Brilliantng January 31, 2021 0 In

COMPUTERIZATION OF STUDENTEXAMININATION RESULT ( A CASE STUDY OF KOGI STATE POLYTECHNIC, LOKOJA )

ABSTRACT
Computer is an extension of man?s ability to compute. One of the most important characteristics of a computer is its ability to store and process information. This ability of computer is all achieved through programming. In the world today, application software has been assisting various organizations in carrying out their operations successfully and reliably. Manual examination recording has been a problem to many institutions of higher learning like Kogi State Polytechnics, Lokoja using Computer Science Department as a sample for the research work. The effort made so far towards overcoming this problem by the manual system have been sabotage by error and abuse of different kinds, this and many other difficulties involved have prompted a curious attention towards Computerization of student examination result system at a every level of education, because it reduce cost and time, increase accessibility of information on students examination and proper recording.

Brilliantng January 31, 2021 0 In

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPUTERIZED DOCUMENTATION SYSTEM OF COURT PROCEEDINGS A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL HIGH COURT ENUGU STATE

ABSTRACT
As the complexity and degrees of crimes widen, system using new technology will have to be utilized to aid lawyers etc to fight this tends.
Justice is to deal with somebody properly in an appropriate manner, fair and right treatment. Everybody earnestly desires it in all cases, court proceedings pertaining justice requires almost accuracy.
The aim behind the design of this software it to model a computerized documentation system of court proceedings in handling cases.

Brilliantng April 28, 2021 0 In

PREDICTING STUDENT PERFORMANCE USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK A STUDY OF FOUNTAIN UNIVERSITY STUDENT

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This research is on predicting student performance using artificial neural network a study of fountain university student. During the last few years, the application of artificial intelligence in education has grown exponentially, spurred by the fact that it allows us to discover new, interesting and useful knowledge about students. Educational data mining (EDM) is an emerging discipline, concerned with developing methods for exploring the unique types of data that come from educational context. While traditional database queries can only answer questions such as ”find the students who failed the examinations”, data mining can provide answers to more abstract questions like ”find the students who will possibly succeed the examinations”. One of the key areas of the application of EDM is the development of student models that would predict student characteristics or performances in their educational institutions. Hence, researchers have begun to investigate various data mining methods to help educators to evaluate and improve the structure of their course context.

The main objective of the admission system is to determine candidates who would likely do well in the university or can perform well within the academic year or to produce students of high grade and intelligence. The quality of candidates admitted into any higher institution affects the level of research and training within the institution, and by extension, has an overall effect on the development of the country itself, as these candidates eventually become key players in the affairs of the country in all sectors of the economy.

Recently, however, there has been a noticeable slide in the quality of graduates of some Nigerian universities. The inadequacies of the present university admission system, among other factors, have been blamed for this decline. Due to the increasing gap between the numbers students seeking admission and the total available admission slots, there has been a corresponding increased pressure on the process. This pressure has lead to rampant cases of admission fraud and related problems.

In Nigeria, students are required to enter secondary school after spending a minimum of six years of Primary Education and passing a prescribed National Common Entrance Examination. A student then spends a minimum period of six years in Secondary School at the end of which he or she takes the General Certificate of Education Examination (GCE), also known as the Senior Secondary Certificate Examination (SSCE) or the Ordinary Level Exams. A maximum of nine and a minimum of seven subjects are registered for in the examination with Mathematics and English Language being compulsory. Nine possible grades are obtainable for each subject; these are A1, A2, A3 (distinctions grades) C4, C5, C6, (credit grades), P7, P8 (pass grades), and F9 (Failure).

Hence this study takes an engineering approach to tackling the problem of admissions by seeking ways to make the process more effective and efficient. Specifically the study seeks to explore the possibility of using an Artificial Neural Network model to predict the performance of a student before admitting the student.

Intuitively one expects the performance of a student to be a function of some number of factors (parameters) relating to the background and intelligence of said student. It is however obvious that it will be quite difficult finding an analytical (or a mathematical) model that may acceptably model this performance/factors relationship. However one practical approach for predicting the performance of a student may be by ‘extrapolating’ from historical data of past students’ background and their associated performances.

The drawback here is the difficulty of selecting an appropriate function capable of capturing all forms of data relationships as well as automatically modifying output in case of additional information, because the performance of a candidate is influenced by a number of factors, and this influence/relationship is not likely going to be any simple known regression model.

