| Content | CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The word ROLE according to the Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary is the function or position that somebody has or is expected to have in an organization, society or in a relationship. This will help in electing meaning to the role of Nigeria mass media in their anti-child trafficking and abuse campaign.
Harold lass well (1945) say; that the mass media performs three function viz; surveillance of the environment, correlation of parts of the society transmission of the social heritage from one generation to another, and Wright (1975) adds, fourth role as entertainment Okunna (1999, 274)child trafficking and abuse an emotional and contentious issue that has enormously eroded the societal values.
This in humanity of man to young persons has an age long history. In the last twelve years the crime has greatly increased as children are moss-led by deceit or forced to summit to servitude for economic purposes due to dissemination. This act is perpetrated both internally and externally, Nigeria happens to be one of the destination points for child abuse as the crime harming a child physically, sexually and emotionally. Maduewesi (1990) argues that there are no statistical records on how the media have churned out news on this menace. In the recent times, studies have shown that trafficking of children basically for house helps service is a global issue. Also Lutz (2002) affirms that house help in different places were largely young, single girls of age 14 years and above. Ti is consistent with the findings of Gidoy (2002) who reported a study of the 100 children sampled in EL salvader working in domestic services most of them were between 12 and 17 years of age.
Nevertheless, the medias role in creating awareness in child abuse and child trafficking by churning out programmes in a dramatized way, extensive reportage on child trafficking and abuse through films, print and broadcast media is a worth while venture. The mass media campaign coverage on information few people directly experience and unraveling happenings that relates to this scourge.
Therefore it is believed that the Nigerian mass media can through their campaign bring about a social change in child trafficking and abuse within Owerri municipality.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
I beat every sound minded Nigerians imagination why such act like child trafficking and abuse that is akin to slavery should continue after more than 200 years since slavery was stopped all over the world. Unfortunately, Nigeria has been indicted as a transit point irrespective of efforts of the media, government and non-governmental bodies towards finding a lasting solution to the change.
The exploitive and slave like conditions meted out on young persons under the age of seventeen is better described as cruelty to the Nigeria child. This indecent and ungodly act-should not strive. In Nigeria if the provision of the United Nation Conventions in 2000 and the Nigerian 1999 constitution is something to go by given the abuse emotional trauma and neglect the child in Nigeria undergoes, one can therefore agree that an average Nigerian is not much aware of the child right bill.
Several publication have been made by the Nigerian mass media concerning children that are continuously abuse and trafficked to foreign countries and within the nation in deceit for child labour, abuse and trafficking. Based on this premise, this research will further explain the danger the scourge portends and the need for all hands to be on deck for the mass media campaign on anti-child trafficking and abuse to be a success. Also we cannot continue to allow undesirable element to destroy the destinies of our children.
PURPOSE OF STUDY
The nefarious act of child abuse and trafficking is no longer news in the country. Also to say that Nigeria is a catchment ground and as well as dumping point for child traffickers can not in anyway raise eyebolt. No one can ever deny the fact that child abuse is on the increase in Nigeria. Based on these issues, government bodies and good spirited individuals are expected to take the bull by the horn to motivate, encourage and participate directly on the Nigerian mass media role in the anti0child abuse and trafficking campaigns.
Better still, the study calls for ways to address these under listed steps with a view to find lasting solution to this menace.
a) To look inwardly as to discover the things that has impeded the Nigerian mass media anti-child trafficking and abuse campaign.
b) To appreciate and explain the Nigerian mass media role in their anti child trafficking and abuse campaign as well as,
c) Identifying and addressing the root cause of the scourge.
d) The study should also ascertain the government and non-governmental bodies effort in this campaign.
e) And to suggest some other measures that would be of help to the media in their quest to eradicate the scourge.
f) To investigate the level of ignorance exhibited by some media claimants.
SIGNIFICANCES OF STUDY
The study tends to provide information on child trafficking and abuse in the country. Also the need to address the Nigerian mass media encumbrances in their bid to fight the menace.
The research will be of immense help to guardians, parents, and children the nation and the entire world. The causes and measures to tackle these mysterious vices will be treated.
The study will help people understand how ungodly the menace is and the bad image it has created to Nigerians especially at times like this when the country is leading a crusade on re-branding the image of the nation.
