| Content | Abstract
This project focuses on The impact of human relation in the management of an organization, a case study of Obajana cement factory. The research work tends to highlights the need for managers to have good human relation skills. This is highly needed in the private and public sector offices for satisfaction, productivity and industrial harmony. It is also required for dissemination and safe-guarding of information and in relating with people both in and outside of the organization. For the completion of this study, a well structured questionnaire was prepared and distributed to practicing managers, staff and some other customers in order to obtain necessary information in carrying out the research, text books and lecturer note and personal experience where also used in conducting the study in addition to the questionnaire. The study brought out the fact that a poor human relation from managers has effect on the image of the organization, its productivity and profitability. In order to achieve success therefore, among others it is recommended that manager must relate well with their bosses, colleagues, subordinates and customers/visitors. This should improve the image, create a conducive environment as well as increase the productivity and profitability of the organization. | CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 background of the study
Many authorities have contributed immensely to the success of defining public relations. Some scholars believed and wrote on it as act (deed) representing a group or organization.
Public relations is deliberate planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between an organization and its publics. British institute of public relations (IBPR).
According to Roger Hayward as quoted by Adegoke (2001:1) says that public relations is the propagation of the personality of the organization. This states the importance of communication between the organization and its public. Roger HaywardÕs definition has something to do with the British institute of public RelationÕs (IRPR) definition because both state the duty of public relations officers in promoting, projecting and representing the organization and at the same time relating with the publics of the organization both the internal and external publics. Public relations project the management personality of which the public relations department represents, through their activities with the use of their perspective tools (i.e. print and electronic media).
The aim is to create favorable atmosphere between an organization and its publics.
Sam Lack (1962:62) asserts that public relations involve anything that is focused, improving and enhancing the flow of communication between institution and its publics.
1.2 statement of the problem
This research has observed that in so many organizations, management neither recognize nor appreciate public relations efforts in Nigeria. The management does not realize the public relations activities in building and enhancing a good image for the standard of the organization.
It has been observed that the management attitude is lukewarm and non-challant towards public relations department and their activities. Besides, they donÕt want to spend money on its activities such as organizing seminars workshops, symposium etc. this is because of the errornous and selfish belief to the organization.
Therefore, this study will look at the impact of public relations programmes on the image of business organization, a study of Premier Brewery Onitsha.
1.3 research questions
1. Hw can public relations programme be used in bridging communication gap between organization and its public?
2. What role is public relation programme playing in creating good image for premier Brewery Onitsha?
3. How effective has public relations programmes been to influence the behaviour of their publics?
4. Has public relations programmes been able to create and enhance cordial relationship between the management and workers of Premier Brewery?
5. Does public relations programmes help Premier Brewery during crisis?
1.4 purpose of the study
1. To know how public relations programmes can be used in bringing communication gap between organization and its publics.
2. To study the role of public relations in creating good image for Premier Brewery Onitsha.
3. To examine how effective public relations programmes are in influencing the behaviour of the publics.
4. To study how public relations has been able to create and enhance cordial relationship between the management and workers of Premier Brewery Onitsha
5. To analyze how helpful is public relations programmes to Premier Brewery.
1.5 significance of the study
At the and of this study, the following will benefit from the findings of the study.
Organization: Different organizations will know the benefits of public relations through the result of the findings and how they can use PR for their gain.
Researcher: future researchers who will be researching in the are related to this will find this work relevant.
Students: public relations students and Mass communication students will as well understand the importance of their course of study to the industrial development.
1.6 scope of the study
This study is limited only to the role of public relations programmes on the image of organization. It is also limited to the staff and management of Premier Brewery. Though there are other organizations but because of time and financial constraint this study is limited to this organization.
1.7 limitation of the study
Time: the available time to carry out this study is relatively short, this pose a lot of limitations to the work.
Finance: inadequate finance to travel and browsing for relevant materials is another limitation to the study.
Material: at present there are only few literature materials available on this topic, this is challenging to this work.
1.8 Definition of terms
1. Publics: a group of person with similar aspiration and ideas, interest and characteristics that is of importance to an organization.
2. Public relation: is the deliberate planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between an organization and its publics.
