| Content | Abstract
"Disaster management" can be defined as the range of activities designed to maintain control over disaster and emergency situations and to provide a framework for helping at-risk persons to avoid or recover from the impact of the disaster. Disaster management deals with situations that occur prior to, during, and after the disaster. Globally, there has been lots of disaster on land, air and sea, though these disasters may be natural or man-made, it has however led to the destruction of lives and properties worth billions of Naira. | CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction The construction industry plays a vital role in the economic development of any country. The state of the industry gives a fair indication of a Nations economy. Between 1971 and 1975, the constitution industry in Nigeria emerged as a dominant feature of the Nations economic development as a result of high activity level in the sector occasioned by the after civil war reconstruction and oil boom which stimulated execution of various private and public project ranging from new starts to rehabilitation of damaged and dilapidated buildings and other infrastructures. The industry however, witnessed decline from 1976 as a result of economic recession, a trend which has persisted to the present.
Despite the lull, the industry has continued to expand due the rapid urbanization and population growth which have increased demand for housing and other infrastructural facilities. Similarly, the expansion of the structure of governance to the grass root level have also contributed to the demand for the various products of the construction industry which include buildings and roads. Design and construction of these products are guided by certain criteria guidelines or standards. These are usually formulated based on wide representation and articulation of diverse needs and view points observed over a considerable length of time. They are thus expected to guarantee user expectations that products and services are safe, reliable, and suited for the purposes claimed by their manufacturers or providers.
Unfortunately, the Nigeria construction industry has been characterized by lack of adequate standards to guide activities in the industry. OPOKO, ALI, 2005.
The industry has many features which set it apart from other process industries and which accentuate the need for professional management. Each order in the construction industry leads to a oneoff client made product. The team set up to produce a building is in existence only for the duration of that particular project run. The team for each project is assembled from a disparate collection of professionals, subcontractors, craftsmen, artisans, labourers, and suppliers within the industry and outside. AYO BAMISLE, 2004.
The professionals in the construction industry are many and diverse in nature. They are expected to have been scientifically and technically instructed.
The professionals are:
1 Architect
2 Builder
3 Engineers Geotechnical, Structural, Electrical, etc.
4 Quantity surveyor
5 Estate surveyor
6 Town planner
7 Land Surveyor
They order of listing does not indicate the superiority or otherwise of one professional over others ogunbiyi, 2003.
All members of the construction team bear heavy responsibilities, in accordance with their codes of conduct and constitution, and it is the duty of the various professional bodies to assist their individual members to discharge their respective responsibilities in an effective manner. The following are the professional bodies.
1 ARCON: Architect Registered council of Nigeria
2 CORBON: Council of Registered Builders of Nigeria
3 CREN: Council of Registered Engineers of Nigeria
4 QSRBON: Quantity Surveyor Registration Board of Nigeria
5 SURCON: Surveyors Registration council of Nigeria
6 ESURBON: State Surveyors and Values Registration Board of Nigeria
7 TOPREC: Town Planning Registration Council of Nigeria
Apart from the professionals mentioned earlier, there are other organizations that also have input in the construction industry. They are:
1 Technician societies
2 Employers organization/Federation
3 Research organization
4 Trade Association and
5 Employers Association
For these organizations to discharge their duties, they must relate not only to the other professional groups but also respond to the codes and ethical standards of the industry. This is to ensure stable and functional approach to policy implementation. Ogunbiyi, 2003.
There are artisans and craftsmen which are equally important in the industry. In spite of advancement in technology, plant and equipment and in particular robotics, the construction industry is one of the few that still relies heavily on individuals skill of a tradesman. They are:
1 Block layers/ Brick layer
2 Steel fixers
3 Plumbers
4 Electricians
5 Floor and wall tillers
6 Terrazzo layers
7 Roofers
8 Aluminium/Metal fixers
9 Plasterers
10 Painters etc.
According to Ogunbiyi 2003, the bureaucracy and the Nigeria factor has prevented each body to play its own statutory role in making the construction industry in Nigeria a model for other countries. It is unfortunate indeed that what, we have today is inter and intra squabbles between professional bodies waging unwinnable and self destroying battles against each other functions, forgetting that professional borderlines are not elastic.
