Response Percentage
By chance 35 10
Not at all 20 10
5 days a week 45 15
4 days a week 40 15
3 days a week 100 25
2 days a week 110 25
Total 350 100
From the above table, 110 respondents representing 30 percent said they read news watch magazine 2 days a week, 100 respondents representing 20 percent said they read 3 days a week, 45 representing 15 said 4 days a week, 40 representing 15 said 5 days a week, 35 representing 10 said by ÒchanceÓ and 20 of them representing 10 said Ònot at allÓ.
TABLE11
THE REASON WHY STUDENTS READ news watch MAGAZINE
S/N Categories Frequency of Response Percentage
1. To keep in touch with government activities. 120 10
2. To learn about self 20 15
3. To kill time 5 5
4. Diversion 15 25
5. To obtain 100 30
6. To be entertained 50 10
7. To cool tension 40 5
Total 350 100
It is evident from the above table that 120 respondents representing 30 percent read news watch magazine to keep in touch with government activities, 100 representing 20 percent said that they read to obtain information, 50 representing 18 said that they read to be entertained, 40 said to cool tension,20 said to learn about self, 15 said for diversion while 5 representing 2 percent said they read to kill time.
TABLE III
THE SOURCE FROM WHERE STUDENTS GET MAGAZINE
Categories Frequency of response Percentage
From serial 200 60
Borrowing from friends 100 30
No where 50 10
Total 350 100
From the table, 200 respondents representing 60 percent said they get from serial section, 100 respondents representing 30 percent said they Borrow from friends while 50 respondents representing 10 percent said ÒNo whereÓ.
TABLE IV
THE AREA OF INTEREST OF RESPONDENTS
Categories Frequency of response Percentage
News 200 42
Editorial 120 18
DonÕt know 30 25
undecided 20 15
Total 350 100
From the above,200 respondents representing 42 percent said that their interest is in News, 120 respondents representing 25 percent said in Editorial, 30 DonÕt have any interest while 20 respondents representing 15 percent were undecided.
TABLE IV
THE PERIOD STUDENTS READ MAGAZINE
Period Frequency of Response Percentage
Morning 100 10
undecided 50 30
After lectures 200 60
Total 350 100
From the above 200 respondents representing 60 percent said after lectures, while 100 said in the morning, 50 respondents were undecided representing 10.
Discussions and findings
Table 1
From table 1, it shows that 110 respondents representing 30 percent read news watch magazine 2 days a week, 100 respondents representing 20 percent said the 3 days a week, 15 said 5 days, while 35 representing 10 said by chance and 20 of them representing 10 said Ònot at allÓ.
Table II equally supported this question, it shows that 120 respondents representing 30 percent read news watch magazine to keep in touch with the government activities, 100 representing 20 percent said that they read to obtain information, 50 representing 18 said that they read to be entertained, while 40 said to cool tension, 20 said to learn about self, 15 said for diversion, 5 representing 2 said that they read to kill time.
With the above, the researcher can conveniently say that the respondents answered positively.
Table III
A quick look at table iii shows that 200 respondents representing 60 percent said they get magazine from serial section, 100 respondents representing 30 percent said they Borrow from friends while 50 respondents representing 10 percent said NO WHERE from this it proves that the research question from the respondents view is positive, negative
Table Iv gives a helping hand to this question it shows the area of interest of respondents is very positive. Because 200 respondents representing 42 percent said that, their interest is in news. 120, respondents representing 25 percent said in Editorial, while 30 donÕt have any interest, 20 respondents representing 15 percent is undecided.
TABLE V
A look at table v shows that 200 respondents representing 60 percent said they read magazine after lecture, while 100 representing 30 percent said they read in the morning, 50 respondents representing 10 percent where ÒundecidedÓ. | | ABSTRACT
This study examines ?relevance of communication skill on administrative effectiveness?. The research design used for this study is descriptive method. The population comprises of 70 staff at Power Holding Company Dugbe District, Ibadan. The Random Sampling Techniques was used to obtain 77% which is 54 staff. Questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection. The questionnaire was divided into two sections (Section A & B). The findings of this study made it clear that communication in an organization enhances organizational goals, there are barrier to communication growth in the organization in which solutions need to be given, the findings also made it clear that communication in an organization is necessary for achieving organizational corporate performance. | |
| Content | SURVEY OF THE HIGH RATE OF FAILURE IN SHORTHAND IN THE DEPARTMENT OF SECRETARIAL STUDIES (A Case Study (Imt) Enugu)
ABSTRACT
This dissertation is concerned with the survey of the high rate of failures in shorthand. This enables the researcher to have a broad and elaborate knowledge of the problem faced by shorthand students and how they can be tackled.