3. Relations: the way in which two people or group behaves towards each other or deal with one another.
4. Organization: A group of people who form a business together in order to achieve a particular aim or a group with a particular purpose. | CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Secretaries are not born but made, although there are people with potentiality of becoming good, effective and efficient secretaries.
Before anybody can be called secretary, he or she must have undergone a certain training which varies from time to time and depends on the level of operation.
During the how period of training, no matter how short or long it takes, it is expected that all the skill and knowledge require of her to be able to discharge her duties effectively must have been acquired.
Having acquired these, the end result is to be able either to impact this skills and knowledge unto others or make the best use of them in various places to reveal and really expose the work of the secretary. After training the secretary either lives up to expectation by matching with the job requirement or fails in her duties. Whatever happens to the performance of secretary after training could be attributed to the quality and quantity of the training to great extent.
There is no doubt; therefore, that training will have effects on the performance of secretaries. But it could be noted however that there are few other factors that contribute to or responsible for the job performance of secretaries.
Notwithstanding, training remains a great contributing factor to the performance of secretaries. If the training is not proper handled, one would not expect a miracle to happen when the secret finds her in the office, she will definitely perform poorly.
On the other hand, a carefully planned and well contributed training programme will yield the amazing result later in life. Therefore, the poor performance is no doubt the result of poor training.
Consequently, a sound training produces excellent result and excellent performances, to which extent these submissions are true will be revealed later in his research work. Before anyone pursues a career, it is essential for her to know the career training requirements to enable her as certain whether she will be able to make a success of training or not.
Many of us do not consider this aspect, we get into career before realizing that we are unable to cope and as a result drop out.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
In most cases, the poor performance as well as excellent performance is attributed to the training so far reduced and skills and experience acquired. At a time, poor or excellent performance of secretaries is attributed to some internal or external factors. It has effects on the organization.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
This study is aimed at finding out the reasons for the training of secretaries and subsequent effect it has on their job performance.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The research will be of great value to secretaries under training and secretaries in general, in order for them to ensure that they acquire the required quality of the training that will enhance their job performance.
It will also help managers to know what is responsible for the poor
Performance of their secretaries.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. What are the effects of training on the performance of secretaries?
2. What other factors affect the performance of secretaries?
3. What is responsible for the poor performance of secretaries?
4. In what ways can the performance of secretaries be improved?
1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY
This research is limited to the Skye Bank Plc, Eruwa.
1.7 DEFINITION OF OPERATIONAL TERMS
For the purpose of this study certain terms are used. In order to ensure that the readers do not give wrong, interpretation to these terms, they are therefore defined and explained to avoid misunderstanding.
Training: it is the process of giving teaching and practice to some body in order to bring him or her to a desired standard of behavior, efficiency or physical condition.
Performance: performance is the result of the action and behavior gotten from training as measured in quality and quantity.
Secretary: A secretary is someone who has undergone certain training in secretarial profession, and obeys all rules and regulations of secretarial practice.
1.8 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Skye bank Plc is a product of the merger of five legacy banks as a result of the banking industry consolidation and recapitalization exercise of 2005. The legacy banks were prudent Bannk Plc, ELB International Plc, Bond Bank Limited and co-operative Bank Plc.
In 2014, in our continuous quest to provide better customer experience, Skye Bank won the bid to acquire the 100 percent ownership stake of Asset management corporation of Nigeria (AMCON) in main street Bank Limited, a deal which make Skye Bank one of the top four Bank in Nigeria. | CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
This project is on Office equipment and their contributions to the success of a business organization(a case study in NNPC, Enugu). Office machines and equipment's being used in business office today have accounted tremendously to the present and provide less fatigue work for secretaries in modern business organization.
The growth of modern business fiends has made it mandatory that all manner of practitioner in business fields should be well informed on the various aspect of office equipment and machinery that are used in daily performance of office functions. the usage of these machines and equipment must be dependent on, various factors namely:- the type of job, how sophisticated the job requiring the machine is, the amount of capital at the disposal of the organization in the purchase of such equipment, the range of equipment at the disposal of the user etc.
There are now, wide variety of modern office equipment which serves secretaries purpose.