1.1 Aim and Objectives
The aim of this project is to find out how the usurping of responsibilities among professionals in the construction industry is affecting the professional involved in the industry and the economy of the country.
The following are the objectives:
1 Ascertaining the involvement of each professional in the industry
2 To determine the various problems affecting the professional and their lapses
3 To ascertain areas of usurping of responsibilities among professional in the construction industry
1.2 Scope and Limitation of the Study
The seven professionals in the construction industry in accordance with their various construction and codes of conduct have roles and duties they are to discharge in and outside the industry. But this research work is based on how some of these professionals are performing their duties and the effect of the usurping of responsibility among professional in the industry.
1.3 Methodology of Research
The research will be conducted by survey and extraction of facts from literature, oral interview with various participant in the building industry and sampling of different opinion through the use of questionnaire to be administered by the participants in the industry after which the questionnaires will be analyzed and detailed in the subsequent chapter. | CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
This project is on
An appraisal and re-activation of abandoned building projects. A case study of construction industries in Lagos state. The word abandonment connotes “to give up, especially without finishing” to give up, to leave; depart from or forsake” (Hornby 1974). Abandoned buildings project are therefore projects which have been started and thereafter left without completion to serve the purpose of its initial conception. This investigation or case study into abandoned and re-activation of building projects is limited to the individual and private housing development. Much have been written about abandoned public sector projects some of which have attracted several inquiries, probes and suits.
A number of factors spanning from change of government, privatisation, lack of planning, changes in government policies, effect of market trends, liquidity problems and insolvency to cash flow problems have been identify as causes of abandonment while some other causes are peculiar to private development.
These abandoned housing projects are at various stage of non-completion such as damp proof course level, window cill, lintel level, deck (slabs) or roof level, finishing level e.t.c. The building considered in this write up are those that have been abandoned for over five years. Six uncompleted building in Alimosho and Agege local government areas in Lagos state, Nigeria were investigated. The buildings have been grouped under three periods on relation to the time of abandonment. These periods are:
- those started before and during the creation of Alimosho local government.
- those started but abandoned between 1999-2002
- those started but abandoned between 2003-2005
Statistics of the abandoned project over the given period of time are given below:
Table 1.1: Percentage of private sectors housing projects started but abandoned for the giving periods to date (investigation was carried out between September 1998 to February 1999)
| Project started before 1970 |
Projects started between 1970 and 1980 |
Project started between 1981 and 1990 |
| 6% |
35.33% |
58.67% |
1.1 Need for the Study
According to Builder Jonathan Iruobe (MNIOB) 2001, defines Abandoned project as project once initiated but stopped due to one reason or the other. The construction industry in Nigeria is littered with so many billion of naira worth of uncompleted projects in reckless states of abandonment ranging from roads, public and private buildings. Therefore the need for the study is concerned with the identification of the major cause of project abandonment with a view of proffering solution to re-activate an abandoned building project, in other to obviate or reduce this ugly trend. And also tends to re-build more confidence on people mind towards construction industry since some constructions are found of abandoned projects due to lack of funds.
1.2 Objectives of the Study
The aims of this study are to address the issue of abandoned housing projects with particular reference to Lagos state using application of the neoclassical and institutional analysis. This is because the housing provision system in Nigeria is governed by various institutions such as regulatory policies, planning system, market aspect, financial institution and so on.
Therefore, in other to address the issue of abandoned housing project in Nigeria, one should take into account the perspectives of the market mechanism as well as the institutional aspects. This is because the housing sector as a whole relates to market mechanism based on the demand and supply. While the existence of abandoned project may be caused by the market failure and or the institutional aspects such as formal and informal institutions. The interactions between markets and institution may have caused the existence of abandoned projects.
In achieving the aim of the study, the following objectives are set:
- understand the abandoned project in Nigeria
- identify the institutions affecting housing delivery in Nigeria.