Shorthand, formally known as phonograhy is an art; a time saving system of writing by sound. The advantage can be blurted due to the excessive rate of failure.
This dissertation covers the background of the study problem and signification of shorthand. It discusses some of the concepts that will be of immense help to the writer such as mastery, basic skills, aural comprehension and method of teaching research methodology and design used by the researcher in this study is also discussed.
The and it is of the data collected were also presented. A survey of the high rate of failures in shorthand were also enumerated.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page
Certification Or Approval Page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table Of Contents
Abstract
Chaptert One
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background To The Study
1.2 Statement Of The Problem
1.3 The Objective Or Purpose Of The Study
1.4 Scope Or Delimitation Of The Study
1.5 Research Question
1.6 Hypothesis
1.7 Significance Of The StudyChapter Two
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Mastery
2.2 Basic Skills
2.3 Aural Comprehension
2.4 Method Of Teaching
Chapter Three
3.0 Methodology
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Area Of Study
3.3 Population Of The Study
3.4 Sample And Sampling Produce
3.5 Instrument For Data Collection
3.6 Validation Reliability Of The Research Instrument
3.7 Method Of Administration Of Research Instrument
3.8 Method Of Data Analysis
Chapter Four
4.0 Data Presentation And Result
4.1 Summary Of Result Finding
Chapter Five
5.0 Discussion, Implication, Recommendation
5.1 Discussion Of Result
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Implications Of The Results
5.4 Recommendations
5.5 Suggestion For Further Research
5.6 Limitations Of The Study
References
CHAPTER ONE
BACKROUND TO THE STUDY
Shorthand is the art of representing spoken sounds by written signs pitman shorthand provide a ways of representing every sound heard in English words.
Samaha (1973: 112) defines shorthand as a method of writing rapidly by substituting characters, abbreviations, or symbols for letters, words or phrases.
Isaac pitman published the first edition of his shorthand system in 1837. He spent half a century improving it, and the great work has since been continued by several generations of expert writer and teachers.
Millions have used this system as a means of earning a livelihood, and today, throughout the world wherever accurate and immediately legible recording of spoken English is reguired in parliament and congresses of every size.
Isaac pitman devised his system after profound and epock making study of the phonetic structure of the English language. The system is a result of his scientific analysis. Systems before pitman and even systems in use today, could achieve speed only through the laborious memorization of hundreds of special forms and arbitrary abbreviations. In pitman shorthand speed and facility of writing and safety of reading are achieved by following a coherent and comprehensive scheme: each individual sound has its signs and sounds of the same family have signs with an appropriate family likeness, after a little practice the signs seen to produce themselves like snapshots from the sounds and the sounds themselves seem to speak from the written page.
Historians date the beginning of shorthand with the Greek historian xenophobe, who used an ancient Greek system to write the memos of secretes. In the fourth century B.C Marcus Tulluis Tiro, a secretary to the Roman Orator cecero, invented a shorthand system called Tiroman According to stoddard and scalter good (1983:93) the time that Tiro invented his system was not quite clear and some people so as far as to say that he stole a system used in Greece. However, most agree that Tiro’s notes were the first organized system that enabled a writer to take down notes as fast as they were said.
Although, shorthand writing has undergone many modifications since its invention, the gregg and pitman methods are the beast known system using symbols. About 1913, shorthand written by machine was introduced and Gregg simplified version of shorthand written by machine was introduced in 1949 revised in 1963) and in the latter part of 20th century, the use of shorthand machines became widespread.
In 1973, institute of management and technology started offering secretarial study as a course.
