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2022 free ond nce undergraduate project topics research works ideas and materials download pdf doc ms word for students in nigeria projects projectslib 68788

2022 FREE OND-NCE Undergraduate Project Topics, Research Works (ideas) and Materials download PDF & DOC (MS WORD) for students in Nigeria | projects | projectslib

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2022 FREE OND-NCE Undergraduate Project Topics, Research Works (ideas) and Materials download PDF & DOC (MS WORD) for students in Nigeria | List of complete OND-NCE (Post Graduate Diploma) research project examples topics and materials download | OND-NCE project format and topics on Business Administration (Admin), social studies, English, Public Administration (Admin), Information Technology, computer science, Journalism, Education, Accounting (accountancy), office technology management (OTM), mass communication, government, public administration (admin), economics, educational foundation, marketing, hospitality & tourism (hospitality management), business management, banking & finance, secretarial studies, estate management, biochemistry, science laboratory technology (SLT), electrical engineering, mathematics and statistics, Library and information science (LIS), Building technology, Purchasing and supply chain management, Linguistics, architecture, Urban and regional planning (URP), Political science, Civil Engineering, Agriculture, Chemistry, Microbiology, Chemical Engineering, Criminology and security studies, Nursing, Adult Education and extra mural studies, marine engineering, OTM, Agribusiness, Science Education, Food science and technology (FST), Mechanical Engineering, Public relations, Health information management (HIM), Quantity Surveying, Sociology, Public Health, Biology, Food and Nutrition | Hire a project writer | Get the best data analysis for Qualitative & Quantitative data, using any package (SPSS, RStudio, eviews, Stata, JMP, OriginPro, GNU Octave, matlab, microsoft excel, Minitab). We also offer plagiarism checker using Turnitin. FREE OND-NCE project format topics and materials pdf download for students in Nigeria

2022 free nce research project topics ideas work and materials download pdf doc ms word for students in nigeria projects projectslib com 68682

2022 FREE NCE research project topics ideas (work) and materials download PDF & DOC (MS WORD) for students in Nigeria | Projects | Projectslib.com

2022 FREE PGD (Post Graduate Diploma) research project topics ideas (work) and materials download PDF & DOC (MS WORD) for students in Nigeria | List of complete PGDE (Post Graduate Diploma) research project examples topics and materials download | PGD project topics in Business Administration (Admin), Public Administration (Admin), Information Technology, computer science, Journalism, Education, Accounting (accountancy), office technology management (OTM), mass communication, government, public administration (admin), economics, educational foundation, marketing, hospitality & tourism (hospitality management), business management, banking & finance, secretarial studies, estate management, biochemistry, science laboratory technology (SLT), electrical engineering, mathematics and statistics, Library and information science (LIS), Building technology, Purchasing and supply chain management, Linguistics, architecture, Urban and regional planning (URP), Political science, Civil Engineering, Agriculture, Chemistry, Microbiology, Chemical Engineering, Criminology and security studies, Nursing, Adult Education and extra mural studies, marine engineering, OTM, Agribusiness, Science Education, Food science and technology (FST), Mechanical Engineering, Public relations, Health information management (HIM), Quantity Surveying, Sociology, Public Health, Biology, Food and Nutrition | Hire a project writer | Get the best data analysis for Qualitative & Quantitative data, using any package (SPSS, RStudio, eviews, Stata, JMP, OriginPro, GNU Octave, matlab, microsoft excel, Minitab). We also offer plagiarism checker using Turnitin. FREE project topics for PGD (Post Graduate Diploma) students pdf in Nigeria

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150px" /><h2>Science Education</h2></a></li> <li><a href="https://projectslib.com/project-category/mechanical-engineering-project-topics-and-materials/"><img width="150" height="150" src="https://projectslib.com/umytiroo/2021/12/MECHENG-150x150.png" alt="Mechanical engineering project topics pdf in Nigeria | projects | projectslib.com" loading="lazy" srcset="https://projectslib.com/umytiroo/2021/12/MECHENG-150x150.png 150w, https://projectslib.com/umytiroo/2021/12/MECHENG-100x100.png 100w, https://projectslib.com/umytiroo/2021/12/MECHENG.png 254w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" /><h2>Mechanical Engineering</h2></a></li> <li><a href="https://projectslib.com/project-category/food-science-technology-topics-and-materials-in-nigeria-pdf/"><img width="150" height="150" src="https://projectslib.com/umytiroo/2021/12/FST-150x150.jpg" alt="Food science and technology (FST) project topics and materials pdf in Nigeria | projects | projectslib.com" loading="lazy" 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/><h2>Biology</h2></a></li> <li><a href="https://projectslib.com/project-category/information-technology-project-topics-and-materials/"><img width="150" height="150" src="https://projectslib.com/umytiroo/2021/12/INFOTECH-150x150.jpg" alt="Information technology project pdf in Nigeria | projects | projectslib.com" loading="lazy" srcset="https://projectslib.com/umytiroo/2021/12/INFOTECH-150x150.jpg 150w, https://projectslib.com/umytiroo/2021/12/INFOTECH-100x100.jpg 100w, https://projectslib.com/umytiroo/2021/12/INFOTECH.jpg 264w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" /><h2>Information Technology</h2></a></li> <li><a href="https://projectslib.com/project-category/food-and-nutrition-project-topics-and-materials/"><img width="150" height="150" src="https://projectslib.com/umytiroo/2021/12/FOODNU-1-150x150.png" alt="Food and nutrition project topics and materials pdf in Nigeria | projects | projectslib.com" loading="lazy" 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srcset="https://projectslib.com/umytiroo/2022/01/ENTRE-150x150.jpg 150w, https://projectslib.com/umytiroo/2022/01/ENTRE-100x100.jpg 100w, https://projectslib.com/umytiroo/2022/01/ENTRE.jpg 254w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" /><h2>Entrepreneurship</h2></a></li> <li><a href="https://projectslib.com/project-category/physical-and-health-education-project-topics-and-materials/"><img width="150" height="150" src="https://projectslib.com/umytiroo/2022/01/PHE-150x150.png" alt="Physical and Health Education Project Topics and Materials pdf in Nigeria | projects | projectslib.com" loading="lazy" srcset="https://projectslib.com/umytiroo/2022/01/PHE-150x150.png 150w, https://projectslib.com/umytiroo/2022/01/PHE-100x100.png 100w, https://projectslib.com/umytiroo/2022/01/PHE.png 254w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" /><h2>Physical Health Education</h2></a></li> <li><a href="https://projectslib.com/project-category/philosophy-project-topics-and-materials-in-nigeria/"><img 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health education as a paradigm to achieving vision 2020 in nigeria nation 65421