An artificial neural network, which imitates the human brain in problem solving, is a more general approach that can handle this type of problem. Hence, our attempt to build an adaptive system such as the Artificial Neural Network to predict the performance of a candidate based on the effect of these factors.

The results of this prediction can also be used by instructors to specify the most suitable teaching actions for each group of students, and provide them with further assistance tailored to their needs. In addition, the prediction results may help students develop a good understanding of how well or how poorly they would perform, and then develop a suitable learning strategy. Accurate prediction of student achievement is one way to enhance the quality of education and provide better educational services (Romero and Ventura, 2007). Different approaches have been applied to predicting student academic performance, including traditional mathematical models and modern data mining techniques. In these approaches, a set of mathematical formulas was used to describe the quantitative relationships between outputs and inputs (i.e., predictor variables). The prediction is accurate if the error between the predicted and actual values is within a small range

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH

In machine learning and cognitive science, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are a family of statistical learning models inspired by biological neural networks (the central nervous systems of animals, in particular the brain) and are used to estimate or approximate functions that can depend on a large number of inputs and are generally unknown. Artificial neural networks are generally presented as systems of interconnected “neurons” which exchange messages between each other. The connections have numeric weights that can be tuned based on experience, making neural nets adaptive to inputs and capable of learning. For example, a neural network for handwriting recognition is defined by a set of input neurons which may be activated by the pixels of an input image. After being weighted and transformed by a function (determined by the network’s designer), the activations of these neurons are then passed on to other neurons. This process is repeated until finally, an output neuron is activated. This determines which character was read.

The artificial neural network (ANN), a soft computing technique, has been successfully applied in different fields of science, such as pattern recognition, fault diagnosis, forecasting and prediction. However, as far as we are aware, not much research on predicting student academic performance takes advantage of artificial neural network. Kanakana and Olanrewaju (2001) utilized a multilayer perception neural network to predict student performance. They used the average point scores of grade 12 students as inputs and the first year college results as output. The research showed that an artificial neural network based model is able to predict student performance in the first semester with high accuracy. A multiple feed-forward neural network was proposed to predict the studentsâ€™ final achievement and to classify them into two groups. In their work, a student achievement prediction method was applied to a 10-week course. The results showed that accurate prediction is possible at an early stage, and more specifically at the third week of the 10-week course.

Advising students on their class performance and motivating them in order to improve on their performance is an integral part of every instruction. The mechanisms to achieve the above aim required a technique capable of accurately predicting student achievement as early as possible and cluster them for better academic assistance. According to Lykourentzou et al, (2009), student-achievement prediction can help identify the weak learners and properly assist them to cope with their academic pursuit. Several methods and systems have been developed for the above task, most of which are artificial intelligence-based. For instance, Lykourentzou et al., (2009) estimated the final grades of students in e-learning courses with multiple feed-forward neural networks using multiple-choice test data of students of National Technical University of Athens, Greece as input. The results obtained shows that ANN is 91.2% efficient. Junemann, Lagos, and Arriagada (2007) used neural networks to predict future student schooling performance based on students’ family, social, and wealth characteristics. The aforementioned work focused on predicting the achievement of 15-year-old secondary students on reading, mathematics and science subjects in Berlin.

In the Nigeria context, Oladokun, Adebanjo & Charles-Owaba (2008) applied multilayer perceptron neural network for predicting the likely performance of candidates being considered for admission into Engineering Course of the University of Ibadan using various influencing factors such as ordinary level subjects’ scores, matriculation exam scores, age on admission, parental background etc., as input variables. The results showed that ANN model is able to correctly predict the performance of more than 70% of prospective students.

However, Abass et al., (2011) applied another technique of Artificial Intelligence (AI) i.e., case-base reasoning (CBR) to predict student academic performance based on the previous datasets using 20 students in the Department of Computer Science, TASUED as the study domain. The high correlation coefficient observed between the actual graduating CGPA and the CBR predicted ones also justify the usefulness and effectiveness of AI techniques in this type of task.

In this research work, Artificial Neural Network is used to estimate students’ final grade in the university with a prediction level of 92%.