The work among other things will go a long way in protecting the destinies of our children and the research shall serve as a referential material to other researcher who would like to embark on similar research work in due course.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1) What are the mass media roles?
2) If given the enabling apparati, can the Nigeria mass media effectively carry out their anti-child abuse and trafficking campaign?
3) Have the Nigerian mass media live up to expectation so far?
4) What are the factors adversely impeding their effort in their anti-child abuse and traffic king campaign.
5) Which other relevant institution and people can be of immense help in this campaign by the Nigerian mass media.
DELIMITATIONS / LIMITATION
The study will be restricted to the role of Nigerian mass media in the anti-child abuse and trafficking campaign in Nigeria. The study is limited to Imo state alone due to financial and time constraints. At any rate, the problem encountered in the cause of this research is getting of reports and materials on the Nigeria trafficking and abuse campaign and how to source out other relevant data.
Be that as it may, the research was able to obtain material from the press, books, and internet and media outlets.
DEFINITION OF TERMS AND CONCEPT
ROLE: Function or part that one is expected to perform in an organization or society or in a relationship
MASS MEDIA: Sources of information and news such as newspaper, magazine, radio, television, internet, films that reach and influence the attitude and opinions of large people.
Anti: Something a person does not agree with or accept
Child Trafficking: The illegal sending away of children to foreign countries and within the country. Child abuse: It is a crime that harms a child in a physical, sexual or emotional way.
Campaign: A series of activities that is well articulated planned and organized to achieve or accomplish a particular goal. | Broadcasting has been at the forefront of many technological changes mostly in digitalization and enhancement of existing technology. For example digital technology now permits listeners to obtain traffic information and news per se | CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Thuis research is on The Impact Of Community Newspaper In Creating Political Awareness At The Local Level, A Case Study Of Aguata Local Government Area. The phenomenal growth in mass media channels have led to an expansion of the roles it could play in various areas apart from performing the functions of providing information, influencing public opinion, social attitudes, entertainment and bringing about greater social integration. In contemporary times, the media play important role in providing information through news reports and analysis which is beneficial in assessing political performance.
In Nigeria, the press historically played a powerful role in motivating people to participate in the freedom struggle during independence era years after the first newspaper was published by Reverend Henry Townsend. This led a very solid foundation for the expansion and growth of newspaper industry. The newspaper industry was at the front of the fight for independence of Nigeria in particular and Africa in general. The pre and post independence press (Newspaper) brought about many innovations. They fought colonial masters, gained their independence and also brought development to the nation through their coverage. This development is in all facets of human endeavor and springs across economic, social, cultural and most importantly political aspect of the country. This development in area of politics was attained through mobilization of the masses and the creation of political awareness in both national and local level; using national newspaper at national level and community newspaper at local level.
Although, this does not mean that therefore the advent of the newspapers that political awareness has not been. Prior to the advent of the newspaper, community development had progressed from generation to generation. Communities and even ages grades undertake various political programmes like elections and appointments of village chiefs and rulers, which is peculiar to communities.
However, in contemporary time, as newspaper has come to stay in Nigeria, it is not possible to talk of development without mentioning politics. When we talk about politics, the first thing that come to mind is creating awareness to let people know about political programmes available, their right etc then mobilizing them to participate in the programme. Therefore, for meaning national development, it must be anchored on generating useful and effective political awareness.
In emphasizing the role of the mass media in nation building the government should be aware that the mass media must provide a basic national and balanced services of news which will educate the citizen of the country. For it has been observed that general mobilization and enlightenment of citizens for political activities are the main factor of any development process.
However, the area of focus in this research work should be on the print media and community newspaper to be precise. This entails the roles it played in the past and the role it still plays in liberating the masses from obscurity, especially the role played during the struggle for independence for the reasons, the various government and people have recognized the influential and powerful nature of the community newspapers on information gathering dissemination as well as in mobilizing the people towards a common goals. Some are still wondering at the role of the press in molding, influencing and exerting public opinion. However, the impact of politics has not been felt in some area due to the people’s level of press awareness on political programmes and activities.
Generally, the newspaper industry has experienced a lot of transformation is evident in the rate at which many newspaper have been springing up in all nooks and cranny of the country.