Health Education as a paradigm to achieving vision 2020 in Nigeria nation

Health Education as a paradigm to achieving vision 2020 in Nigeria nation

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Approval
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE:        INTRODUCTION
1.1     Background to the Study
1.2     Statement of the Problem
1.3     Purpose of the Study
1.4     Research Questions
1.5     Hypotheses
1.6     Significance of the Study
1.7     Scope of the Study
1.8     Delimitation
1.9     Limitations
1.10   Definition of Terms
CHAPTER TWO:  REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 How vision 2020 Using Health Education can bring
2.2 The all Needed Development
2.3 How the Implementation of Vision 2020 Can Realize the Developmental changes Needed in Nigeria
2.4 The Issue of Security of Lives and Properties
2.5 The Independence of the Judiciary and Good Leadership
CHAPTER THREE:    METHOD OF THE  STUDY
3.1     Research Design
3.2     Population of the Study
3.3     Pilot Testing
3.4     Sample and Sampling Techniques
3.5     Research Instrument
3.6     Validity of the Instrument
3.7     Reliability of the Instrument
3.8     Administration of Instrument
3.9     Method of Data Analysis

CHAPTER FOUR:      DATA PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
4.1     Data Presentation, analysis and Interpretation
4.2     Discussion of Results
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1     Summary
5.2     Conclusion
5.3     Recommendations for further Study
References
Appendix I (Questionnaire)
Appendix II
Appendix III

ABSTRACT
The study deals with students’ awareness to development and health issues that is, Health Education as a paradigm of vision 2020 in Nigeria nation, gotten from the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Health, Environmental Education and Human Kinetics and Computer Science in the University of Benin. The sample consisted of 121 students drawn from three departments, only 110 responded. Data was analyzed in tabular forms using the simple percentage method.  Findings were that the students had knowledge of the theme of the project.  But was a little bit sceptical about the realization of its objectives.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
According to Professor Emmanuel Ofeme, in Owerri, while delivering lecture at the 2nd Sam Okwaraji Memorial Lecture, Published by Chimaobi Uchendu, in the Sun News online sports of Friday, September 19, 2008, he said that unlike vision 2010, which was collaborative in its formulation and comprehensiveness in articulation in scope, Vision 2020 is only a single track, very large organization, but low to change and interest of the people type of development strategy for the national economy of Nigeria, as it is only defined in terms of economy.
This is the financial system strategy (FSS, 2020) model.  Its main focus is to make Nigeria to become among the 20 best developed economics in the World by the Year 2020.
The former Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Governor, Professor Charles Soludo, is the source and author of this great vision 2020, which he recorded in 2007, and has listed educational reforms, among others, as vital to its actualization. In this write-up, the Health Education as a paradigm to the achieving of vision 2020 goals in Nigeria nation, shows the when, what, where and how the knowledge of Health Education can facilitate effectively the achievement of the Vision 2020 goals. And by referring to the National Policy of Education, or objective, Section 1, subsection 4(a), which says that, Education is an instrument for national development, to this end, the formulation of ideas, their integration for national development, and interaction of persons and ideas are all aspects of education. This implies that, the education of a nation will result to a better citizen, made up of individuals who are mostly independent and can contribute, and take decisions to the benefit of their nation, and also themselves.  And a country where people can live effectively and healthy life will be easily developed through given health instruction and education to the people living in it.
According to an extract from the Keynote Address Delivered by Dr. P.S. Dakum, in Nigeria Journal of Health Education (NJHE), Vol. 15, No. 1, 2005, health in relationship to education is crucial to the development and advancement of the Nigeria economy.  For Nigerians, only those who are educated, that can carry on the economical progress of the country.  But to have a sound education for meaningful development, all Nigerians need to be healthy. But, furthermore, according to the reference given above, low level of health will result to low level education.  To buttress home my point, to realize the goals of vision 2020 effectively, through the use of health education, there is need for the government and people of Nigeria to utilize Health Education tools, like access to good roads, building health care centre and providing adequate drugs, and also involving technocrats as administrators in various ministries, etc.

Statement of the Problem
The under-development and impoverished situation of the Nigerian economy, as it is visible in every time siphoning of the nation’s wealth to foreign banks, by incompetent leaders of this country.  Insecurity of lives and properties, gross misconduct and corruption in high places, including among the law enforcement agencies and the police. Bad leadership and other existing unhealthy situation that has crippled the development of this country are the problems to be tackled.

Purpose of the Study
The way, thorough which educating of Nigerians, about their health and other health-related issues, can bring about a high standard of living.  And tremendous advancement of the nation’s economy, to place it among the 20 best economies of the world by the year 2020, is what this project work entails.

Research Questions
1. How can vision 2020 goals using Health Education tools bring the all needed development?
2. Are the vision 2020 goals different from the developmental changes needed in Nigeria?
3. Is the peace of this nation different from the security of lives and properties?
4. Is the independency of the judiciary different from good leadership in Nigeria?

Hypotheses
1. There is no significant difference between attaining vision 2020 goals using Health Education tools and the all needed development.
2. There is no significant difference between vision 2020 goals and the developmental changes needed in Nigeria.
3. There is no significant difference between the peace of this nation and the security of lives and properties.
4. There is no significant difference between the independency of judiciary and good leadership in Nigeria.

Significance of the Study
This project is expected to help us Nigerians adhere to the right norms, to develop a healthy nation.
To acquaint us with the message of vision 2020 developmental strategy and address us with the significance of Health Management, and how to develop Nigeria by the vision 2020 standards, from the health education perspective.
Effective health education in this country, we will agree is capable of bringing about a reform attitude by the government and people of Nigeria to obtain its national objectives.
Since no meaningful development can occur in country filed with rancor, so the well being, safety and security of lives and properties is paramount to cooperative existence, national equity and justice.   The problem of bad and failed leadership has always persisted in Nigeria.
This project work therefore, seeks to suggest the possible route to national economic development.  As all Nigerians will be free in a free and democratic society.  According to the National Philosophy and Policy on Education Section 1, subsection 3(a).  And to the significance of Charles Soludo Vision 2020, education and democracy in Nigeria: vision 2020 by Sadiq A. Abdullahi published 01/23/2007, education provides the best alternative for national stability, security, unity and prosperity.  John Dewey in the same excerpt in the early 20th century believes that “democracy was important not only because it stood for freedom and equality but because of its educational consequences”.

