| Description | ABSTRACT Procurement systems and project organization provide the framework for implementation and development of projects. Procurement systems and project organizations are well studied and established for major developments and in developed countries in particular. When these systems are used in developing countries for major commercial, social and infrastructure developments, appropriate results are seldom achieved. This may be due to a variety of factors, which include systematic, environmental, cultural, economic, legal, political and social cultural amongst others. Notwithstanding this, a major challenge in the establishment of appropriate and sustainable procurement systems and project organizational models for lowcost housing and infrastructure. The proper aims to propose a generic model of procurement system and project organization based on theory and practice as a basis for the implementation and development of lowcost housing. | | | ABSTRACT
This research is on five star hotel in Enugu state Nigeria. This project topic has it genesis in my desire to do an intensive, demanding, but rewarding topic for the thesis project since Enugu state doesn’t have any existing five –star hotel. The emergency of Governor Sullivan chime as the executive is another catalyst for the project. From 2007 till date his government has brought a face life for the state as well as an attendant influx of personnel for both business and state affairs, hence such a will solve the problem of inadequate hotel accommodation, boast potentials for the state and provide an international business connection centre for both local and foreign businessmen. This project topic will meet up with the following, objective such as: assessing the development of hotel industry in Enugu state in particular and Nigeria in general, determining the socio-economic implications of hotel development in Enugu state, it should be capable of catering for national and international gust in their diversity of needs, food, lodging service and recreation, it should also strive to project the rich cultural heritage of Enugu state. In order to achieve these objectives I had to embark upon proper research procedures which are mainly the use of deductive analysis. Some of the procedures include site/field visit, use of semi – standardized interview, literature reviews, questionnaire, face-to-face interviews, consultations from text books, journals and internet facilities. However diligent use of collected. Not minding the time constraint, the researcher was able to complete his work.
The main body of this thesis has six chapters were the following were discussed in details: Hotel Industry case study (Design criteria), principles of Hotel Design, A form of hotel classification, the project itself, and also the design influence having done this a detailed analysis of the project site is carried out. An in depth of study was made to ensure the genuineness of information provided. | | |
| Content | CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
Strategies for the procurement of building projects have not changed significantly in the last 25 years, though time and cost overruns are still prevalent throughout the industry Smith and Love, 2001. In a response to reduce the incidence of time and costs overruns, the disputes that may often arise, and the likelihood of project success, alternative forms of procurement method such as partnering and alliancing have been advocated Love et al. 1998. Not all forms of procurement method, however, are appropriate for particular project types, as client objectives and priorities invariably differ Skitmore and Marsden, 1988; Love et al. 1997. The objectives and priorities of a client need to be matched to a procurement system. To do this effectively, it is essential that the characteristics of various procurement systems and selection methods available are understood by clients and their advisors before a procurement method is selected. In this report, the characteristics of the most common procurement systems and methods are presented. In conjunction with this research work the reader should also refer to the material developed by the New South Wales Government 2005 Procurement Methodology Guidelines for Construction and the Western Australian Department of Housing and Works Local Government Procurement Guide 2006.
1.1 Background of Study
Procurement has been seen to be process of obtaining or buying supplies of something like fixed assets land, building, etc. especially for individual and government.
Therefore, procurement strategies has become a fashionable term with our construction industry, practitioners and researchers determines the overall framework and structure of responsibilities within the process, it is also a key factor contributing to the overall client satisfaction and project success.
Procurement strategies and their application is of important in our construction industry.
However, one must not be carried by which ever method of procurement strategies proposed for a construction project, the major issue is the different types of procurement are contractual obligations, responsibilities and line of communication between the parties. One thing to remember is that whichever method that is used, the statutory duties of the professionals are always distinct and mandatory. Hence the engagement of a builder in the procuring contract is statutorily required and highly recommended whichever procurement strategy that is adopted.
1.2 Statement of Problem
The general aim of study is to ascertain by reviewing, evaluating and identifying how procurement strategies can be applied in our Nigeria construction industry. Therefore, this issue raised the researchers interest to know how procurement strategies can be applied in our construction industry particularly Nigerian economy.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The following list below are the core reason and purpose of this study which will be accomplished by the researcher.