- examine the interrelationship between market and project abandonment.
- to study the impact of abandoned project on the market mechanism
- policy recommendation to avoid the problems of abandoned project.
1.3 Scope and Limitation of Study
The research work shall focus primarily on the abandoned housing/building projects under the category of projects that have been identified as having potential to be revived and those which have been categorised as projects totally abandoned with no chance of revival. To this ends Lagos state has been chosen as a case study. The finding of the study will go a long way in helping most contractors or construction companies to reduce the ugly trend of abandoning some project and also will make clients to understand better reason for the abandonment.
1.4 Significance of the Study
Re-activation of abandoned building is important for better understanding of the construction industry in term of function, finance, improvement in their construction and a very much closer co-ordination of the work of consultant and contractors in construction industry.
The techniques of re-activating an abandoned projects must be well understood by the contractor for effective management and performance of the project. It is anticipated that result or outcome of this study will help the construction industry or contractors to know to handle building projects effectively in order to reduce the ugly trend of abandonment. | Abstract
Prisons are designed to house people who have broken the law. Inmates are locked away for a set period of time and have very limited freedom during their incarceration. Confinement in prison, also known as a correctional facility, is the punishment that courts most commonly impose for serious crimes. Today, Nigeria is facing the problem of insecurity and also the problem of unemployment which increases the rate of crimes committed in this country. The capacity of Lafiagi prison is 34 and presently over 100 prisoners are in it. These issues and more are the reasons why a well designed and functional medium-security prison at Lafiagi is needed to house convict, C.C, ATM, ATF criminals. This project was undertaken by way of a careful selection of some methods. The methods involved are case studies, oral interviews and reviews. | Abstract
Agriculture has been the topmost priority of every successive administration in Nigeria. This is due to the fact that the extent of development of a nation is also measured interims of the quality and quantity of food available to her people. Though the struggle at improving food status has been on course before independence. It reminds us of 1959 when the western government grated agriculture landmark and sent a representative to Israel who brought the form settlement scheme modeled after the Israel Mosheim. As a result, other regional governments embraced the idea and established form settlements in various parts of their region. But due to the discovery of crude oil that led to the temporary abandonment of primary production of food by the government, there was a negative attitude toward farming and rapid pursuit of quick money led to a drastic drop in production, there Nigeria stated importing foods from developed countries which brought a great set back to over economy. The factor that led to the fall of farm facilities such as improper construction of residential, lack of maintains culture. | CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION / BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Caritas University came into existence in 2005.and from inception; the university senate has been within the administrative block which is not quite conducive. The senate building has been adequately provided for in caritas university master plan. This underscores the understanding of the master plan designers of the need for senate building which is a necessity to the university system.
A senate building is basically the administrative sector of the university. It houses the university council and senate chamber and other offices.
1.1 STATEMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL PROBLEMS
In designs, problems are bound to be solved. These includes: creating adequate natural / cross ventilation, circulation / traffic control, achieving aesthetically appealing structure.
The architectural problems arise due to the nature of the design either as its functions, environmental religion, cultural background, etc.
The character of the building also poses a problem
1.2 AIM
Provide caritas university administration a central building within which to function.
Provide a structure that brings into focus the special character of Caritas University.
1.3 OBJECTIVES
To provide conducive and adequate spaces for the university senate and council within which they meet and carry out their functions.
Create a standard structure which stands out physically in the university environment
1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The project shall be based on provision of a central administration building which is the senate building for Caritas university which will accommodate the following; the vice chancellors office, the registry, the planning unit, students affairs department, bursary and general administration.
The senate also houses the senate chamber and the council chamber.
1.5 MOTIVATION
This project was motivated by number of reasons which are very important.
Creating an impressive structure in the perspective of Caritas Campus so as to give a feeling of authority and importance to the university officers and others who are housed in the building.
Movement of files and personnel takes place within the building thereby reducing the working stress of staff.
1.6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This project research involves the use of the following means and sources of obtaining information and data.
Oral interview
Use of case studies
Documentation, analysis and synthesis
Internet / literature review |
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