Scope of the Study
This study will cover all health and health related issues to  the development of Nigeria, according to Charles Soludo Vision 2020 plans, to make Nigeria economy among the 20 most developed economy of the world, by year 2020. But the developmental changes needed in Nigeria, which is the key to its economical growth, is envisaged by the research objectives. This developmental strategy which is a paradigm of Charles Soludo’s Vision 2020 strategy is a research which covers the entire Federal Republic of Nigeria. It contains the process of moving Nigeria forward, and the challenges that faces the development of its economy. It contains the importance of Health Education as a communicative subject, necessary for the individual as a person, and also for every individual as a member of the community, for the health appraisals of Nigerians, so that effective development can be carried out, taking into cognizance the welfare of individuals and the entire nation as a single identity.
This research also contains the issue of safety and security of lives and properties, where the incessant crime rate can be effectively reduced.  It also bothers on issue as in finding solution to the leadership problem and how to set in place an independent judiciary in Nigeria, for good leadership.
Using Health Education approach, therefore, the all needed development of Nigeria, like vision 2020 strategic plan, is envisaged by this research, so that, national philosophy, bases of health policies, of making Nigeria according to the national policy on education 2004, a free and democratic society, a just and egalitarian society, a united, strong and self-reliant nation, a great and dynamic economy, and a land full of bright opportunities for all citizens, accomplish the developmental objectives according to 2020, of becoming one of the most 20 developed economy of the world, by the year 2020.

Delimitation
The project was centered mainly on the effect of using Health Education tools in Nigeria to the attainment of vision 2020 developmental objectives. The area of my study covers the Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Health, Environmental Education and Human Kinetics, and Computer Science. And a sample of students in 200 level of the University of Benin would be the main focus.

Limitations
A project of this magnitude cannot be carried out without limitations.
And some of them include inability to get ready made textbooks that contains issues of Vision 2020 developmental strategy and plan.  So materials were mainly gotten from the internet.  And the problem of incompatibility, web log and jam was also encountered.
One of the main hindrances to the efficacy of this project was the issue of time, and financial constraints limited it a great deal.

Definition of Terms
Planning:  An arrangement of things to do in order to achieve something that has been considered in detail, in advance.
Corruption:  Dishonest or illegal behaviors, especially of people in authority.
Leadership:   The ability to be a leader or the qualities a good leader should possess.
Stability:   The quality or state of being steady and not changing.
Organization:    The quality of being arranged in a neat, careful and logical way.
Impoverish:   To make something worse in quality.
Paradigm: A typical example or pattern of something.
Vision 2020:       A strategic plan and dream of putting Nigeria economy among the 20 leading economies of the world by the year 2020, formulated by Professor Charles Soludo.

the effects of office environment on secretarys productivity 64655

THE EFFECTS OF OFFICE ENVIRONMENT ON SECRETARY’S PRODUCTIVITY

THE EFFECTS OF OFFICE ENVIRONMENT ON SECRETARY’S PRODUCTIVITY

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     GENERAL PERSPECTIVE

According to Oxford Advance Learners Dictionary, “environment is defined as the natural conditions in which people, animals and plants lives”.  Environment can also be defined as “all the surrounding things, conditions, and influences affecting the growth or development of living things”.  It is the act or fact of surrounding in other words, environment means the surrounding in which living things live. Therefore, environment for the purpose of this research refers to the office environment.  This type of environment gives secretaries good  working relationship and enhance high productivity.

The secretary’s environment can be divided into two:

1.                 Immediate environment

2.                 Remote environment

–                     Immediate environment:  refers to the secretary’s very office and other offices, of the same organization

–                     The Remote environment:  means the outside environment of the secretary’s office or building that has a negative effect such as, ventilation, noise, temperature, over crowding, cleanliness, lighting, attitude of office colleagues etc.  It is therefore, a prime importance for employers to make environment as conducive as possible for the secretary’s higher productivity which is ultimate goal of any employer.  Creating selection, arrangement, and use of sample physical surrounding chairs, tables, storage, lighting, decorating and other physical element that comprises your personal office are mans of enhancing competences as well as the image of an organization.

In the light of above this research will focuses on the effects of environment on secretary’s productivity, it will look at some of the areas like poor ventilation, lighting, cleanliness, internal noise, heating all these are factors that can affect the productivity of working secretary in an office environment.

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

To determine the extend which the environment factors such as noise, ventilation, lack of enough space in the office and equipment can hinder the performance of secretary in an organization.

1.3     OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

I.       To find out and ascertain the effect of environment condition to the working secretary in an organization.

II.      To encourage the organization to acquire more office automation for effectives efficiency of secretary

III.     To provide organization with mores ideas for a conducive environment for the workers

1.4     RESEARCHER QUESTIONS

i.        Does lack of constant power supply in an office affect the performance of a secretary?

ii.       Does too much noise in an office affect the secretary’s productivity?

iii.      Does an office which is not clean and tidy, brings about low productivity?

iv.      Do stuffy environment causes drowsiness, which in turn produces less accurate work?

1.5     LIMITATION

The research work is limited to the case study that is the Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda.

1.6     DELIMITATION

The study therefore, will highly be concentrated on factors that affect performance of secretaries in the Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda

1.7     SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The research is to identify the importance of office environment, know the effect of environmental condition in the life of working secretary, and also to fulfill the following:

–                     To serve as a criteria or form of reference to secretaries in an organization

–                     To aid students who may wish to conduct research on project that relates to this topic.

1.8     HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE CASE STUDY

The Federal Polytechnic, Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State was formulated, established by the then Executive President of Nigeria Alhaji Shehu Shagari in June 1983 vide a decree no 33 of 25 July 1979 as amended in 1985 with others.  The Polytechnic is situated in Kaura Namoda Local Government that covers an area of 4.98 square kilometers and has a population of 370,367 according to 1991 Population Census figures, among the pioneer local government that was created in 1967.  The objective of the polytechnic is specified in the decree as follows; to provide full time or part time courses as instruction and training in:

1.                 Technology; applied science, commerce and management

2.                 And in such other fields or approved learning relevant to the need of the development in Nigeria in the areas of individual and agricultural production and distribution.

3.                 And for research on the development of adaptation which may from time to time be determined.

4.                 To arrange conference, seminars and the study group relevant to the field of learning.

The polytechnic has two campuses know as “ACADA” which is situated at the northwest of the town, while the “MAIN CAMPUS” is situated along Shinkafi Road, some three kilometers away from the town campus, the polytechnic currently has five schools and these schools are headed by directors.

To perform such other function as opinion of the Council may serve to promote the objective of the polytechnic.  The Rector was in charge of the polytechnic.  The first Rector of the Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda was in person of Alhaji Ja’afar B. Ango (1983 – 1991) Engr. Lugard A. Ahmed is the present Acting Rector of the Polytechnic.  The Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda comprises of five school namely:

1.                 The School of Science and Technology comprises of the department of Science Laboratory Technology, Catering and Hotel Management Food Science Technology, Maths and Statistics and Computer Science.