1.2 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

Looking into the institution this days, you will discover that 48% of the student are actually performing very low on their academic level, whom if asked to defend his admission status cannot (i.e. sitting for the attitude test), when proper investigation is carried out, findings shows that most of them have their way into the school through bribe or the so called upper hand. Also another issue or problem for this research work is that some of the applied candidates, some are actually sound and capable of performing well when admitted, but because of some factors at the moment or surrounding the student, prevent the student from obtaining or securing his admission into the school. With this little problem I seek to develop a neural network system an artificial one that will solve this problem. Coupled with the stress gone through during the admission and delay in the process that ends up not being done perfect to the standard required.

The observed poor academic performance of some Nigerian students (tertiary and secondary) in recent times has been partly traced to inadequacies of the National University Admission Examination System. It has become obvious that the present process is not adequate for selecting potentially good students. Hence there is the need to improve on the sophistication of the entire system in order to preserve the high integrity and quality. It should be noted that this feeling of uneasiness of stakeholders about the traditional admission system, which is not peculiar to Nigeria, has been an age long and global problem. Kenneth Mellamby (1956) observed that universities worldwide are not really satisfied by the methods used for selecting undergraduates. While admission processes in many developed countries has benefited from, and has been enhanced by, various advances in information science and technology, the Nigerian system has yet to take full advantage of these new tools and technology. Hence this study takes an scientific approach to tackling the problem of admissions by seeking ways to make the process more effective and efficient. Specifically the study seeks to explore the possibility of using an Artificial Neural Network model to predict the performance of a student before admitting the student.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The primary aim of my research work is to develop an artificial neural network system that will be capable of predicting student performance.

Some other objectives which I will be covering in this research work are as follows:

A system that will enhance the admission process of this institution in terms of admitting the right student into the institution.
An easy and friendly user interface ANNs which will allow fast operation and analysis of student output.
To determine some suitable factors that affect a student’s performance.
To model an artificial neural network that can be used to predict a candidate’s performance based on given pre requirement data given to it.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will educate on the design and implementation of Artificial Neural Network. It will also educate on how Artificial Neural Network can be used in predicting student’s academic performance.

This research will also serve as a resource base to other scholars and researchers interested in carrying out further research in this field subsequently, if applied will go to an extent to provide new explanation to the topic

Also the system is essential to be developed and implemented in this institution, its significant will promote the image of this university, help the institution in making the proper decision as to whom to admit or knowing ones capability and performance, implementing this system will encourage any applicant to study in the best atmosphere so as to bring the best out of him before seeking for admission into this institution. The chances of frauds, briberies and corruption will be reduce ass each student will be tested be the system and not human. The new system saves and reduce cost of carrying admission test or grading student performance.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The research is limited or only covers on the use of artificial neural network in predicting student performance on their academic using fountain university Ogun State Nigeria. Also, the simulation of the artificial neural network will be done using a data of five years period and learning skills.

1.6 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

During the course of performing/researching this project work, the researcher encountered a lot of challenges as well as opposition which ranges from financial constraints, time factor, sourcing of material etc. this factors in their own ways, slowed down the speedy progress of this work that resulted to the researcher not being able to finish the research work on time as is required

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS

NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION: A nonprofit organization or organization surplus income to the organization’s shareholders

Brilliantng April 26, 2021 0 In

EVALUATION OF LOAD BALANCING ALGORITHMS AND INTERNET TRAFFIC MODELING FOR PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

C H A P T E R ONE

INTRODUCTION

This research is on Load Balancing and Internet traffic modeling are presented in this thesis.

Load Balancing is a form of system performance evaluation, analysis and optimization, which attempts to distribute a number of logical processes across a network of processing elements. There have been many algorithms and techniques that have been developed and studied for improving system performance. In early research in the field of

computer science, the main focus for improving performance was to develop algorithms and techniques to optimize the use of systems with limited and expensive resources for scientific computing and information systems. Later, there was an emphasis on how to network groups of computers or workstations and then share the resources among workgroups.

More recently there has been a tremendous increase in the popularity of the Internet as a system for sharing and gathering information. The use of the Internet has been increasing at a tremendous rate and there always has been a concern among those in the Internet community that enough resources will be available to provide the expected quality of service that is received by its users.

The process of balancing, sharing, scheduling or distributing work using a network of computers or a system of multiple processing elements is a widely studied subject. This paper will focus on recent works that have been written regarding todays computing environments.