In 1989, the N B Y E introduced advanced transcription in the curriculum and course specification studies lectures in this department relied on dictation and general principles and techniques of writing and subsequently transcription in type writer. Shorthand and has been the bare of most students. Shorthand as the name suggests spells terror and doom to the students with exeption of a far.
The pitman organization has carried out series of research and emerged with some teaching methods, techniques and even the publication of books, programmed to enable students so through this course with minimum rata of failure. However the government infura approved several commercial schools and colleges where shorthand is being taught attend extra classes in the evening. Like institute of management and technology, students are being divided into groups to create attentiveness and interest from the students.
Inspite of these the problem of high rate of failures in shorthand still persist.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Shorthand in business today is basically English. Writers/ students in this country have had to endure lots of problems in the writing of shorthand due largely good facilitators ignorance on the part of student etc. this leads to the high rate of failures in shorthand.
The problem of shorthand is not hinged on the subject propert. Most students come in with already ill convinced belief that shorthand is a difficult subject; every subject is difficult, and there are experts in all subject. This has been identified as contributory toward students high rate of failures in the subject, shorthand like mathematics is expected to have its peculiar methods and problems among others. Student ill-convinced motion that shorthand is a difficult subject inflicted a lot of psychological damage to their understanding of shorthand. It gave rise to many needs and imagined problems which hinder the much desired progress in shorthand. Some students are interested in the course but when they encounter minor problems, their interest fizzle out, the high rate of failures in shorthand is also due largely to the fact that students treat shorthand like any other suject. They study only at the approach of an examination (i.e. when it is already too late to get the skill and the speed students should know from the earlier stage that shorthand is a delicate subject and must be learned with assurance confidence, and consistent studying habits. It is not learned with nervousness.
1.3 PURPOSE OR OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:
The falling are in purpose of their study survey mirity high rate of failures in shorthand.
The study will
Survey the high rate of failures in shorthand
To identity the high rate of failures in shorthand.
Find out if the students are responsible for their failures
Find out if the teachers are responsible for the student failures.
Identify the role of the school authorities in alleviating the problems facing the teaching and learning of shorthand.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This research work covers the department of the secretarial studies institute of management and technology Enugu.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
(1) What are the causes of high rate of failures in shorthand?
(2) How can problem be solved?
(3) Would you attribute this failure rate to the students?
(4) Could the rate of failures be attributed to the lecturers?
(5) What are the contraption of the school authorities alleviating the problem?
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The important of the study is to survey on the high rate of failures in shorthand. The study is contributing to the remedy of high rate of failures among the students . it will help education planners to find lasting solutions to the problems created by the by the subject to students there by improving their performance in the subject and creating more positive altitude towards it.
The study shall also be beneficial to new intakes who are about to commerce studies in shorthand. It will help them to have the right altitude and orientation in the field of shorthand. It will also serve as a source of information to those aspiring to do shorthand at higher levels. The study will help facilitators lectures to visualize the type of problems student of shorthand are bonnbd to encounter and to device ways of handling then it will also help the researcher in widening her know ledge of shorthand.
1.7 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
The following research hypothesis are to be answered before the end of this work:
(1) Shorthand is the most problematic course among all courses offered by secretarial studies.
(2) One particular sex perform better in shorthand than the other.
(3) Problem of shorthand hinges on lack of teaching material for the course.
(4) Past students of secretarial studies land shorthand as a difficult courses.
| CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background to the Study
Shorthand is a system of rapid handwriting employing symbols to represent words, phrases, and letters. It is a, form, or instance of abbreviated or formulaic reference. It has been described as any system of rapid writing using symbols or shortcuts that can be made quickly to represent letters of the alphabets, words or phrases. Various terms are used for shorthand. One of the terms used is Brachygraphy meaning short writing, from the Greek word meaning short. Stenography meaning narrow or small writing from the
Greek word meaning narrow is another term used for Shorthand. Tachygraphy meaning swift writing from the Greek word meaning swift is also used for Shorthand. Over the years, advancement in office technology and new management styles has brought about changes to the office environment. Secretaries have undergone rapid transformation, moving from working in their age-old traditional role of taking notes in shorthand and transcribing on manual typewriter to new and multiple roles of using electronic, computer and recording devices. According to Norris (2008), the work of secretaries has shifted to a more management/administrative function in addition to their traditional secretarial functions. This is as a result of the introduction and use of new technologies in the office. Secretaries are assuming more and newer responsibilities, and are expected to perform at higher levels of administration and management, with higher remunerations. The traditional secretarial skill of taking notes in shorthand and transcribing on manual typewriter is fading away. Emphases has shifted to storing, editing and retrieving minutes of meetings and correspondences with the use of computer and electronic typewriter due to automated equipment in offices (Akpan, 2000).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Technology has caught up with shorthand in this era. Proponents of automated equipment in offices and the increased use of automated equipment by business executives and secretaries has promoted the assumption that the use of shorthand will be phased out and modern machines and equipment would take over the functions of shorthand writers.
Shorthand candidates have been performing very poorly. Such performance indicates that this much needed skill for our secretaries is not being acquired as required. This poor performance has been noted for several years and the institutions offering the examinations seem not to be putting any effort towards improving the performance.
1.3 Objective of the Study
The major objective of this study was to determine shorthand subject and level of performance of students in Office Technology and Management. The specific objectives were to:
? To determine the ratio of students versus typewriters in training institutions presenting candidates for shorthand examinations.
? To determine students? competencies in writing shorthand at the various stages in training institutions.
1.4 Research Questions
In order to achieve the objectives of the study the following research questions will be answered-:
? Does time allowed for practice affect performance of students taking shorthand in Nigeria Higher Institutions?
? Does erroneous believe of people in general that shorthand is difficult to learning affect the performance of students?
? Would you say that the school has enough equipment for learning shorthand?
? Does lecturer competency influence student?s performance in training institutions in Nigeria?
1.5 Significance of the Study
This study will help to define more clearly the importance of the skill to students of Office Technology and Management, in establishing or the importance of the skill in business today. It will also help to clear some deluding notions already conceived and nurtured by lazy students and at the same time influence students? attitudes to this course.
1.6 Scope of the Study
This study is restricted to Yaba Technology, Yaba, Lagos State (Office technology and Management Department to be precise)
1.7 Operation Definition of Terms
? Performance - refers to accomplishment of a given task measured against preset known standards of accuracy, completeness and speed.
? Poor performance ? refers to performing below expectations.
? Shorthand - A system of rapid handwriting employing symbols to represent words, phrases, and letters.
? Examination - A set of questions or exercises evaluating skills or knowledge.
1.8 Historical Background of the Study
(YABA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, YABA, LAGOS STATE)
Yaba College of Techonology was established in 1947 as a successor of Yaba Higher College. It attained autonomous status in 1969 by virtue of Decree 23 which granted it the mandate to provide full ? time and part ? time courses of instruction and training it technology, applied science, commerce and management, agricultural production and distribution, and for research.
Yaba College of Technology is the first higher institution in Nigeria to establish a centre offers compulsory courses which monitors the quality academic service delivery.
The Applied Research and Technology Innovation (ARTI) unit was established to promote research and linkages with private sector organization for the exploitation and use of research. ARTI also assists to promote linkages between students of Yaba Tech and students of other institutions especially in the era of research. The college has won the Nigeria Polytechnic Games Association five times out of sixteen edition of the competition. The college has a second campus at Epe, this campus is home to the Department of Agricultural Technology and Michael Otedola Information and Communication centre.