One appreciates this development, with the development of community newspaper by some newspaper by some newspaper houses. But how far have these community newspaper gone in catering for political enlightenment of people at rural areas with particular references Aguata Local Government Area. The people at the local area comprises the bulk of the country’s population. They are the cradle of civilization.
Aguata Local government Area is one of the twenty-one (21) local government area in Anambra State. It is made up of fourteen (14) autonomous communities, with it headquarters at Ekwulobia. It is one of the largest five local government areas in the country.
The local government is rapidly developing industrially, commercially, socially with rich heritage. Ekwulobia one of the communities and a growing commercial town has been elevated to urban status by the state government. The people of the area are mainly farmers and traders with potentialities of becoming self-reliant in food production. Palm oil production is the dominant cash crop in the area. The area is also famous in arts and culture as Igboukwu archeological finding testify to this; it has the only ancestral museum in the state.
Aguata Local Government Area has an estimated population of about 328,324 (three hundred and twenty eight thousand, three hundred and twenty four) people of various age bracket and also comprises of indigenes and those that are available are overstretched due to high increase in population and erosion menace, this has retarded the pace of development. This neglect should be attributed to lack of adequate knowledge of political programmes of the government in power by the people in the area. This has always resulted in the their choice to parties and candidates during the election of representatives.
Thus, the primary role of community newspaper in such area is the effective mobilization of the people towards effective political awareness.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
It goes without saying that the people living in rural areas contributes 80% of the country’s population. Mass media including print in performing its function since inception through demand get based or situated in the urban areas of the country. The rural masses suffer negligence. Government in Nigeria for long paid, lip service to development of rural areas. The national newspaper has always has strived to present information, news, articles, features, events etc that favour mostly the urban dwellers. These rural areas are often news-locked as such, it exposes the rural folks to dwell mainly on town criers, opinion leaders, market master etc for dissemination of news and information is not effective.
One sad thing about these rural dwellers is that most of them are illiterates and even when they receives information, they may not understand the implication and some rural masses do not realize the importance of their own participation in national development, many lack basic knowledge about the country or the bare minimum political desire to cast their votes and this calls for intensive public political awareness and enlightenment in the area.
It is against this background that the researcher in this study advocates for the resolution of these pressing issues as;
- The need for an urgent of community newspapers
- The role of the community newspaper in creating political awareness among rural dwellers.
- The accessibility of rural dwellers to community newspaper.
- The extent to which the community newspaper cater for the interest of the rural dwellers.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
This research project is being undertaken with several objectives in mind, and intend to look into the following areas;
- To find out the actual influence the community newspapers have in creating political awareness in Aguata Local Government Area.
- To provide information on the level of the exposure of the populace of Aguata Local Government in politics and politics matters.
- To emphasize the importance of rural dwellers participation in politics.
- To enlighten the rural folks on the importance of their votes during election.
- To use community newspapers to attract development and investment in rural sector.
1.4 Significance of the Study
Nigeria since independence had cheered history of government system. They have witnessed more military regime to civilian regimes as a result, Nigerians have not inculcated the democratic culture, they are still at the cognitive stage where a lot of mobilization need to be created for them to know the benefit of democratic culture. It is also imperative to educate them on the working of a democratize government.
Thus this research work becomes inevitable and very vital as democracy has come to stay in our country of which Nigeria has created history in her smooth transition from civilian government hence the study becomes imperative to governments states, individuals and society at large.
This study was also essential to enhance the effectiveness of community newspapers in mobilizing the masses as well as help to unearthed some of the problem hindering the mobilization of the people of Aguata Local Government Area by community news paper (urban news) and offer possible solutions.
This study is also important to help newspapers administrator to devise effective means of creating political awareness in their various areas of circulation.
Although this work beams it’s search light on Aguata Local Government Area, it is also essential to point out that most local government areas in the country are faced with the similar situation so, the findings and recommendation reached at the end of the country.
However, the study besides adding to literature, will offer new grounds for further studies.
1.5 Research Questions
For the purpose of writing this research work, following research questions are formulated, of which answering them will help in giving direction and order to this work.
- To what extent has community newspaper helped in the creation of political awareness to the people of Aguata Local Government Area?
- Do members of the community have access to the community newspaper?
- How effective is community newspaper in getting information to the people of Aguata Local Government Area?
- Is there any relationship between the people’s exposure to the community newspapers and their participation in political programmes.
- To what extent do community news papers cater for the interest of the community?