2.                 School of Environmental Studies comprises of Architectural Technology, Quantity Survey and department of Building Technology

3.                 School of Business and Management Studies it has department of Business Studies, Office Technology and Management, Accountancy, Banking and Finance, Marketing and Public Administration.

4.                 School of Engineering Technology; comprises of Electrical/Electronic Technology, Civil Engineering and Mechanical Engineering Technology.

5.                 School of General Studies; comprises of department of Pre-ND BAM, Science and OTM.

The Polytechnic also runs a Consultancy Unit which is headed by a director and it runs part-times programmes such as certificate courses in Public Account and Audit, Public Administration, Electrical/Electronic Engineering, Computer Science and OTM, while the diploma course in Public Administration, Public Account and Audit, Computer Studies and Islamic Studies respectively.

1.9     DEFINITION OF TERMS

–        Environment:  refers to the physical condition in the working place of a secretary

–        Secretary:  is an employee in the office working as the personal assistant to an executive, dealing with letters, filling, typing and making appointments and arrangement

–        Condition:  refers to present state of health or being physically which may either be good or poor, excellent or perfect.

–        Organization:  organizing a group of people for business purposes.

–        Equipment:  refers to the things needed in the office to enhance the work of a secretary.

–        Furniture:  refers to the thing in the office like table, chairs, wall clock etc.

effects of office environment on secretarys productivity 2 63678

EFFECTS OF OFFICE ENVIRONMENT ON SECRETARY’S PRODUCTIVITY

EFFECTS OF OFFICE ENVIRONMENT ON SECRETARY’S PRODUCTIVITY

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     GENERAL PERSPECTIVE

According to Oxford Advance Learners Dictionary, “environment is defined as the natural conditions in which people, animals and plants lives”.  Environment can also be defined as “all the surrounding things, conditions, and influences affecting the growth or development of living things”.  It is the act or fact of surrounding in other words, environment means the surrounding in which living things live.  Therefore, environment for the purpose of this research refers to the office environment.  This type of environment gives secretaries good  working relationship and enhance high productivity.

The secretary’s environment can be divided into two:

1.                 Immediate environment

2.                 Remote environment

–                     Immediate environment:  refers to the secretary’s very office and other offices, of the same organization

–                     The Remote environment:  means the outside environment of the secretary’s office or building that has a negative effect such as, ventilation, noise, temperature, over crowding, cleanliness, lighting, attitude of office colleagues etc.  It is therefore, a prime importance for employers to make environment as conducive as possible for the secretary’s higher productivity which is ultimate goal of any employer.  Creating selection, arrangement, and use of sample physical surrounding chairs, tables, storage, lighting, decorating and other physical element that comprises your personal office are mans of enhancing competences as well as the image of an organization.

In the light of above this research will focuses on the effects of environment on secretary’s productivity, it will look at some of the areas like poor ventilation, lighting, cleanliness, internal noise, heating all these are factors that can affect the productivity of working secretary in an office environment.

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

To determine the extend which the environment factors such as noise, ventilation, lack of enough space in the office and equipment can hinder the performance of secretary in an organization.

1.3     OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

I.       To find out and ascertain the effect of environment condition to the working secretary in an organization.

II.      To encourage the organization to acquire more office automation for effectives efficiency of secretary

III.     To provide organization with mores ideas for a conducive environment for the workers

1.4     RESEARCHER QUESTIONS

i.        Does lack of constant power supply in an office affect the performance of a secretary?

ii.       Does too much noise in an office affect the secretary’s productivity?

iii.      Does an office which is not clean and tidy, brings about low productivity?

iv.      Do stuffy environment causes drowsiness, which in turn produces less accurate work?

1.5     LIMITATION

The research work is limited to the case study that is the Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda.

1.6     DELIMITATION

The study therefore, will highly be concentrated on factors that affect performance of secretaries in the Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda

1.7     SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The research is to identify the importance of office environment, know the effect of environmental condition in the life of working secretary, and also to fulfill the following:

–                     To serve as a criteria or form of reference to secretaries in an organization

–                     To aid students who may wish to conduct research on project that relates to this topic.

1.8     HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE CASE STUDY

The Federal Polytechnic, Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State was formulated, established by the then Executive President of Nigeria Alhaji Shehu Shagari in June 1983 vide a decree no 33 of 25 July 1979 as amended in 1985 with others.  The Polytechnic is situated in Kaura Namoda Local Government that covers an area of 4.98 square kilometers and has a population of 370,367 according to 1991 Population Census figures, among the pioneer local government that was created in 1967.  The objective of the polytechnic is specified in the decree as follows; to provide full time or part time courses as instruction and training in:

1.                 Technology; applied science, commerce and management

2.                 And in such other fields or approved learning relevant to the need of the development in Nigeria in the areas of individual and agricultural production and distribution.

3.                 And for research on the development of adaptation which may from time to time be determined.

4.                 To arrange conference, seminars and the study group relevant to the field of learning.

The polytechnic has two campuses know as “ACADA” which is situated at the northwest of the town, while the “MAIN CAMPUS” is situated along Shinkafi Road, some three kilometers away from the town campus, the polytechnic currently has five schools and these schools are headed by directors.

To perform such other function as opinion of the Council may serve to promote the objective of the polytechnic.  The Rector was in charge of the polytechnic.  The first Rector of the Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda was in person of Alhaji Ja’afar B. Ango (1983 – 1991) Engr. Lugard A. Ahmed is the present Acting Rector of the Polytechnic.  The Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda comprises of five school namely:

1.                 The School of Science and Technology comprises of the department of Science Laboratory Technology, Catering and Hotel Management Food Science Technology, Maths and Statistics and Computer Science.

2.                 School of Environmental Studies comprises of Architectural Technology, Quantity Survey and department of Building Technology

3.                 School of Business and Management Studies it has department of Business Studies, Office Technology and Management, Accountancy, Banking and Finance, Marketing and Public Administration.

4.                 School of Engineering Technology; comprises of Electrical/Electronic Technology, Civil Engineering and Mechanical Engineering Technology.

5.                 School of General Studies; comprises of department of Pre-ND BAM, Science and OTM.

The Polytechnic also runs a Consultancy Unit which is headed by a director and it runs part-times programmes such as certificate courses in Public Account and Audit, Public Administration, Electrical/Electronic Engineering, Computer Science and OTM, while the diploma course in Public Administration, Public Account and Audit, Computer Studies and Islamic Studies respectively.