1. To determine what are the procurement strategies;
2. To know its application in our Nigerian construction industry;
3. To know the statutory duties of a builder in construction industry;
4. To know what is construction industry.
1.4 Research Question
The research work is guided with same research question, which will be administered and distributed among the researchers area of study which are the respondents to this research work.
1. What are the procurement strategies
2. Where can they be applied in Nigerian construction industry
3. How can we know the statutory duties of a building in our construction industry
4. What is construction industry
1.5 Statement of Hypothesis
The researcher formed some of the hypothesis which will be tested to support this study. The hypothesis will be tested at 0.05 level of significance using the test method.
The research hypothesis are as follows;
1.H1: The application of conventional procurement strategies is significant to the Nigeria construction industry
H0: The application of conventional procurement strategies is not significant to the Nigeria construction industry
1.6 Signification of the Study
It is hoped that the findings of the study will help the construction industries in Nigeria reflect upon various variables that influence the conventional procurement strategies. In so doing, they could investigate the possibility of introducing those variable to their industries which may consequently lead to reducing the cost.
The findings of this study are therefore expected to provide new knowledge about the factors behind conventional procurement strategies with respect to Nigeria construction industry.
1.7 Justification of the Study
I want to justify this research work based on the objectives and the significance of this research work, what is within its coverage, this research work is with no doubt necessary to be carried out. Because if done will greatly analyze conventional procurement strategies variable and its application to the construction company in Nigeria.
1.8 Scope of the Study
This research work covered a population study of 58 respondents from Enugu, Enugu state. More to that, this research work will be considering the conventional procurement strategies and its application to the construction company. One research hypothesis will be tested in light of the study, a descriptive method of data analysis will be was employed in the study.
1.9 Definition of Terms
Procurement are the procedures used by the procuring entity to acquire goods, services and works.
Negotiation simply refers to the mutual discussion and arrangement of the terms of a transaction or agreement for the purpose of arriving at a common understanding of contract essentials e.g., technical requirements, schedule, prices, and terms. | Abstract
The industrial cluster is not a new phenomenon. It has evolved in a process after passing through number of economic theory developed, starting from location theory in 1976 by ven Thunen, marshal’s industrial district theory (1979), max Weber’s industrial complex theory (1950). The cluster concept has attracted many policy makers, academicians and researchers as a vital strategy for rural development (economic and industrial). Today, the developed and developing economy implementing cluster concept as an instrument for the development of rural small and household industries and also for the development of communities related to these industries. Generally, the cluster concept suggests a change in the units of analysis from isolated firms to a network of firms, which have an advantage of effective local knowledge up-gradation, skill development, empowerment of local community, caste people and innovations | DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF REGIONAL SECRETARIAT BUILDING FOR THE NIA IN ENUGU STATE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of study
Architecture is the practice of building design and its resulting products; customary usage refers to those designs that are customarily significant.
Architecture is to building as literature is to the printed word. More prosaically, one would say today that architecture must satisfy its intended uses, must technically be sound and must convey aesthetic meaning. But the best buildings are often so well-constructed that they outlast their original use. They then survive not only as beautiful objects but as documents of the history of cultures, achievements in architecture that testify to the nature of the society that produced them. Architecture form is inevitably influenced by the technologies applied, but building technology is conservative and knowledgeabout itcumulative. These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals. Architecture is a social art.
In Nigeria, The Nigerian Institute of Architects (NIA), established in 1960, made up of professional architects, is an institution with the objective of promoting the practice of the profession of Architecture in Nigeria. The NIA has in each state of Nigeria a chapter with the aim and objective of setting recommendable standards of architecture, as well as maintaining those standards.
By April 2005, it had over 4000 members in 32 state chapters. It is a non-governmental organization, but performs some statutory functions on behalf of the Architects Registration Council of Nigeria (ARCON) and cooperates with governmental and non-governmental agencies and institutions.
As in every state in Nigeria, there is a chapter of the Nigerian Institute of Architects in Enugu state, which is called the Enugu state chapter of the Nigerian Institute of Architects. The Enugu state chapter of the NIA monitors the practice of the profession of architecture on a regional basis in Enugu state. It serves as an embassy for all individuals practicing the profession of architecture. Most times, the Enugu state chapter of the NIA in collaboration with the Architects Registration Council of Nigeria conducts examinations and may call to arbitrate in cases of dispute on liability.