Yaba College of Technology has eight schools and thirty ? four academic departments with a total of sixty ? four accredited programmes, across ND, HND and Post ? HND levels. The college also offers certificate courses. | | CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
In recent times, there is the observation that males are dropping out of secretarial profession. A critical look at this statement reveals that the secretarial profession is being dominated by females in recent years. The sole aim of every organization is its survival and continuous profitability. As a result of this, employers of labor are making conscious efforts to ensure that organization chavel high caliber of employees who will contribute vigorously to the achievement of the organizational goals and those that are portray good image of the organization. Considering numerous and sensitive nature of secretarial profession, there is need for balanced labor force to save the employers from the problem of whom to employ and whom not to employ. In the past, secretarial profession was perceived to be for females only and that males who engage in it do so as a last resort. Some have impression that secretaries are females who took down notes and correspondence like shorthand and transcribe on the typewriter for male executives or managers. A female manager organize and run small offices for their male employers, they carry out all office jobs ranging from hiring junior staff keeping cash book and arranging for the day- to- day office routines. They are also regarded as a mediator between the channel of communication between their employers and the rest of the staff with constant demand on their ability. Furthermore, they are expected to tactful, loyal, efficient and discrete and maintain confidentiality. They are expected to put in all their energies and enthusiasm to their employer?s interest, protecting him from undesirable demand and interruptions. This assumption about secretaries in the past as ?female who run office for male employers or boss? is not the case these days. Recent analysis has shown that the advancement of Office Technology and Management profession was expanded and this is becoming more complex and challenging the roles of secretaries have increased tremendously to include other functions which are of great importance to any organization these made it possible for male to engage in the profession not as a last resort once more. At least in out of five secretaries two are males.
National Secretarial Association of the United State of America defines a secretary as an executive assistance, posing a good mastery of office skills and ability to assume responsibilities without direct supervision, display initiative exercises judgment and make decision within the scope of his/her authority.
Harding (1988) went further to define a secretary as ?one who provides a full range of management support which calls upon in a variety of skills and abilities that would certainly not be prerequisite office staff generally?. In these definitions, we see that secretary is an important officer in any establishment his works has even become more technical especially the advent of computers and other machines
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Today, it is observe that many employers, of labor prefer female secretaries to their male counterparts, reason for this have not been attributed to the non- performance of male secretaries but as a result of the fault that female secretaries are more useful in other areas than official duties. Also, male secretaries are perceived to be more assertive than female secretaries and such formed opinion that they will not be submissive to contributed authorities. The issue of down-turn in male students enrolment in secretarial studies department is reaching an alarming properties as industries employ more female secretaries this among others problems gave rise to this topic generally, the problem include that?.
1. It is not known whether parents no longer afford to support their male children financially once they got close to adulthood.
2. It is today a saying that male are becoming impatient with the unemployment status of the male graduates in the society. This gives us a serious concern.
3. We do not know why employers of labor prefer female secretaries to their male counterparts.
4. Some argue that the pronoun ?she? used to mean every category of secretarial profession is meant for females, the male students might be therefore feeling that there is no future to look forward to in the profession.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The major purpose of this study is to investigate the factors responsible for down-turn in male student?s enrolment in Office Technology and Management department especially the study seeks to
1. To find out the causes of decline in male student?s enrolment in Office Technology band Management Department.
2. To ascertain the altitude of male towards Office Technology and Management program.
3. To determine if the image of technology and management studies is poor in the society.
4. To identify if male secretarial students graduate do not secure employment easily.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The significance of this study cannot be over emphasized, the study can be parameter to check the incessant exist of male student?s enrolment from Office Technology and Management Studies.
1 The studies will re- awake interest of male students? enrolment in the study of Office Technology and Management Studies.
2 The study will proffer solution on how to tackle the imbalance supply of quality secretarial staff for our industrial growth particularly now that secretarial functions are very challenging.
3 Furthermore, the outcome of this study will serve as reference for students of Office Technology and Management Studies and lecturers who wish to gain more knowledge on this subjects.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1 What are the sources of down-turn in male student?s enrolment in Office Technology and Management studies Department?
2 To what extent is the image of secretarial studies poor in the society?
3 What are the altitudes of males towards Office Technology and Management studies programme?
4 To what extent do male secretarial graduate secure employment?
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study of the down-turn in male students? enrollment in Office Technology and Management studies department is such that would have taken the researcher too many higher institutions and some organizations but as a result of financial constants. | CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Communication is an indispensable administrative tool. It permeates every facets of organization. It is a crucial instrument of social interactions and a medium through which all relationships are established and maintained. Communication is the transmission of common understanding through the use of symbols. The term communication is derived from the Latin word. (Communis), which means ?to share? (Ezezue,2008:65). Sharing denotatively implies ?partaking? ?co-operating? hence it is a social activity, but unless a common understanding results from the transmission of symbols (verbal or non-verbal), there is no communication, (Donnelly, Gibson and Ivancerich, 1984:34). Effective managerial communication is strategic for organizational goal achievement.