1.6 Scope or Delimitation of the Study:
The topic was chosen with the intention of finding out the impact of community newspaper is creating political awareness at the local level. The work beams it’s search light on Aguata Local Government Area.
1.7 Limitation of the Study
The most limiting factor that factor that hindered the researcher was time. The apportioned for the research work was to short for more wider comprehensive work.
Another limiting factor to the work were finance and inadequate material resources, the non availability of related books in the area of study was another major factor limited the study, although the little available were judiciously used.
Another inhibiting factor was the administration of questionnaire that were sent out were not recovered, some were not properly filled. However, nothwithstanding these limitation stated above, the work was a success by imploring diplomatic measures towards appraising the research topic thoroughly.
1.8 Research Hypothesis
- Ho: There have been no improvement in using community newspaper to create political awareness at local level.
- Ho: that community newspaper has not achieved the desired objective in creating political awareness.
- Ho: That constant exposure to community newspaper is not likely to enhance individuals attitude towards political programmes
1.9 Operationalization of Terms
- Newspaper: It is a regular printed document consisting of news reports, articles, photograph and advertisements that are printed in large sheets of paper which are folded together but permanently oined.
- Impact: A powerful effect that something has on something especially news on a situation of affairs on establishment.
- Awareness: An act of fairing special interest in or expe3rience of something and so bring well informed of what is happening in that subject at the present time.
- Community: People living in a particular area who are considered as a unit because of their common interest and background.
- Rural Area: Area outside the urban area where 65 percent of Nigerians live.
- Urban Area: Township where government officials and the middle class live.
- Masses: The entire citizenry. Those not in governments.
- Mobilization: The creation of awareness in people with a view of changing their opinion towards certain issues.
| This project on impact of Freedom of Information Act: A study of journalism practices in Uyo community from January to June is aimed at finding out how Freedom of Information Act impact positively on the life of practicing journalists in Uyo community. In carrying out the study the researcher used survey design method while questionnaire was the instrument of the study. Simple tables and percentages were used in analyzing and presenting the data collected. The researcher made some recommendations to support that Freedom of Information Act encourage investigative journalism balance reporting openness and transparency in the decision making process which will improve citizens trust in government action. The researcher also made few numbers of suggestions for further studies which will continue to inform people about the impact this topic (Freedom of Information Act) has on our society. And from the conclusion drawn from the questionnaire tables it is shown that Freedom of Information Act impact positively on the life of working journalists in Uyo community and strengthens the constitutional guarantee of freedom to receive and impact information and ideas without any hindrance. Again the respondents proved that Freedom of Information Act empower the professionalism and the ethics of journalism. | CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The major purpose of advertising is to communicate, educate and market a product/ service, idea or cause, though a channel or media that is accessible to target audience. However, the marketing function recognizes the strategic value of advertising as an element of the promotional mixifirm use in selling their goods and services according to Ozoh (1998, p.13).
Advertising is a distinct promotional element that serves as a bridge between the advertisers and the target market. Through advertising, the advertisers deliver his massage to the target market. Also in a mass market, where it is quite impossible to reach the multitude of prospects for a brand personally, advertising offers not only the cheapest means, but an effective way of entering into the targets consciousness to get them acquainted with the product with the product or services so there is need for advertisement in order to get the targets acquainted with the product or services.
Moreover, many organizations or industries believe that advertising their products will command or attract many consumer for such product. The question now is, does television advertising on consumers choice of beverage using carbury as comparative study for this research.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The research under study orders on the topic influence of television advertising on consumers choice of beverage. Advertising pervades our lives. It is impossible to read newspaper, magazine, and journal or watch television, listen to radio or even travel the streets of our cities without being bombarded by commercial messages. Our country derives benefit from information about products and services. On the other side of the fence, companies with products or services to sell, regard advertising as a valuable and indeed indispensable marketing tool. a proximately 3% of the gross national product is currently devoted to advertising, so advertising is a large and essential way of doing business.
research of old see broadcast audience (TV viewers)as passive, hence they provided the passivity theory or buller theory which states that the media has a powerful effect on the audience and this means that once the advertising message gets to audience, it has an immediate impact on them. however, later research has proved otherwise. it is true that some kinds of communication on some kinds of product brought to the attention of some kinds of people, under some kind of conditions have some kind of effect, according to berelson as cited in Nwosu (2005, p.40). This does not mean that the audience is not without their own eritical-mind on a product. Television advertisements have been found to be of immense benefits.