1.9     DEFINITION OF TERMS

–        Environment:  refers to the physical condition in the working place of a secretary

–        Secretary:  is an employee in the office working as the personal assistant to an executive, dealing with letters, filling, typing and making appointments and arrangement

–        Condition:  refers to present state of health or being physically which may either be good or poor, excellent or perfect.

–        Organization:  organizing a group of people for business purposes.

–        Equipment:  refers to the things needed in the office to enhance the work of a secretary.

–        Furniture:  refers to the thing in the office like table, chairs, wall clock etc.

effects of office environment on secretarys productivity 63428

EFFECTS OF OFFICE ENVIRONMENT ON SECRETARY’S PRODUCTIVITY

EFFECTS OF OFFICE ENVIRONMENT ON SECRETARY’S PRODUCTIVITY

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     GENERAL PERSPECTIVE

According to Oxford Advance Learners Dictionary, “environment is defined as the natural conditions in which people, animals and plants lives”.  Environment can also be defined as “all the surrounding things, conditions, and influences affecting the growth or development of living things”.  It is the act or fact of surrounding in other words, environment means the surrounding in which living things live.  Therefore, environment for the purpose of this research refers to the office environment.  This type of environment gives secretaries good  working relationship and enhance high productivity.

The secretary’s environment can be divided into two:

1.                 Immediate environment

2.                 Remote environment

–                     Immediate environment:  refers to the secretary’s very office and other offices, of the same organization

–                     The Remote environment:  means the outside environment of the secretary’s office or building that has a negative effect such as, ventilation, noise, temperature, over crowding, cleanliness, lighting, attitude of office colleagues etc.  It is therefore, a prime importance for employers to make environment as conducive as possible for the secretary’s higher productivity which is ultimate goal of any employer.  Creating selection, arrangement, and use of sample physical surrounding chairs, tables, storage, lighting, decorating and other physical element that comprises your personal office are mans of enhancing competences as well as the image of an organization.

In the light of above this research will focuses on the effects of environment on secretary’s productivity, it will look at some of the areas like poor ventilation, lighting, cleanliness, internal noise, heating all these are factors that can affect the productivity of working secretary in an office environment.

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

To determine the extend which the environment factors such as noise, ventilation, lack of enough space in the office and equipment can hinder the performance of secretary in an organization.

1.3     OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

I.       To find out and ascertain the effect of environment condition to the working secretary in an organization.

II.      To encourage the organization to acquire more office automation for effectives efficiency of secretary

III.     To provide organization with mores ideas for a conducive environment for the workers

1.4     RESEARCHER QUESTIONS

i.        Does lack of constant power supply in an office affect the performance of a secretary?

ii.       Does too much noise in an office affect the secretary’s productivity?

iii.      Does an office which is not clean and tidy, brings about low productivity?

iv.      Do stuffy environment causes drowsiness, which in turn produces less accurate work?

1.5     LIMITATION

The research work is limited to the case study that is the Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda.

1.6     DELIMITATION

The study therefore, will highly be concentrated on factors that affect performance of secretaries in the Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda

1.7     SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The research is to identify the importance of office environment, know the effect of environmental condition in the life of working secretary, and also to fulfill the following:

–                     To serve as a criteria or form of reference to secretaries in an organization

–                     To aid students who may wish to conduct research on project that relates to this topic.

1.8     HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE CASE STUDY

The Federal Polytechnic, Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State was formulated, established by the then Executive President of Nigeria Alhaji Shehu Shagari in June 1983 vide a decree no 33 of 25 July 1979 as amended in 1985 with others.  The Polytechnic is situated in Kaura Namoda Local Government that covers an area of 4.98 square kilometers and has a population of 370,367 according to 1991 Population Census figures, among the pioneer local government that was created in 1967.  The objective of the polytechnic is specified in the decree as follows; to provide full time or part time courses as instruction and training in:

1.                 Technology; applied science, commerce and management

2.                 And in such other fields or approved learning relevant to the need of the development in Nigeria in the areas of individual and agricultural production and distribution.

3.                 And for research on the development of adaptation which may from time to time be determined.

4.                 To arrange conference, seminars and the study group relevant to the field of learning.

The polytechnic has two campuses know as “ACADA” which is situated at the northwest of the town, while the “MAIN CAMPUS” is situated along Shinkafi Road, some three kilometers away from the town campus, the polytechnic currently has five schools and these schools are headed by directors.

To perform such other function as opinion of the Council may serve to promote the objective of the polytechnic.  The Rector was in charge of the polytechnic.  The first Rector of the Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda was in person of Alhaji Ja’afar B. Ango (1983 – 1991) Engr. Lugard A. Ahmed is the present Acting Rector of the Polytechnic.  The Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda comprises of five school namely:

1.                 The School of Science and Technology comprises of the department of Science Laboratory Technology, Catering and Hotel Management Food Science Technology, Maths and Statistics and Computer Science.

2.                 School of Environmental Studies comprises of Architectural Technology, Quantity Survey and department of Building Technology

3.                 School of Business and Management Studies it has department of Business Studies, Office Technology and Management, Accountancy, Banking and Finance, Marketing and Public Administration.

4.                 School of Engineering Technology; comprises of Electrical/Electronic Technology, Civil Engineering and Mechanical Engineering Technology.

5.                 School of General Studies; comprises of department of Pre-ND BAM, Science and OTM.

The Polytechnic also runs a Consultancy Unit which is headed by a director and it runs part-times programmes such as certificate courses in Public Account and Audit, Public Administration, Electrical/Electronic Engineering, Computer Science and OTM, while the diploma course in Public Administration, Public Account and Audit, Computer Studies and Islamic Studies respectively.

1.9     DEFINITION OF TERMS

–        Environment:  refers to the physical condition in the working place of a secretary

–        Secretary:  is an employee in the office working as the personal assistant to an executive, dealing with letters, filling, typing and making appointments and arrangement

–        Condition:  refers to present state of health or being physically which may either be good or poor, excellent or perfect.

–        Organization:  organizing a group of people for business purposes.

–        Equipment:  refers to the things needed in the office to enhance the work of a secretary.