Managers who are striving to become better communicators must accomplish two separate tasks first, they must improve their message ? the information they wish to transmit. Second, they must improve their own understanding of what people are trying to communicate to them; they must strive not only to be understood but also to understand others. While an organization has its physical setting, purpose and objectives, organization members have their individual objectives also. All these interplay in organizational setting, creating what we refer to as organizational climates.
However, ineffective communication in an organization may result in uncertainty, apprehension and dissatisfaction, these results to, poor productivity. It is therefore necessary that managers communicate with employees effectively. The extent to which a manager accomplishes corporate goals depends on his ability to communicate effectively (Herich, 2008). The fact remains that many executives still do not understand what communication is and its role in the success of an enterprise (Nnamseh, 2009:114). Effective communication enhances organizational relationship and minimizes strikes and lockouts. Administrative purposes and goals are sometimes defeated when communication is not effective. Wastes and costly mistakes have been made due to gaps in communication. From the above scenario, the need arises for a critical assessment of the role of communication in strategic management of organizations.
Communication is an indispensable function in achieving administrative goals. Getting the message across effectively and having it understood is a prerequisite to progress. There is no point in moving forward if the basic message is lost, or there are barriers in the process. This quickly reminds us of the biblical story of the construction of the Tower of Babel, the execution of which was a total failure because the builders could not communicate among themselves. Business organizations exist for the purpose of achieving predetermined goals and objectives. Actualization of these objectives ultimately requires a manager working with and through people. In this context, communication plays a vital role in the attainment of these goals. Its failure could then be traceable to poor application of communication. Incidentally, some managers do not often realize that communication is the vehicle that drives all the managerial functions. Success or failure of managerial functions depends to a great extent on the role of communication in the organization.
1.2 Statement of Problem
Organization cannot achieve its administrative effectiveness without communication. Communication which is one of the life sources of an organization is very necessary in an organization because without it people cannot interact with each other. For example if the employees in an organization would not know the organizations objectives, they would not strive to achieve the organization?s objectives. The following would also ensure as a result of problems in the communication structure of an organization.
i. The manger would not be able to inform employed of changes.
ii. The managers would not be able to train their worker reports so the worker not poses the skill they need to carry out their jobs.
iii. The employee in the organization would not know what their roles and responsibilities were so they would not be able to carry out their daily tasks and duties
iv. There would be dissatisfied customer?s at a result of poor customer?s service
v. The organization would not be aware of their computers activities.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The major objective of this study is to determine the relevance of communication skill on administrative effectiveness. Other specific objectives include:
a. To evaluate the impact of communication in achieving the administrative effectiveness.
b. To find out the most suitable pattern of communication adopted by the organization.
c. To bring to the fore the barriers to effective communication.
1.4 Research Question
1) Is communication in an organization a necessary instrument for achieving administrative goals?
2) Are the communication modes and principles clearly understood and implemented by the management of Power Holding Company, Dugbe, Ibadan.
3) Can effective communication exist in every organization
4) Is communication the backbone in an organization
1.5 Significance of Study
The significance of the research study is as follows:
i. It provides realistic solutions to the problems or impediments to the development of communication skills in Power Holding Company of Nigeria, Dugbe District, Ibadan.
ii. It exposes the numerous problems or impediments to the development of communication skills in an organization.
iii. It exposes the level of communication in an organization
iv. Since the study exposes the level of communication development in Power Holding Company of Nigeria, Dugbe District, Ibadan, other organization are challenged.
v. It will serve as a guide to further research study
1.6 Scope of the Study
The study ?Relevance of Communication Skill on Administrative Effectiveness? in which Power Holding Company of Nigeria, Dugbe District, Ibadan is a case study area such as communication historical background measuring of communication, principles, introduction development of communication skills in PHCN, Ibadan.