Eze (1983) says that the increasing demand of modern industrial, political and social engineering technology have compounded information, expanded unimaginably the scope and depth of human knowledge and rendered the gathering far beyond traditional human labor and tools. To this end, the introduction of a new technology in the form of modern office equipment precipitates change in the nature of office work.
Ajakemo (1995) sated that the tremendous growth of business coupled with their complexities and ever-keener completion among various business organization among others have increased the need for modern office machines and equipment. Today, increasing technological dependence, high volume, information requirements and the importance and value of the human resource have mounted a lot of pressure on the management of most business organization to look elsewhere for shaper tools which not only relievers man from both physical and mental strain but help to enhance productivity.
As industries are growing every day, manual labor alone can no longer contain the requirements of office work requiring high volume data collection, analysis and communication. Beside, some machines prevent fraud like the cheques writing machines and also help to increase efficiency, accuracy, and appearance of documents such as memo, graphs, letters etc. Hence, no office can exist and function effectively without modern office machines and equipment.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
We have been putting forward the argument that for the need of office machines, but it is important that I equally take of the problems associated with secretaries and office equipments and the machines in their places of works.
Secretaries usually perform a variety of tasks requiring different skills. The need to improve the quality of information has are created wide speed interest at present office technology and hence more sophisticate equipment are being used increasing in office.
Obviously growth in size, complexity of business and ever-keener competition of business organizations are mounting a lot of pressure on the management of these organization to look for shaper tools in physical production and in mental work, such as problem recognition, analysis, memory and communication to achieve understanding. Besides, technological advances in office machines and related equipment to meet administrative needs are now progressing with amazing speed.
Secretaries see increase in information technology as a challenge and also as a threat to their job or profession.
This problem and anxiety in the minds of office workers, it is likely to lead to a drastic reduction in production in most office.
Finally, this situation calls for serious policies by management deal with the problem, which psychologically destroys the mental and emotional state of workers.
1.3 PURPOSE OF STUDY
The purpose of this study are:-
1. To identity the contributions of office machines to an organization.
2. To identity the problems associated with modern office equipment.
3. To identity the prospects associated with the use of modern office equipment.
4. To identity what should be considered before purchasing a new machine.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The following questions have been asked as a guide to the questions of the study.
1. What are the contributions of modern equipment to the organization?
2. What are the problems associated with the use of modern office equipment on secretarial staff of NNPC Enugu?
3. What are the prospects of using modern office equipment in an organization?
4. What are the items to be considered before purchasing a new machine?
1.5 DEFINITION OF MODERN OFFICE EQUIPMENT
Modern office equipment is the name given to all the newly invented electronic machines that are being introduced in the offices as a result of additional increase in production. Office equipment includes all terms of machines and furniture that facilitate office operations. | CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background to the Study
Shorthand is a system of rapid handwriting employing symbols to represent words, phrases, and letters. It is a, form, or instance of abbreviated or formulaic reference. It has been described as any system of rapid writing using symbols or shortcuts that can be made quickly to represent letters of the alphabets, words or phrases. Various terms are used for shorthand. One of the terms used is Brachygraphy meaning short writing, from the Greek word meaning short. Stenography meaning narrow or small writing from the
Greek word meaning narrow is another term used for Shorthand. Tachygraphy meaning swift writing from the Greek word meaning swift is also used for Shorthand. Over the years, advancement in office technology and new management styles has brought about changes to the office environment. Secretaries have undergone rapid transformation, moving from working in their age-old traditional role of taking notes in shorthand and transcribing on manual typewriter to new and multiple roles of using electronic, computer and recording devices. According to Norris (2008), the work of secretaries has shifted to a more management/administrative function in addition to their traditional secretarial functions. This is as a result of the introduction and use of new technologies in the office. Secretaries are assuming more and newer responsibilities, and are expected to perform at higher levels of administration and management, with higher remunerations. The traditional secretarial skill of taking notes in shorthand and transcribing on manual typewriter is fading away. Emphases has shifted to storing, editing and retrieving minutes of meetings and correspondences with the use of computer and electronic typewriter due to automated equipment in offices (Akpan, 2000).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Technology has caught up with shorthand in this era. Proponents of automated equipment in offices and the increased use of automated equipment by business executives and secretaries has promoted the assumption that the use of shorthand will be phased out and modern machines and equipment would take over the functions of shorthand writers.