1.2 Statement of problem
Due to the fact that the Enugu state chapter of the N.I.A has no standard structure which will efficiently aid the architectural body properly organize the practice of the profession in the state, there is need for a building complex which will fully aid the Enugu state chapter of the professional architectural body (The Nigerian Institute of Architects) carry out its mandated obligations such as the mobilization of informal members for quality services and maintenance of the good standards already set.
1.3 Aims
The major aim of this project is to produce a design proposal which is a regional secretariat building for the NIA in Enugu state. This in turn will promote the social image of the NIA in the community, which will concurrently give the profession of architecture in the state a prestigious social status.
1.4 Objectives
The objectives are as follows:
- Assessing the nature of architecture in the community.
- Determining the socio-economic implication of the already available architecture in the community.
- Designing a secretariat building which will comfortably be functional and aesthetically appealing.
- To produce a masterpiece as a design for practicing architects within the community.
- To protect the rich cultural heritage of Enugu state and Nigeria as a whole.
- To serve and aid in making the state a tourist center
1.5 Motivations for the project
This project topic has its genesis in my desire to do an intensive, demanding but rewarding topic for the thesis project.
Due to the emergence of Arc. E.C. Chukwuka as the president of the Nigerian Institute of Architects, there has been a lot of reforms in the NIA. This in turn, from the national headquarters has had a couple of chain reactions in the various 36 chapters all around the nation.
Basically, due to the fact that the Enugu state chapter of the NIA has no secretariat building designed and erected specifically for the soul purpose of its own, I found it necessary for the chapter to have a building of its own, for its private purposes, such as it annual general meetings, executive committee meetings, November-lectures, archi-wives meetings, professional practice examinations and other social activities. There is need for a secretariat building for the Enugu state chapter of the NIA, for the setting and maintenance of the standard of architecture in the community. The architecture of a community, defines its level of civilization.
1.6 Scope of project
A regional secretariat building for the NIA is a focal point for the profession of architecture in the state which it is found. It should be a building where architectural activities such as executive committee meetings, annual meetings, November-lectures, archi-wives meetings, dinners, professional practice examinations and other social activities will be held. It would also serve as recreational center, whereby architects or regular individuals could go to and relax their minds. The space analysis which were obtained from a case study of the Royal Institute of British Architects (a professional body of architects in the United Kingdom). The RIBA is the biggest and oldest architectural body formally setup in the world with the best knowledge and experience in the field of architecture. The spaces are as follows, a large library, exhibition galleries, a large architectural bookshop, a café, a restaurant, lecture theatres and various other rooms hired out for events.
1.7 Limitations of the study encountered
- Scarcity of materials on the chosen thesis topic
- Procuring the proposed site from the NIA chairman (Ennugu state chapter).
- Limited financial power to carry out the case study
- The uncooperative attitude of some architects met for one-on-one interview.
- Bad weather conditions on some days, making it difficult to meet up with some appointments.
However, prudent use has been made of the available information obtained during my time of research.
1.8 Importance of the study
The importances to the student architect are as follows:
- To develop the students understanding about architecture world-wide when he/she embarks on research
- To help the researcher to understand the NIA a lot more.
- To develop the reasoning capability of the researcher when he/she is designing.
- It gives the researcher proper insight into practicing of architecture and other social responsibilities.
1.9 Research methodology
The research procedure used for this thesis was mainly the primary source i.e. through individuals that know a lot about NIA. The secondary sources were mainly the internet and books in the libraries
- The use of semi-standardized interview surveys as were adopted, whereby a schedule of questionnaires were presented to respondents. This was used particularly to understand the NIA. Oral interviews were also used to obtain information on an informal basis.
- Literature reviews- this involves mostly using the internet and also consulting in getting other information that will be of relevance to the thesis project. Some books used were published and others unpublished
| CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
STATEMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL PROBLEMS.
A hotel can be said to wear two faces. The paying customer sees only the “front of the complex” and this must be all he desires- a wish fulfillment, an ago blinder, a status symbol and the promise of great delight.