In this thesis, we will look at the art of load balancing and how it can be applied to distributed networks and more specifically the Internet. Initially, the focus of the research for this thesis was on development and analysis of algorithms that minimized the amount of messaging or probing that is required for determining the current workload of a set of processing elements, such as a group of replicated web servers. These algorithms were to compare stochastic based methods of estimating server workloads, with more intrusive methods of messaging and probing. During the process of developing the simulator to be used for evaluating the algorithms in this study, tasks related to modeling network workloads, and the workloads related to the Internet in particular, were identified to be crucial to the research in this area and as a result of this effort, network modeling has become a significant portion of this thesis.

The thesis is divided into the following chapters. Chapter 2 will discuss the concepts and research related to the subject of Load Balancing. Chapter 3 will discuss the issues related to modeling network traffic and in particular Internet traffic. Chapter 4 describes the Network Simulator used to evaluate the load balancing algorithms. Chapter 5 is the Experimental Design of the network simulations, and Chapter 6 will discuss the results of the experimental simulations. Finally, Chapter 7 will discuss the conclusions based upon the experiments performed in this study.

Finally, in addition to the goals already mentioned, it is the hope of the author that this research can be used as a reference for the continued study in the areas of network performance evaluation, modeling and simulation.

Brilliantng April 25, 2021 0 In

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIAL NETWORK SITE CASE STUDY OF CARITAS UNIVERSITY

CHAPTER ONE

1.1INTRODUCTION

Social life in most of our University is diminishing because of some factor. These limitations of social life have affected some of the students not to know how to relate in the outside world. In UNN University socialism is a problem. In building a social network website for the University will make the University to solve the problem of the anti socialism. A social network is a social structure made up of individuals or organizations called nodes, which are tied connected by one or more specific types of interdependency, such as friendship, kinship, common interest, financial exchange, dislike, or relationships of beliefs, knowledge or prestige.

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

UNN University is made up of four 4 faculties namely:

1. Engineering with the following departments: Computer, Mechanical, Chemical and Electrical and Electronic Engineering.

2. Environmental with the following departments: Architecture, Urban amp; Regional Planning and Estate Management.

3. Management and Social Sciences with the following departments: Accountancy, Economics, Business Administration, Public Administration, Political Science, Industrial Relation and Personnel Management, Mass Communication, Marketing, Banking and Finance.

4. Natural Sciences with the following departments: Biochemistry, Computer Science amp; Information Technology, Industrial Chemistry, Mathematics amp; Statistics and Microbiology amp; Biotechnology.

In Universities like UNN, the need for automated method of keeping data has been there. Software, so many of them has been developed and even sold worldwide to solve this problem. I have analyzed these software and discovered that very many of them are inefficient. Students as well has researched and developed their own software but they could not give or develop error free software that will assist in result generation, automated course registration to keep or build a database of results in the University that will facilitate students transcripts.

This problem has been delaying or delayed the results of graduating or graduated students that has made some of them not to go for youth service when they ought to or ought to have gone and has even made some not to have gone at all. To bridge this gap or solve this problem, there is a need to develop software that is accurate, error free as the problem has imposed so much stress on both exams and record and the management in Universities.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main objectives of the study are UNN Social Network while the subsidiary objectives are:

i. To Effectively and efficiently communication of staff and student online

ii. To Reduce pressure on seminars by introducing online seminar

iii. To Enhance the University document management

iv. To Reduce queue in seeing of lecturers and head of departments

v. To Reduce anti Socialism

vi. To Creation of educative groups online to enhance learning

vii. To Forming reading partners online

viii. To Making new friends online

ix. To Boasting the image of the school

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this study is centered on designing and automated and webbased application for student online communication and reduction of anti socialism. The system is strictly based on students, management and lecturers communication and online seminars and suggestion and specially for making of friends.

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Viewing critically the inefficiencies in the social life of student relationship presently in UNN University, Amorji Nike Enugu, the need to develop and implement online social network website that will handle such inefficiencies cannot be over emphasized.

1.6 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

Constraints of time and resources are the factors, which prevented the implementation of this system hosted online.

1.7 DEFINITION OFTERMS/VARIABLES

Computerized: Convert to computer based system to install or start using a computer system to organize, control, or automate something.

Processing: To deal with somebody or something according to an established procedure

Communication: Interaction between two or more person or sending of message from one place to another

Online: Connected via computer attached to or available via a central computer or computer network.