Business organization involves them with advertisement in order to create awareness about their products and services and boost sales. By definition, advertising as the advertising practitioners council of Nigeria (APCON) defines it is a form of communication through media about products, services, or ideas, paid for by an identified sponsor (cited in Ozoh, 1998, p.1).Fletcher (1979) as cited by in Ozoh (1998,p.2) opines it is the dissemination of sales message through purchase time and space. The authors of contemporary Advertising (Bovee and Arens 1986) define, it as the non-personal communication of information usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature about a products, services or ideas by an identified sponsor through the various media.
Furthermore, advertising is a form of communication through the media about products, services, ideas, personalities or organizations, paid for by an identified sponsor. It is also a profession, a body of reminsee involved in the conceptualization, planning, creating, packaging and placing of advertising plays a major information role, making known available product and services to the intending consumers, and offering the products and services as attractively possible, thus enabling the consumer to make a choice, Wright and Warner(1997, p.2) opine that advertising has the unique function to create differentiation among product brands and services that are otherwise difficult to distinguish.
Advertising of a particular product that fails to live up to the expectations of the consumer will not be effective and thus, will not exert any influence. How true is the above assertion? To what extent do these television advertisements influence audience? Hence the relevance of this study: influence of television advertising on consumers choice of Beverage.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The primary aim of every business organization is to make profit and this profit in achieved through the patronage of the class of people the business organization regard as its primary customers. According to McDaniel (1996 p.1) Advertising is a method of impersonal communication using such media as the press, radio, Bill board, television and so on. However, there are a number of problems which need to be carefully stated before any decision can be made about whether to spend any money on advertising at all, let alone how to spend it. For example many people believe that advertising is a waste of money and that media expenditure would be better spending on personal selling. All these are issue in television advertising, hence the need to undergo a study on influence of television advertising on consumer choice of Beverages.
1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
The following are the objectives of this work
1. To find out if television advertising has any influence on consumers choice of Beverages.
2. To find out whether there are other factors which can influence consumers on their choice of beverages.
3. To find out if television advertising brings about brand loyalty.
4. To find out the number of people that watch television advertising.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
With a view to obtaining answer to the problems of this research work, the following research questions are posed.
1. Does television advertising influence consumers choice of beverage?
2. Can other factors other than advertising influence brand loyalty?
3. Do consumers see brand name as synonymous with quality?
4. How often do masses view television advertising?
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The essence of television advertising is to influence consumers in decision making on their choice of beverages based on what they watch. This study is relevant for advertising agencies and the media who sees the need to receive and disseminate television advert to the public. Also, the study would help researchers and other scholars in ascertaining the influence or effects of television advertising on brand choice of audience it will help audience in the selection of products.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The effect of this work is targeted at determining the responses among television viewers concerning television advertising on consumers choice of beverage using carbury as a comparative study to be covered. Attempt will also be made to know the extent at which television station run such programmes.
1.7 LIMITATION OF THESTUDY
The major limitations of this study is that the newness of the topics as assigned by the project supervisor posed a big challenge to the researcher. Lack of material such as textbook, journals, internet print-outs relevant to carry out the research and renovation of school library were banners to the study. Despite all these limitations, the research was successfully carried out.
1.8 OPERATIONAL DEFNITION OF TERMS
The under listed terms are defined in with their usage in the study, influence, operationally, influence means the indirect power over something. It could be as a result of something, somebody or a group of people.
Television: It is a piece of electrical equipment with a screen on which you can watch adverts with sound and moving pictures.
Advertisement: It refers to any paid for or sponsored messages, which is disseminated through the media and aim at informing and persuading to purchase a product or services.
Consumer: In this context, consumer refers to a person who buys and uses finished goods and services.
Choice: This refers to the selection of something among possible alternatives.
Beverages: Refers to any liquid that is drunk for food or pleasure. A drink other than water | CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
This study is on Communication gap: effect on organizational performance (a study of Nnewi north local government area secretariat). Every needs to communicate with those around him to share experience, jokes, furniture, hopes and ideas. By the time we read our teens, we probably take the ability to communicate for granted as merely doing what comes naturally. Whether we realize it or not, each of us has learn about language and communication by the time we become teenagers. In early childhood, we learnt how to write and interprete numbers and digrames. We even come to understand the silent language of communication expressed in false gestures and body movement which is the body language of non verbal communication. This army of skills has helped us to be active members of the family, school, work group and society at large.