1.7 Definition of Terms
Some of the terms used in this work are listed and defined below:
1. Effectiveness: is the capability of producing a desired result or the ability to produce desired output. When something is deemed effective, it means it has an intended or expected outcome, or produces a deep, vivid impression
2. Communication: The process of conveying information from a sender to a receiver with the use of a medium in which the communicated information is clearly understand the same way by both sender and receiver.
3. Communication Skill: The ability to convey information to another effectively and efficiently. Business managers with good verbal, non-verbal and written communication skills help facilitate the sharing of information between people within a company for its commercial benefit.
4. Effective: Producing a desired or intended result
5. Administrative Effectiveness: it is reasonable to consider whether alternative means exist for achieving the same ends. Control theory holds that organizations require mechanisms of control to ensure that members attend to organizational outcomes
6. Effective Communication: is a communication between two or more persons wherein the intended message is successfully delivered, received and understood.
7. Barrier: An obstacle that prevents communication, movement or access | CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Secretaries are not born but made, although there are people with potentiality of becoming good, effective and efficient secretaries.
Before anybody can be called secretary, he or she must have undergone a certain training which varies from time to time and depends on the level of operation.
During the how period of training, no matter how short or long it takes, it is expected that all the skill and knowledge require of her to be able to discharge her duties effectively must have been acquired.
Having acquired these, the end result is to be able either to impact this skills and knowledge unto others or make the best use of them in various places to reveal and really expose the work of the secretary. After training the secretary either lives up to expectation by matching with the job requirement or fails in her duties. Whatever happens to the performance of secretary after training could be attributed to the quality and quantity of the training to great extent.
There is no doubt; therefore, that training will have effects on the performance of secretaries. But it could be noted however that there are few other factors that contribute to or responsible for the job performance of secretaries.
Notwithstanding, training remains a great contributing factor to the performance of secretaries. If the training is not proper handled, one would not expect a miracle to happen when the secret finds her in the office, she will definitely perform poorly.
On the other hand, a carefully planned and well contributed training programme will yield the amazing result later in life. Therefore, the poor performance is no doubt the result of poor training.
Consequently, a sound training produces excellent result and excellent performances, to which extent these submissions are true will be revealed later in his research work. Before anyone pursues a career, it is essential for her to know the career training requirements to enable her as certain whether she will be able to make a success of training or not.
Many of us do not consider this aspect, we get into career before realizing that we are unable to cope and as a result drop out.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
In most cases, the poor performance as well as excellent performance is attributed to the training so far reduced and skills and experience acquired. At a time, poor or excellent performance of secretaries is attributed to some internal or external factors. It has effects on the organization.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
This study is aimed at finding out the reasons for the training of secretaries and subsequent effect it has on their job performance.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The research will be of great value to secretaries under training and secretaries in general, in order for them to ensure that they acquire the required quality of the training that will enhance their job performance.
It will also help managers to know what is responsible for the poor
Performance of their secretaries.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. What are the effects of training on the performance of secretaries?
2. What other factors affect the performance of secretaries?
3. What is responsible for the poor performance of secretaries?
4. In what ways can the performance of secretaries be improved?
1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY
This research is limited to the Skye Bank Plc, Eruwa.
1.7 DEFINITION OF OPERATIONAL TERMS
For the purpose of this study certain terms are used. In order to ensure that the readers do not give wrong, interpretation to these terms, they are therefore defined and explained to avoid misunderstanding.
Training: it is the process of giving teaching and practice to some body in order to bring him or her to a desired standard of behavior, efficiency or physical condition.
Performance: performance is the result of the action and behavior gotten from training as measured in quality and quantity.
Secretary: A secretary is someone who has undergone certain training in secretarial profession, and obeys all rules and regulations of secretarial practice.
1.8 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Skye bank Plc is a product of the merger of five legacy banks as a result of the banking industry consolidation and recapitalization exercise of 2005. The legacy banks were prudent Bannk Plc, ELB International Plc, Bond Bank Limited and co-operative Bank Plc.
In 2014, in our continuous quest to provide better customer experience, Skye Bank won the bid to acquire the 100 percent ownership stake of Asset management corporation of Nigeria (AMCON) in main street Bank Limited, a deal which make Skye Bank one of the top four Bank in Nigeria. |
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