–        Furniture:  refers to the thing in the office like table, chairs, wall clock etc.

effect of office environment on secretarys productivity 62804

EFFECT OF OFFICE ENVIRONMENT ON SECRETARY’S PRODUCTIVITY

EFFECT OF OFFICE ENVIRONMENT ON SECRETARY’S PRODUCTIVITY

According to Oxford Advance Learners Dictionary, environment is defined as the natural conditions in which people, animals and plants lives. Environment can also be defined as all the surrounding things, conditions, and influences affecting the growth or development of living things It is the act or fact of surrounding in other words, environment means the surrounding in which living things live.  Therefore, environment for the purpose of this research refers to the office environment. This type of environment gives secretaries good  working relationship and enhance high productivity.
The secretary environment can be divided into two:

  • Immediate environment
  • Remote environment
  • Immediate environment  refers to the secretarys very office and other offices, of the same organization
  • The Remote environment  means the outside environment of the secretarys office or building that has a negative effect such as, ventilation, noise, temperature, over crowding, cleanliness, lighting, attitude of office colleagues etc.  It is therefore, a prime importance for employers to make environment as conducive as possible for the secretary’s higher productivity which is ultimate goal of any employer.  Creating selection, arrangement, and use of sample physical surrounding chairs, tables, storage, lighting, decorating and other physical element that comprises your personal office are mans of enhancing competences as well as the image of an organization.

In the light of above this research will focuses on the effects of environment on secretary’s productivity, it will look at some of the areas like poor ventilation, lighting, cleanliness, internal noise, heating all these are factors that can affect the productivity of working secretary in an office environment.

1.2  STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
To determine the extend which the environment factors such as noise, ventilation, lack of enough space in the office and equipment can hinder the performance of secretary in an organization.

1.3  OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
I.  To find out and ascertain the effect of environment condition to the working secretary in an organization.
II. To encourage the organization to acquire more office automation for effectives efficiency of secretary
III.  To provide organization with mores ideas for a conducive environment for the workers

1.4 RESEARCHER QUESTIONS
i.  Does lack of constant power supply in an office affect the performance of a secretary?
ii. Does too much noise in an office affect the secretary productivity?
iii Does an office which is not clean and tidy, brings about low productivity?
iv.  Do stuffy environment causes drowsiness, which in turn produces less accurate work?

1.5  LIMITATION
The research work is limited to the case study that is the Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda.

1.6  DELIMITATION
The study therefore, will highly be concentrated on factors that affect performance of secretaries in the Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda

1.7  SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The research is to identify the importance of office environment, know the effect of environmental condition in the life of working secretary, and also to fulfill the following:

  • To serve as a criteria or form of reference to secretaries in an organization
  • To aid students who may wish to conduct research on project that relates to this topic.

1.8 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE CASE STUDY
The Federal Polytechnic, Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State was formulated, established by the then Executive President of Nigeria Alhaji Shehu Shagari in June 1983 vide a decree no 33 of 25 July 1979 as amended in 1985 with others.  The Polytechnic is situated in Kaura Namoda Local Government that covers an area of 4.98 square kilometers and has a population of 370,367 according to 1991 Population Census figures, among the pioneer local government that was created in 1967.  The objective of the polytechnic is specified in the decree as follows; to provide full time or part time courses as instruction and training in:

  • Technology; applied science, commerce and management
  • And in such other fields or approved learning relevant to the need of the development in Nigeria in the areas of individual and agricultural production and distribution.
  • And for research on the development of adaptation which may from time to time be determined.
  • To arrange conference, seminars and the study group relevant to the field of learning.

The polytechnic has two campuses know as ACADA which is situated at the northwest of the town, while the MAIN CAMPUS is situated along Shinkafi Road, some three kilometers away from the town campus, the polytechnic currently has five schools and these schools are headed by directors.
To perform such other function as opinion of the Council may serve to promote the objective of the polytechnic. The Rector was in charge of the polytechnic. The first Rector of the Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda was in person of Alhaji Jaafar B. Ango (1983 – 1991) Engr. Lugard A. Ahmed is the present Acting Rector of the Polytechnic. The Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda comprises of five school namely:

  • The School of Science and Technology comprises of the department of Science Laboratory Technology, Catering and Hotel Management Food Science Technology, Maths and Statistics and Computer Science.
  • School of Environmental Studies comprises of Architectural Technology, Quantity Survey and department of Building Technology
  • School of Business and Management Studies it has department of Business Studies, Office Technology and Management, Accountancy, Banking and Finance, Marketing and Public Administration.
  • School of Engineering Technology; comprises of Electrical/Electronic Technology, Civil Engineering and Mechanical Engineering Technology.
  • School of General Studies; comprises of department of Pre-ND BAM, Science and OTM.

The Polytechnic also runs a Consultancy Unit which is headed by a director and it runs part-times programmes such as certificate courses in Public Account and Audit, Public Administration, Electrical/Electronic Engineering, Computer Science and OTM, while the diploma course in Public Administration, Public Account and Audit, Computer Studies and Islamic Studies respectively.

1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
  Environment: refers to the physical condition in the working place of a secretary
–  Secretary: is an employee in the office working as the personal assistant to an executive, dealing with letters, filling, typing and making appointments and arrangement
–  Condition  refers to present state of health or being physically which may either be good or poor, excellent or perfect.
Organization: organizing a group of people for business purposes.
Equipment refers to the things needed in the office to enhance the work of a secretary.
–  Furniture:  refers to the thing in the office like table, chairs, wall clock etc

central bank of nigeria cashless policy and nigeria economy a study of cbn enugu 61659

Central Bank of Nigeria Cashless Policy and Nigeria Economy (A study of CBN Enugu)

Central Bank of Nigeria Cashless Policy and Nigeria Economy (A study of CBN Enugu)

ABSTRACT

This study titled” Central Bank of Nigeria Cashless Policy and Nigeria Economy (A study of CBN Enugu) intends to drive development and modernization our payment system in line with Nigeria’s vision 2020. The study also intends to investigate whether the efficient and modern payment system is positively correlated with economic development. The study also intends to ensure that the key for economic growth is conducive. The study also intends to investigate the reduce cost of banking services (including cost of credit) and drive financial inclusion by providing more efficient transaction options and greater reach. The research work also intends to improve the effectiveness of monetary policy in managing inflation and driving economic growth. The researcher made use of survey method for gathering information after which the following findings were derived; That the development and modernization of our payment system is in line with Nigeria’s vision 2020 goal of being amongst the top 20 economies by the year 2020. That the efficient and modern payment system is positively correlated with economies development that the key for economic growth is conducive that the reduction cost of banking services (including cost of credit) greater reach to Nigeria Economy that the effectiveness of monetary policy in managing inflation and driving economic growth of Nigeria is very active, others include Speedy processing, Accurate Information, On-line Real Time Services, Saving of Cost and Time. Therefore the researcher concludes with the following recommendations tat the Central Bank of Nigeria should develop and modernize our payments system is in line with Nigeria’s vision 2020 goal of being amongst the top 20 economies by the year 2020. That there should be efficient and modern payment system is positively correlated with economies development that Central Bank of Nigeria should establish or makes policies about the key roles for economic growth is conducive. That there  should be a reduction cost of banking services (including cost of credit) and drive financial inclusion by providing more efficient transaction options and greater reach to Nigeria Economy. Finally, that there should be very active effectiveness of monetary policy in managing inflation and driving growth of Nigeria.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1.    Background of the study

It is no longer news that the cashless policy introduced by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has formally taken effect nationwide on July 1, 2014. It is good to know that despite the challenges that characterized the preparation and test run of the scheme in a few selected states, the CBN has gone ahead to implement the policy nationwide. It is believed that the policy implementation will get better as time goes by as it is almost impossible to record a perfect launch anytime in Nigeria.