Communication occurs when a person transmits meaning understanding message to another person or group. Having known this, it is of require goo communication since it is regarded as the foundation upon which an organization system must be developed and maintained to get an idea passed to others in order to bring intended performance. Without the process of communication the various part of organization would not be bound together and the organization would not exist. In other to be successful, the organization needs people who can communicate effectively and efficiency. Communication is very important tool in every organization.
John MP Fiffner saw communication as a galaxy of connotation each of which is valuable and useful for its particular context. It is indeed common that the mere mention of the world communication conjure s pictures of the letters, telegram, radio, cable, telephone etc. in the mind of the people in the street. The word communication came from a Latin word communication, meaning to share. It is a way of sharing ideas, thought, feeling, message or information by speech, visual signals writing or behaviour.
According to Lee (2011) without the means, the capacity and the will to communicate, what we knew as business government and community activities could not be but is not enough for people to talk with each other, they need to know how to talk with others too. The first executive fixation according to Bernard (1990) is to maintain a system of communication. It is only when people have come to know others work, play or study that they are prepared to open up and to trust others with their secrets communication is the meaningful exchange of information between two or more living creatures, hence animal language. It can be act by which human pass information, knowledge etc.
According to Uzozie Raphael (1992 : pg 10) he says that communication is all the possible method of conveying or passing information, idea, feeling etc from one source to another, in a systematic way (sentence formation ways) using channel which are recognized and accepted by all the participant in the communication gap.
Uwadiegwu (2010 : pg 155) defines communication as a process of giving peoples information through the means of previews agreed symbols, signs, signals, or patterns.
Mbiti (1987) sees communication as the transfer of information from one person to the other, information sent out all supposed to be understood and react to it with the desired response. in the same vein, Graham et al (1992) state that communication must include facts, intention and attitude. The chief purpose of communication is to make the receiver of the message to understand what is in the mind of the sender. Therefore, it is no exaggeration to assert that communication is playing operation of our business. We have more people to inform more people to listen to and more people to help us solve our problem and more things to talk about. Its function is the means by which social inputs are fed into social system or organization, the means by which behaviour is modified, changed is effected, information is made productive and goal are achieved, be it in business, the military, the government etc. very organization is get up to obtain same defined objective. Some business organization like Nnewi North Local Government Area Secretariat is set up to improve the standard of education and render social service. The co-operative in this case is not that of making profit.
However, the objective of any organization has been achieved through the instrumentality of individual persons who form the basic nucleus of any organization. The people have to be managed effectively and efficiently in order to ensure their readiness to perform for the attainment of goals and objective of organization.
Management is defined by Denyer (1972: pg 46) is concerted with the direction and control of an enterprise and involves planning and direction of the work of other. These managerial functions cannot successfully carry out in the absence of communication is what all managers do. It breeds life into planning, organizing, motivating, controlling and budgeting. It is the way we get meaningful work accomplished by coordinating the effort of their individual and groups.
Communication as defined by Brown (1950:pg 16) is the process of transmitting ideas or thought from one person to another for the purpose of creating understanding in the thinking of the person receiving the communication. It is also the act of imparting information or the mutual exchange of information and understanding by the use of symbols, language and signs. The goals of any communication his either to change behaviours, get actions, get information or to persuade and ensure understanding.
Drucker (1954:pg 12) while discussing the importance of communication said: The managers has a specific tool which is information. He does not handle people, he motivate, guides, organize people to do their own work and to do this, is the spoken and written word or the language of numbers. No matter whether the managers job is engine accounting, legislating or selling, his effectiveness depends on his ability caused by the lack of effective communication are among the greatest problem managers faces in todays competitive business world. Skill are needed to get ideas and thoughts across other people as well as skill in finding out what other people are after, a kind of impulse feeling. Drucker assertion implies that communication are needed to convey information necessary for on going operation and that communication can have an effect on the attitude of people in the organization and consequently on the general performance of the organization.