System: Setof computer components i.e. in assembly of computer Hardware, Software and peripherals functioning together.

Automation: Thereplacement of human workers by technology; A system in which a workplace or process has been converted to one that replaced or ministries human labour with electronic or mechanical equipment.

Web: A complex structure, or design www: computerbased network of information resources that combines text and multimedia. The information on the www can be accessing and search through the internet, a global computer network.

Database: Any collection of data organized for storage in a computer memory and designed for easy access by authorized users.

Database Update: This simply means applying and maintaining changes on a database after data must have been added, removed or modified

System Administrator: This is a person responsible for maintaining and operating a computer system.

PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor the name is a recursive acronym is a widely used, generalpurpose scripting language that was originally designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages.: Hypertext Preprocessor is the code used to link the database to the interface of the website, it is a server code.

Apache: It is the server used for designing php, python pages.

SQL: Structured query language, it is a code used to query or insert records in a database.

MySQL is a relational database management system RDBMS that runs as a server providing multiuser access to a number of databases.

PhpMyAdmin: is an open source tool written in PHP intended to handle the administration of MySQL over the World Wide Web.

CSS:Cascading Style Sheet is a programming language used in the graphics and fine tuning of the website

SwishMax: It is animation software used in doing all the animations in the website.

Macromedia Dreamweaver: It is the software used in organizing the website.

Macromedia Fireworks: It is the software used to create or the graphics and images in the website.

Brilliantng February 1, 2021 0 In

A STUDY OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN TEACHERS GENDER AND STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN ECONOMICS IN SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN LAGOS STATE

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the study
Gender gaps in educational outcomes are now a matter of growing concern to educational researchers today. Boys are increasingly less likely than girls to attend university and to receive a bachelor?s degree. Meanwhile, female undergraduates continue to be under-represented in such technical fields as engineering and computer science. One popular, if controversial, response to these patterns has been a renewed push for single-sex education – an effort that has drawn support from across political divides (Dee, 2006).

Regardless of the academic subject, boys, according to Dee (2006) are two to three times more likely than girls to be seen as disruptive, inattentive, and unlikely to complete their homework. However, how boys and girls view academic subjects vary across subjects in ways that parallel the gender gaps in subject test scores. For example, girls are more likely than boys to report that they are afraid to ask questions in Mathematics, Science, and Social Sciences. They are also less likely to look forward to these classes or to see them as useful for their future. Meanwhile, boys, as compared to girls, register more negative perceptions of English class.

But while boys and girls may exhibit different behaviours and prefer different subjects, Dee (2006) noted that it is not quite the same thing as having a different experience because of the gender of the teacher. The critical question here, therefore, is: Are there any evidences that teachers relate better to students whose gender they share or vice versa? According to Dee (2006), significant patterns can be detected within the United States National Educational Longitudinal Studies (NELS) data survey. He noted that when a class is headed by a woman, boys are more likely to be seen as disruptive, while girls are less likely to be seen as either disruptive or inattentive. Besides, when taught by a man, girls are more likely to report that they did not look forward to the subject, that it is not useful for their future, or that they are afraid to ask questions. The above situation is noted by Dee to be strongest in Science, where students? report indicates that female science teachers are far more effective in promoting girls? engagement with those fields of study.

Boys also have fewer positive reactions to their academic subject when taught by an opposite gender teacher. In particular, when taught by a female teacher, boys are more likely to report that they do not look forward to the subject (i.e. loose interest in the subject or find it less intriguing).

Besides, gender differences are obvious from birth and children are socialized very-early into appropriate sex-type occupation (Azikiwe 1993). Gender according to the United Nations (UN) definition as adopted by the Fourth World Conference on Women (F.M.C.W) 1996 in Beijing China is ?Man and Woman? and this definition applies to this study. Green (1979) reveals that culture and tradition have assigned occupations to males and females in the society, thus each sex is straightjacket in areas considered exclusive for it. For instance, women traditionally are expected to be employed in such areas as nursing and teaching.

Also, in the Nigeria?s Pre-colonial traditional society before the advent of western education, indigenous education of children is polarized between the sexes according to their future roles in the society.