The scheme which was initially introduced in Lagos in 2011, soon spread and cashless transaction became effective in Abuja and the five states of Abia, Anambra, Kano, Ogun and Rivers in October 2013. On the back of the successes of the scheme observed in these states and the federal capital territory, the Apex bank decided to implements the policy in the remaining thirty states in the country.

Under the policy, CBN pegged withdrawal by individual and corporate accounts at N500,000 and N3million respectively. Charge fees for withdrawal above the limits of individuals and corporate accounts are pegged at 2% and 3% respectively. However ministries, departments and agencies, (MDA), diplomatic missions, embassies, multilateral, aid donor agencies and specialized banks are exempted from the policy penalties and charges are to continue in the seven states where the scheme was earlier launched, the CBN has decided to grant a one year waiver on the applications of withdraw charges in the thirty states set to roll out the policy.

For the proponents of the scheme, the cashless policy if properly implemented should reduce inflation and curtail the illicit act of money laundering in the country. Over time monetary watchers have been of the opinion that a reduction in the huge cash manually transacted in the country could lead to a reduction in inflation rate. Besides, there is the need for the country’s monetary system to fall in line with standard practices obtained across the world which the cashless policy exemplifies.

However, many Nigerians are still doubt over the success of the scheme. For some financial analyst and even laymen, a lot of issues have to be put in place before the much talked about cashless scheme can success in Nigeria.

For some Nigeria, the nationwide launch of the cashless scheme is good its timing is wrong. Some argument that for this policy to be successful, the apex bank needs to embark on a massive enlightenment programme. This is because key business, especially the small scale enterprises seem not to understand yet what the cashless policy is all about.

Indeed, the banks need to organize forums where key stakeholder especially customers would be educated and their fears on the new policy allayed. Enlightenment cannot be overlooked if this scheme must succeed. Though the objectives seemed good, inadequate enlightenment hindered the success of its launch and the actions of those who had not fully understood the benefits of the policy brought this nation to its knees.

In a recent parley with journalists in Lagos, EPPAN’s Chief Executive Officer, Mrs. Onajite Regha did reveal some of the drawbacks to the launch of the cashless scheme ranging from education to infrastructure among others. She said, “a lot of people have heard about the policy but many believe it does not affect them. The people concerned felt very upset about the policy saying it’s a punishment. Like the Timber Association in Sapele, Delta State. This was because they didn’t associate themselves with the merit of operating cash-less which involves inconveniences and safety for the users.

According to Onajite Regha (2013.30) on the challenges faced by the people at the grassroots level, which include, armed robbery, theft, loss of market to sea pirates amongst others, stressing that majority of the people in the hinterland still lack bank accounts because they have apathy towards banks.

Okonkwo M.G (201:56) said that others challenges are the fear of fraud, fear of loosing their phones, fear of ATM scam. During the awareness campaign, it was discovered that many share their Personal Identification Numbers (PIN) with friends, relatives and office assistants with the ignorance of fraud. People were also informed on the new improvement of the CBN to provide a consumer Protection Department, exclusively dedicated to the ash-less policy. The department operates 24 hours per day for complaints and problems regarding the cashless policy.

1.2.     Statement  of the problem

Indeed, the CBN, which initiated the policy about two years ago, informed that it will take the initiative across the country by July 1, with the hope of reducing cash handling by Nigerians and subsequently drive financial inclusion.

This apex bank initiative is expected to enhance the integration of the country’s economy as presently 78.8 per cent of the nation’s rural population is largely unbanked.

The CBN is optimistic that the cash- less policy, when fully implemented will help the financial services industry capture Nigerian`s huge informal economy, which is driven by small scale farmers, traders, craftsmen and other types of small and medium sized business and consequently integrate it into formal economy.

Another major area of concern to many Nigerians is the telecommunications angle. The telecommunication network infrastructure seems not to have capacity to accommodate the envisaged increase in electronic transactions.

About 130millions active subscribers in the country currently grapple with increased drop quality of services, as exemplified by the incessant drop alls, poor voice clarity, network congestion, inconsistency of the billing system, high tariffs, among others, which persist on the networks.

This has become the practice because fraud thrives a great deal in transactions involving cash, but the situation is well checked if the electronic platforms are used. Investigation, however, showed that a lot of store attendants, who try to lure customers to pay cash, do so with the intention to make personal profit from such transactions.

Another issue that must be thoroughly addressed to ensure the success of the scheme is the issue of infrastructure. Infrastructure, no doubt, is a huge challenge for the system already; the human factor is another problem staring the policy and the CBN, in the face.

According to Mr. Femi Adeoti (2014:23) at a recent forum in Lagos, the Chief Executive Officer of Inlaks Computer, revealed that there are only 13,000 Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) spread across the country. This figure according to the financial expert is still very low and could also stand as roadblock for the expansion of the programme. He stressed that poor ATM and PoS terminal penetration, slow mobile money growth, and poor internet connectivity are some of the sore points that have since inception of the initiative reinforced earlier claims by industry stakeholders that the nation is not ripe for a nationwide implementation.

Meanwhile, over 70 percent of the total PoS terminal deployed and connected in Nigeria to drive the cash-less policy in the country are currently inactive. The figure was arrived at following a nationwide audit by the NIBSS of the PoS terminals so far  deployed in the country as at the end of October last year.

On the human angle, investigations have revealed that the non-working state of most PoS terminals is predominately caused by the people who man the terminals.

Investigations have shown that some of these terminals are functional, but for dubious reasons, potential users are discouraged from using them, under the false pretence that they are bad. A good number of stores in the country have these terminals as payment options for customers, but most times people who want to use their electronic cards for payment are discouraged to do so: but are rather advised to pay cash.

1.3.    Objectives of the study

The purpose of this study is to examine the cashless policy, These includes the following;

1.  To drive development and modernization of our payment system in line with Nigeria’s vision 2020 goal of being amongst the top 20 economies by the year 2020.

2.  To investigate whether the efficient and modern payment is positively correlated with economic development.

3.  To ensure that the key for economic growth is conducive.

4.  To investigate the reduce cost of banking services (including cost of credit) and drive financial inclusion by providing more efficient transaction option and greater reach

5.  To improve the effectiveness of monetary policy in managing inflation and driving economic growth and finally, the study will makes some recommendations on how to improve the cashless policy in the Nigeria economy.