Managers spend a lot of their time in order to co-ordinate human and physical resources of an organization into effective efficient and co-ordinate work unit. It is only through this, the human and material elements of an organization can be achieved.
As average manager spend between 80 to 95 percent of his time communicating in one form or the other, interviewing applicants for position, holding meeting, writing letters, memos and repots, telephoning clients, listening and reading. Relevant information, facts, feeling and ideas must be communicated within an organization before any organizational decision can be made. Communication in recent years has been regarded as a managerial function because of its indispensable important in any organization coupled with the fact that it has been realized that communication is need in born but has to e learnt and developed along line.
Language, which is deemed the most important tools of communication. Researchers have proved that there are more than 280 languages in Nigeria. It was also observed that the organization Nnewi North Local Government Area Secretariat which serves as a study for this research have worker from different ethnic groups with different languages, different social and cultural backgrounds. This shows that effective communication in any organization cannot be predicted accurately. As S.I Hayakawa (1979:pg 1) said the meaning of words are not in the word. They are in its and no word ever has exactly the meaning.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Misunderstanding and distrust caused by lack of effective communication are among the greatest problems Nigerian managers face todays competitive business world. This is why the attention of many organization today and focused on the task of improving communication. List of obstacles of effective communication is almost unless each failure can mean serious losses, errors, delays, bottlenecks and misunderstanding.
One need not to emphasize on the simple fact that communication is the way management gets it job done. The ability to communicate is the most important of all the skill a manager must develop and when the most valuable ability administration may exercise.
It is estimated that close to 70 percent of our communication efforts are likely to be misunderstood thereby any human society. There are several reason for these, some of the reasons include lack of clarity of the message, receivers perception of the sender and the senders bias regarding the message. Other may be due to lack of interest in the message, poor listening and inability to concentrate.
Therefore, it becomes imperative to undertake a study on how communication is handled coupled with communication problem in the organization.
1. In the light of this, the following formats are the statement of problems. In what ways have the use of effective communication in Nnewi North Local Government Areas Secretariat contributed to the achievement of its objectives?
2. Has the achievement of the objectives been encumbered due to lack of proper communication facilities?
3. Which process of communication does the management of the organization adopt in passing down their message?
4. Has this process been suitable enough to get done at when expected or has it been a hindrance to work progress?
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objectives of this study are:
1. To examine whether there is resultant effects of communication gap in Nnewi North Local Government Area Secretariat.
2. To find out the process and identify barriers in communication.
3. To find out the most appropriate communication method for better organizational performance.
4. To investigate whether there is any communication gap between the employees and the management.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. Is there any resultant effects of communication gap in Nnwei North Local Government Area Secretariat?
2. Do communication gap exist between the employees and the management?
3. Is there any appropriate communication method for better organizational performance?
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This research topic limited its study to Nnwei north local government area secretariat to communication gap in respect to its effect on organization performance with special attention. Nnwei north local government area secretariat comprises of female and male staff who are involved in various work. There are also student who are doing industrial training. The study also covers the role of communication in organizational mobilization in Nnewi north local government area secretariat.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Communication has remained an essential and an indispensable aspect of any organization as far as administration and management are concerned. Although most managers do not share the same view, however it is imperative that I spot out any gap in communication and to find a good solution to such problems. The worked will also focus on the task of providing a milieu for improving communication in Nnwei north local government area secretariat or government owned, individual association infact, every human society will benefit immensely from this study. Finally, it is expected to provide a basis which further research work covered be conducted in future. This study will highlight the important of communication as a vehicle organizational mobilization in a transition era.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. COMMUNICATION: The act of impacting information or the mutual exchange of information and understanding by the use of symbols language and signs. It is a social transaction which involves getting ones ideas across in a way a person can be understand by the other person of whom the message is been addressed.
2. INFORMATION: Information knowledge, items of knowledge news.
3. MOTIVATION; It is a force that influence human behaviour. In other word, it is a force that drives individual towards communication or acting in a particular way.
4. PUBLIC: A section of the community grouped because of a common interest or activity. It can also refer to employee and the group of people, the organization conduct business with.
5. ORGANISATION: A business concern united and constructed for a particular end.
6. FEEDBACK: Process of bringing a response to the original speaker/sender or source. It is the ultimate judge of effectiveness of communication.
7. GAP: Break, incompleteness and unwholesome. |