Fafunwa (1974) captures this trend through his explanation that boys received rigorous training on the farm under the instruction of their fathers, while girls underwent training at home in child care food preparation and so on under strict supervision of their mothers. Not too long ago in these times of formal western education in Nigeria, a dichotomy existed strictly in the kind of vocations pursued by boys and girls, perhaps as carryover effects. Emeyeonu (1994:125) properly described this situation by stating that girls were not supposed to go into Engineering, Law, and Medicine but should go into professions like teaching and nursing. He went further to assert that:
?A female student applying to study mechanical engineering is look down upon as an oddity and an exception to the role and perhaps should have her head examined. Girls were supposed to do Arts, Education and Home Economics. Unfortunately, most young Nigeria girls aspiring for higher studies have come to believe this myth and have approached their choice of careers with diffidence and timidity?.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The majority of arguments of single-sex schools and classrooms focused not only on the effects of gender on interactions among students, but also on the need to increase the number of students with teachers of the same gender (Krieg, 2005).

Besides, researchers like Meece (1987), Hopf and Hatzichristou (1999), Rodriguez (2002), and Etaugh and Hughes (1975) have found that (i) teachers interact differently with students of similar gender than they do with students of opposite gender, and (ii) that a teacher?s perception of student?s characteristics and abilities varies systematically by gender. Other studies according to Krieg (2005) found that male students benefit at the expense of female students in the amount and quality of interaction received from teachers of both genders. Consequently, the arising questions here are: Is there any relationship between Economics teachers? gender and their attitude to teaching Economics? What relationship does Economics teachers? gender have with the quantity of class and home works given to students in Economics? Is there any relationship between Economics teachers? gender and students? performance in Economics? This study therefore attempts to find answers to the above posers through examining the correlation between teachers? gender and students? academic performance in Economics.

1.3 Purpose of the Study
The objectives of this study will be to:
(i) determine whether the teachers? gender impacts his or her relationship with the respective students;
(ii) ascertain whether there is any relationship between the teachers? gender and the quantity and quality of class and home works given to students;
(iii) determine whether there is any relationship between the teachers? gender and students? performance; and
(iv) ascertain whether teachers? gender has any relationship with their attitude to teaching.

1.4 Research Questions
These questions will be adduced to guide the study.
(i) Is there any relationship between the teachers? gender and their attitude to teaching?
(ii) What relationship has teachers? gender with the quantity of class and home works given to students?
(iii) Is there any relationship between teachers? gender and students? academic performance?
(iv) Does the teachers? gender impact their relationship with their respective students?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
The following research hypotheses will be stated and tested during the study.
(i) There is no relationship between the teachers? gender and their attitude to teaching economics
(ii) There is no relationship between the teachers? gender and the quantity of class and home works given to students in economics
(iii) There is no relationship between teachers? gender and students? academic performance in economics
(iv) Teachers? gender does not impact their relationship with the respective students

1.6 Significance of the Study
This study would be significant for its content as a contribution to knowledge, as it articulates the relationship between teacher-gender differential influence on teacher?s relationship with students and the impact of this relationship on students? academic performance.

The study will also remain a reference document in the department of Art and Social Sciences, Faculty of Education, University of Lagos for researchers and students carrying out research on the same or similar topic.

The work will be useful to gender analyst. It will also be useful to the counsellor trainers and psychologist. It will also be useful to the teachers, parents and students.

Ultimately, its findings will also be of great reference to government, educational planners and policy makers, educational administrators and so on, when making decisions on issues pertaining to recruitment of teachers to boys? or girls? school.

1.7 Delimitation of the Study
This study covered only ten secondary schools randomly selected from the secondary schools in Lagos State. Besides, only thirty (30) economics teachers and thirty (30) economics students randomly selected from the ten sampled schools were involved in the study. In the whole, the study was limited to examine the relationship between teachers? gender and students? performance in Economics.

1.8 Limitations of the Study
These were some of the limitations encountered during the process of this study.
(i) There was limited time to cover more schools as the study would have needed.
(ii) Financial constraint limited the study from involving a larger part of the population.
(iii) The restrictive attitude of custodians of secondary data centres limited the researcher?s access to adequate secondary as well as the volume of the literature reviewed.

1.9 Definition of Operational Terms
(i) Gender: This refers to biologic maleness and femaleness of an individual.
(ii) Teaching: This is process of developing the cognitive, affective and psychomotor powers of the learners. It is also a process whereby knowledge is transmitted from the teacher to the learner. It is as well a complex process whereby the learner is made to pay attention, make observation, association ideas, and remembers previous experiences.
(iii) Profession: A type of work for which you need special knowledge and training.
(iv) Teacher: Anyone who imparts knowledge to another who is the recipient of what is being imparted (learner).