The “back of the hotel complex “is all that makes things happen. These include the kitchens, stores, service, etc. this area must be laid out with two paramount objectives: control and efficiency. Control is important because pilfering is a real danger while inefficiency results in time wastage and reduction in productivity.
When a guest enters the hotel lobby, he should be over whelmed by a feeling of serenity or enchantment or revulsion, - but never confusion. The registration desk for instance and the elevators should be immediately apparent. The main administrative area usually backs up to the desk. The restaurants, bars and other such spaces should be either visible from or well indicated in the lobby area.,
- The exploitation of the site configuration and characteristics in the location of facilities.
- Circulation (vertical and horizontal), Ie. The problem created by the different directional movements.
- The architecture of the proposed hotel complex must be attractive.
- The design elements must inspire and evoke feelings among the guests.
- The proper grouping and organization of functions in the whole site to arid intrusive noise.
- Provision of adequate parking facilities for both the staff and other users.
1.2 THE PROJECT AIMS
The aim of this project is to produce a design proposal for a five-star hotel development at Emene, Enugu state. Also to attract foreign and local investors to establish part of their business in the state capital (Enugu) and Nigeria as a whole
1.3 THE PROJECT OBJECTIVE
The research will pursue the following objective:
- Assessing the development of the hotel industry in Enugu state in particular and Nigeria in general.
- Determining the socio- economic implications of hotel development in Enugu state.
- Designing a hotel capable of catering for national and international guests in their diversity of needs, food, lodging, services, recreation, etc.
- It should be capable of housing meetings, exhibitions, seminars, connections or business transactions and should meet the internationally accepted standard for five star hotels as much as possible.
- It should strive to project the rich cultural heritage of Enugu state in particular and the Nigeria in general.
- It should solve inadequacy of accommodation supply, since newly created state capitals and increasingly short of accommodation in hotel services.
- It should be able to accommodate those people on small or big business trips with informed taste, who do not like the hustle and bustle of the city center, but rather prefer the reserved atmosphere of a hotel and more freedom from the congested city environment, for instance those on relaxing weekend which may also need a relaxing atmosphere like a hotel.
It should not only help to make the economy of the state grow but also will add as a tourist attraction to the capital city of Enugu and many other factors that cannot be exhausted in this synopsis .
1.4 THE PROJECT MOTIVATION
This project topic has it genesis in my desire to do an intensive, demanding, but rewarding topic for the thesis project.
The emergence of Governor Sullivan Chime as the executive governor of the state from 2007 has brought a face-lift for the state as well as an attendant influx of personnel for both business and state affairs mere catalyst for this project. Such projects will thus solve this problem of inadequate hotel accommodation, boost potentials for the state and provide an international business convection centre for both local and foreign businessmen. It is expected that the commercial cities of Enugu and neighboring Abia will boost its patronage since there is no existing five star hotel in Enugu.
1.5 THE PROJECT SCOPE
This thesis report looks at the universal principles of hotel design and uses this as a foundation for the design of a five-star hotel for Enugu state. The study and analysis of local and international hotels were made and these helped me see the effect of theoretical design principles of life projects.
The project shall be a five- star hotel of international standard. The hotel shall have about 250-300 bedrooms with a high proportion of double bedded guest rooms together with interconnecting suites. The hotel shall be capable of catering for international and national guests in their diversity of needs.
Limitations encountered in the course of the study of this research include:
- Paucity of material on the chosen thesis topic.
- The problem of procuring the government station layout plan at Enugu the capital.
- Transportation and the fee to procure the plan from the plan office.
- The unco-operative attitude of some of the hotel management visited in taking of interior and exterior photographs of their hotel facilities.
- Bad weather conditions an some certain days of visit which did not make for a very good photograph.
- Time factor was also a serious obstacle. The time limit set for the research and preparation of such a complex text not enough for all that needed to be done.
However, diligent use has been made of the available information and collected data. Not minding the time constraint, the researcher was able to complete this work.
1.6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research procedure in this thesis project is mainly deduction analysis- ie, it involved collection of data from the various sources, that are deemed relevant to give me the information needed in this thesis project. Some of these procedures are as follows.
Site \field visits and observation were used directly in matters concerning the analysis of the project site. Photographs were taken in this aspect so as to obtain documented site information that was needed.