1.4.    Research question

The research questions include the following:

1.  Do the development and modernization of our payment system in line with Nigeria’s vision 2020 goal of being amongst the top 20 economics by the year 2020?

2.  Do the efficient and modern payment system positively correlated with economic development?

3.  Do the key for economic growth conducive?

4.  Do the reduction cost of banking services (including cost of credit) and drive financial inclusion by providing more efficient transactions options and greater reach of Nigeria Economy?

5.  Do the effectiveness of monetary policy in managing inflation and driving economic growth of Nigeria active?

1.5.    Research hypotheses 

A)  Ho: The development and modernization of our payment system is not in line with Nigeria’s vision 2020 goal of being amongst the top 20 economies by the year 2020.

Hi: The development and modernization of our payment system is in line with Nigeria’s vision 2020 goal of being amongst the top 20 economies by the year 2020.

B)  Ho: The efficient and modern payment system is not positively correlated with economic development.

Hi: The efficient and modern payment system is positively correlated with economic development.

C)  Ho: The key for economic growth is conducive

Hi: The key for economic growth is not conducive

D)Ho: The reduction cost of banking services (including cost of credit) and drive financial inclusion by providing is not more efficient transaction options and greater reach to Nigeria Economy.

Hi: The reduction cost of banking services (including cost of credit) and drive financial inclusion by providing is not more efficient transaction options and greater reach to Nigeria Economy.

Ho: The effectiveness of monetary policy in managing inflation and driving economic growth of Nigeria is not active

Hi: The effectiveness of monetary policy in managing inflation and driving economic growth of Nigeria is active.

1.6.    Significance of the study

The cashless policy which aims at reducing the dominance of cash in the Nigerian economy specifies charges for individuals and corporate organization that want to withdraw or lodge cash above prescribed threshold just as it encourages the use of electronics payment channels.

Under the policy, the cumulative cash withdrawal or deposit limit for individual accounts was pegged at N500, 000 per day and N3 million per day for corporate accounts.

The policy which commenced in Lagos in 2012 was last July extended to the Federal Capital Territory, Kano, River, Ogun, Abia and Anambra states.

According to the Head, shared Services CBN, Mr. Chidi Umeano, the decision by eth bankers committee to extend the policy was as a result of the success recorded in states where the policy had been implemented. Umeano explained: “From the success we have recorded in those areas” we have decided as an industry to move it to other states in the country.

“In other words, by the July 1, we are going live in all the states of the federation. As you well know, this is a critical part of the payment system modernization and the success registered so far has been very impressive”.

He states that statistics have shown that there had been a significant improvement in electronics banking channels.

Some of the alternatives channels being offered by banks and services providers include; Internet banking, mobile money transfer, Point of sale Terminals (PoS) and the use of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs). In a 2013 Banking Industry Customer Satisfaction Survey, conducted by KPMG professional services Nigeria, which covers more than N14,000 retail customers in 18 states, indicates an increase in ATM usage in the country.

The survey however revealed that amidst the proliferation of channel options, customers wanted banks to remember that convenience should remain a key focus. It also pointed out that cash availability at ATMs was the most important issue for retail customers in 14 of the 18 locations covered. It showed that 93 per cent of retail customers rated quality of services at the ATM as their most important services measure.

1.7.    Delimitation, scope and limitation of the study

It is a widely held view that the pilot phase of the cashless policy of the Central Bank of Nigeria failed due to the several number of challenges facing the policy in Nigeria. But the apex bank has dispelled such opinion, saying the policy recorded successes even as it was suspended. According to the then CBN Governor, Mallam Sanusi Lamido Sanusi, the policy led to a general behavioral change in the way business is conducted in the country.

However, Nigeria’s cashless policy faces several challenges including poor network connectivity and debiting customers’ account twice, high transaction charges, PoS machine malfunctioning and other technical issues. These challenges have discouraged customers and resulted in as low adoption of the cashless policy. Today we shall look into these challenges one after the other   either to agree or disagree in one accord in respect to our previous article stated “Cashless Policy in Nigeria – To be or Not to be”.

Challenges of the Policy Recommendations

1.  Poor Network connectivity and communications Due to vast number of people using the cell-phones Telecos (Telecommunication company) pay more attention to voice clarity services rather than network connectivity. Thus network availability is inconsistent. This makes for slow access to the internet through all mediums other than cell phones. This is because the Telecos make more money on voice than data. People make use of their phone in making calls than in browsing, hence the Telecos put more in creating an adequate platform for clarity of voices services contrary to data usage and connectivity.

Recommendation: The Telecos (Electronics and Computer Science Telecommunication Company) should guarantee network availability and quality at all times. The Federal Government should make a policy that will determine the Telecos to always endeavour to ensure proper and quality availability of Network Services both in Voice and Data Usages.

2.  Infrastructure deficit The financial infrastructure in Nigeria is not adequate to carry the load of a cashless society, ATMs, point of Sales system, kiosks, mobile, web and other mediums have to dramatically expand to touch at least 40% of the whole economy before any meaningful effect can be achieved.

Recommendation: Adequate and well-functioning infrastructure facilities must be in place. More specifically, issue of electricity should be tackled by the government to facilitate the usage of electronic money, individual and collective analysis should be made of the various e-banking channels to determine relative impact on the economy.

3.  Security Recommendation

To prevent theft, armed robbery and miscellaneous habits by Bankers, CBN should work hand in hand with legislatures As its relates to laws that are needed to enforce new methods of transactions and changing culture, the CBN must partner and work with the National Assembly to ensure proper legislation is been formulated. Enforcements of new legislation would be carried by the CBN and all other executive arms that are empowered such as the EFCC. They must commit to training of personnel and the judiciary must be prudent and up to the task.

4.           PoS machine malfunctions and other technical issues

The manufacturer of the PoS machine or the distributions should ensure with adequate hands in the field to make provision for replacement of the Pos machine when necessaries and always available in tacking several technical issues that may result in the machine in course of usage, again fair competition should be allowed in order to prevent monopoly – like behaviour by the licensed PoS manufacturers.

5.  Debiting customers account twice and high transaction charges

Customer may be debited twice in course of transaction while using the ATM’s machine or likely the Pos software malfunctioning caused due to poor communication or signals in the ATM’s machine or likely the PoS software malfunctions.

1.8.    Definitions of terms

CBN:

CBN means Central Bank of Nigeria

This is the central financial body that is charged the responsibility of managing Nigeria money and ensuring economic development.

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