Brilliantng January 31, 2021 0 In

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE CIVIL SERVICE PAYROLL ACCOUNTING SYSTEM A CASE STUDY CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION ENUGU

ABSTRACT
Ever since man discovered the computer and hence computer science, attempt has been made to computerize every facet of human life.
This project work expresses the issue of designing and implementing a state civil payroll acknowledges (speed and accuracy) over the more tedious inefficient and true consuming manual system.
This system encounters the following problems. late receipt of raw data each month, regular break down of the accounting machine presently used for data processing, irregular power supply, in any errors resulting from the manual methods of data processing and the office caused by bulky files and constant complaints for errors from the workers. Consequently a computerized payroll accounting system when designed to take care of the above problems. The software is developed using Microsoft visual basic 6.0 programming language and access database.

Brilliantng October 31, 2023 1 In

The role of bioinformatics in pancreatic cancer diagnosis and therapy

The role of bioinformatics in pancreatic cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Abstract

The pancreas is an oblong-shaped organ positioned at the level of the transpyloric plane (L1). With the exception of the tail of the pancreas, it is a retroperitoneal organ, located deep within the upper abdomen in the epigastrium and left hypochondrium regions. The Organs Within the abdomen the pancreas has direct anatomical relations to several structures Stomach– Separated from the pancreas by the lesser sac, the stomach and pylorus lie anterior and to the pancreas. Duodenum– The“C” shaped duodenum curves around and outlines the head of the pancreas. The aim of the paper is to determine the role of bioinformatics in pancreatic cancer diagnosis and therapy. Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data, in particular when the data sets are large and complex. As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combines biology, chemistry, physics computer science, information engineering, mathematics and statistics to analysis and interpret biological data. (Spiga, 2014). Maintaining a healthy body weight Obesity and diabetes have been associated with pancreatic cancer and maintaining a healthy weight can help reduce both of these risk factors. Maintaining a healthy body weight involves sticking to a healthy diet as well as engaging in regular physical activity (Hidalgo, 2014). In the world, pancreatic cancer is a rare but fatal disease, with few established risk factors, including: smoking, genetic predisposition, and increasing age. Recent literature has found modern advances in PDA treatment and prophylaxis. As long as pancreatic cancers are diagnosed too late, the most important task for every individual on the planet is to take a healthy approach and to stave off death in the short term.

Brilliantng February 11, 2023 0 In

Entrepreneurship education and current impact on graduating students

Abstract

Entrepreneurship education and current impact on graduating students. The study focused on determining the impact of entrepreneurial education on graduate students in Nigeria. This study centers its execution at the Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe-Oghara as its focal case study in the 2020/2021 academic session. The population was considered since the study is of the goal of investigating the impact of entrepreneurial education on graduating students. The result indicated that most of the graduating students have been in business before, especially in Statistics and Computer science department. Since the level of significance, 0.05 1.00 p-value, we do not reject H0 and conclude that the two samples were drawn from the population that has the same median, thus the students opinion about starting up a business enterprise is equal for both Computer science and SLT. Conclusively, the result shows that graduating students all have the intentions of starting up a business but they do not have the finances to start up. Also, the result indicated that most of the students have been involved in one business before.

Brilliantng February 14, 2022 0 In

Design and implementation of online book shopping

Abstract

An online bookstore is an e-commerce website for selling books online. The project“design and implementation of an online bookstore management system” aims at providing a platform that allows a customer/user to search and purchase a book online based on the book’s title, author, department and subject. Among its functionalities include catalog management, customer accounts, inventory management, order management, product configurator and shopping cart. It provides the user with a catalog of different books available for purchase in the store categorized under the departments of Biochemistry, Engineering, Medicine, Mathematics, Pharmacy, Computer science and many more. Through a web browser, a customer/ user can search for a book by its title or author, add it to the shopping cart and finally purchase using credit card transactions or other card transactions like Master card, Visa card or Verve cards. The system is implemented using a backend database, and a web browser as the front end to the client. Making use of the following tools: Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) programming language, XAMPP, Apache, MySQL database management system and PHP CURL, a user-friendly, flexible and reliable website for online book sales was developed

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