The use of semi-standardized interview surveys as was adopted, whereby schedules of questions were presented to respondents. This was used particularly to determine guest profile characteristics and references. Oral interviews we applied also, to obtain necessary information on an informal basis.
Literature review: this involved mostly using the library in getting other information that will be of relevance to the thesis project. Some published and unpublished work was consulted so as to get the necessary data needed for this work.
In order to produce a befitting and sustainable design for the five star hotel, researches were conducted by the use of questionnaires, face-to-face interview. Visiting of similar existing building and consultations from textbooks, journals and internet facilities. | ABSTRACT
The research study is aimed at studying and looking into planning processes in project Management. The study was carried out using structured questionnaires that were given to respondents that were involved in the study.
The study revealed that there are some factors to be considered before embarking on a project which generates the reason for effective planning process in managing a project. The study further revealed that planning processes in project management are very essential and can not be left out. The result obtained at the end of the research buttress that for a more reliable and effective project; planning processes must be used at the inception of a project which, must be done or carried out by competent and experience project manager.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Certification.. iii
Approval Page. iv
Dedication.. v
Acknowledgement vi
Abstractviii
Table of Contents. ix
List of Tables. xi
CHAPTER ONE.. 1
1.0 Introduction.. 1
1.1 Background of the Study. 1
1.2 Objectives of the Study. 2
1.3 Scope of the Study. 3
1.4 Importance of the Study. 4
1.5 Limitation of the Study. 4
1.6 Definition of Terms. 4
CHAPTER TWO.. 6
2.0 Literature Review.. 6
2.1 Management6
2.2 Project Management6
2.3 Project Control Variables. 8
2.4 History of Project Management9
2.5 Planning Processes in Project Management14
2.6 Project Planning. 29
CHAPTER THREE.. 30
3.0 Research Methodology. 30
3.1 Population.. 30
3.2 Sample. 30
3.3 Research Questions. 31
3.4 Instruments/Data Collection Techniques. 31
3.5 Method of Data Analysis. 32
3.6 Problems of Data Collection.. 32
CHAPTER FOUR.. 34
4.0 Analysis and Presentation of Results. 34
4.1 Introduction.. 34
CHAPTER FIVE.. 40
5.0 Conclusion and Recommendation.. 40
5.1 Conclusion.. 40
5.2 Recommendation.. 40
References. 42
Appendix. 43 | ABSTRACT
The researcher in this work focused on the concrete failure as it affects construction projects. Concrete as the name implies, is a mixture of cement, sand, find and coarse aggregates and water, this mixture helps to erect a building structures when failures unifies any structure in terms of collapse and cracks or wearing away, the finishes finishes may be as a result of shoddy workmanship or topography of the land, this can be solved by giving adequate recruitment or orientation to workers, site contractors or sites engineers. It is understood that most structural failures.
Occurs right from the foundation to the walls of the building. It is so because most buildings are constructed on dampy soil areas water lodging areas.
When failures occurs in a structure in terms of soil texture i.e dampy area or places with water, it can be controlled by the use of ready made ground to full the dampy area before excavation and execution of the project commence to minimize structure shrinkage and collapse.
Alkali Silica Reaction is a reaction of amorphous silica chalcedony chert, Siliceous limestone sometimes present in the aggregates with the hydroxyl ions OH from the cement pre silution poorly crystallized silica Sio2 dissolves and dissociates at high PH 12.13,5 in alkaline water
Table of content
Title page
Certification
Declaration
Dedication
Axknowledgemnt
Abstract
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Aims and objectives of the study
1.3 Statement of the problems
1.4 Research questions /hypothesis
1.5 Project Justification
1.6 Scope of the study
1.7 Definition of key terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review
2.1 Structural failures as a result of concrete problems
2.2 Research on the uses of concrete in building construction
2.3 Mixture proportion of concrete aggregates
2.4 Factors responsible for concrete failures
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and methods essential of aggregates Aggregates
3.1 Grading of aggregates
3.2 Water for concrete
3.3 Water for cement ratio
3.4 Placing of concrete and compaction
3.5 Curing of concrete
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Result and Discussion
4.1 Features of good concrete and its types
4.2 Causes of bad concrete
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Summary, Conclusion and recommendation
5.1 Recommendation
References
Appendixes |
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