Shorthand candidates have been performing very poorly. Such performance indicates that this much needed skill for our secretaries is not being acquired as required. This poor performance has been noted for several years and the institutions offering the examinations seem not to be putting any effort towards improving the performance.
1.3 Objective of the Study
The major objective of this study was to determine shorthand subject and level of performance of students in Office Technology and Management. The specific objectives were to:
? To determine the ratio of students versus typewriters in training institutions presenting candidates for shorthand examinations.
? To determine students? competencies in writing shorthand at the various stages in training institutions.
1.4 Research Questions
In order to achieve the objectives of the study the following research questions will be answered-:
? Does time allowed for practice affect performance of students taking shorthand in Nigeria Higher Institutions?
? Does erroneous believe of people in general that shorthand is difficult to learning affect the performance of students?
? Would you say that the school has enough equipment for learning shorthand?
? Does lecturer competency influence student?s performance in training institutions in Nigeria?
1.5 Significance of the Study
This study will help to define more clearly the importance of the skill to students of Office Technology and Management, in establishing or the importance of the skill in business today. It will also help to clear some deluding notions already conceived and nurtured by lazy students and at the same time influence students? attitudes to this course.
1.6 Scope of the Study
This study is restricted to Yaba Technology, Yaba, Lagos State (Office technology and Management Department to be precise)
1.7 Operation Definition of Terms
? Performance - refers to accomplishment of a given task measured against preset known standards of accuracy, completeness and speed.
? Poor performance ? refers to performing below expectations.
? Shorthand - A system of rapid handwriting employing symbols to represent words, phrases, and letters.
? Examination - A set of questions or exercises evaluating skills or knowledge.
1.8 Historical Background of the Study
(YABA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, YABA, LAGOS STATE)
Yaba College of Techonology was established in 1947 as a successor of Yaba Higher College. It attained autonomous status in 1969 by virtue of Decree 23 which granted it the mandate to provide full ? time and part ? time courses of instruction and training it technology, applied science, commerce and management, agricultural production and distribution, and for research.
Yaba College of Technology is the first higher institution in Nigeria to establish a centre offers compulsory courses which monitors the quality academic service delivery.
The Applied Research and Technology Innovation (ARTI) unit was established to promote research and linkages with private sector organization for the exploitation and use of research. ARTI also assists to promote linkages between students of Yaba Tech and students of other institutions especially in the era of research. The college has won the Nigeria Polytechnic Games Association five times out of sixteen edition of the competition. The college has a second campus at Epe, this campus is home to the Department of Agricultural Technology and Michael Otedola Information and Communication centre.
Yaba College of Technology has eight schools and thirty ? four academic departments with a total of sixty ? four accredited programmes, across ND, HND and Post ? HND levels. The college also offers certificate courses. | CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Communication is an indispensable administrative tool. It permeates every facets of organization. It is a crucial instrument of social interactions and a medium through which all relationships are established and maintained. Communication is the transmission of common understanding through the use of symbols. The term communication is derived from the Latin word. (Communis), which means ?to share? (Ezezue,2008:65). Sharing denotatively implies ?partaking? ?co-operating? hence it is a social activity, but unless a common understanding results from the transmission of symbols (verbal or non-verbal), there is no communication, (Donnelly, Gibson and Ivancerich, 1984:34). Effective managerial communication is strategic for organizational goal achievement.
Managers who are striving to become better communicators must accomplish two separate tasks first, they must improve their message ? the information they wish to transmit. Second, they must improve their own understanding of what people are trying to communicate to them; they must strive not only to be understood but also to understand others. While an organization has its physical setting, purpose and objectives, organization members have their individual objectives also. All these interplay in organizational setting, creating what we refer to as organizational climates.
However, ineffective communication in an organization may result in uncertainty, apprehension and dissatisfaction, these results to, poor productivity. It is therefore necessary that managers communicate with employees effectively. The extent to which a manager accomplishes corporate goals depends on his ability to communicate effectively (Herich, 2008). The fact remains that many executives still do not understand what communication is and its role in the success of an enterprise (Nnamseh, 2009:114). Effective communication enhances organizational relationship and minimizes strikes and lockouts. Administrative purposes and goals are sometimes defeated when communication is not effective. Wastes and costly mistakes have been made due to gaps in communication. From the above scenario, the need arises for a critical assessment of the role of communication in strategic management of organizations.
Communication is an indispensable function in achieving administrative goals. Getting the message across effectively and having it understood is a prerequisite to progress. There is no point in moving forward if the basic message is lost, or there are barriers in the process. This quickly reminds us of the biblical story of the construction of the Tower of Babel, the execution of which was a total failure because the builders could not communicate among themselves. Business organizations exist for the purpose of achieving predetermined goals and objectives. Actualization of these objectives ultimately requires a manager working with and through people. In this context, communication plays a vital role in the attainment of these goals. Its failure could then be traceable to poor application of communication. Incidentally, some managers do not often realize that communication is the vehicle that drives all the managerial functions. Success or failure of managerial functions depends to a great extent on the role of communication in the organization.
1.2 Statement of Problem
Organization cannot achieve its administrative effectiveness without communication. Communication which is one of the life sources of an organization is very necessary in an organization because without it people cannot interact with each other. For example if the employees in an organization would not know the organizations objectives, they would not strive to achieve the organization?s objectives. The following would also ensure as a result of problems in the communication structure of an organization.
i. The manger would not be able to inform employed of changes.
ii. The managers would not be able to train their worker reports so the worker not poses the skill they need to carry out their jobs.
iii. The employee in the organization would not know what their roles and responsibilities were so they would not be able to carry out their daily tasks and duties
iv. There would be dissatisfied customer?s at a result of poor customer?s service
v. The organization would not be aware of their computers activities.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The major objective of this study is to determine the relevance of communication skill on administrative effectiveness. Other specific objectives include:
a. To evaluate the impact of communication in achieving the administrative effectiveness.
b. To find out the most suitable pattern of communication adopted by the organization.
c. To bring to the fore the barriers to effective communication.
1.4 Research Question
1) Is communication in an organization a necessary instrument for achieving administrative goals?
2) Are the communication modes and principles clearly understood and implemented by the management of Power Holding Company, Dugbe, Ibadan.
3) Can effective communication exist in every organization
4) Is communication the backbone in an organization
1.5 Significance of Study
The significance of the research study is as follows:
i. It provides realistic solutions to the problems or impediments to the development of communication skills in Power Holding Company of Nigeria, Dugbe District, Ibadan.
ii. It exposes the numerous problems or impediments to the development of communication skills in an organization.
iii. It exposes the level of communication in an organization
iv. Since the study exposes the level of communication development in Power Holding Company of Nigeria, Dugbe District, Ibadan, other organization are challenged.
v. It will serve as a guide to further research study
1.6 Scope of the Study
The study ?Relevance of Communication Skill on Administrative Effectiveness? in which Power Holding Company of Nigeria, Dugbe District, Ibadan is a case study area such as communication historical background measuring of communication, principles, introduction development of communication skills in PHCN, Ibadan.
1.7 Definition of Terms
Some of the terms used in this work are listed and defined below:
1. Effectiveness: is the capability of producing a desired result or the ability to produce desired output. When something is deemed effective, it means it has an intended or expected outcome, or produces a deep, vivid impression
2. Communication: The process of conveying information from a sender to a receiver with the use of a medium in which the communicated information is clearly understand the same way by both sender and receiver.
3. Communication Skill: The ability to convey information to another effectively and efficiently. Business managers with good verbal, non-verbal and written communication skills help facilitate the sharing of information between people within a company for its commercial benefit.
4. Effective: Producing a desired or intended result
5. Administrative Effectiveness: it is reasonable to consider whether alternative means exist for achieving the same ends. Control theory holds that organizations require mechanisms of control to ensure that members attend to organizational outcomes
6. Effective Communication: is a communication between two or more persons wherein the intended message is successfully delivered, received and understood.
7. Barrier: An obstacle that prevents communication, movement or access |
Reviews
There are no reviews yet.